書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱華德學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ireallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually___fromit.

問題1選項

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.refrained

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevented“預防，防止；阻止”；B選項restrained“抑制，控制；約束；制止（多用于refrainfromdoingsth.指克制自己以避免做某事）”；C選項refrained“節制，克制（以防變得過于激烈、強硬或直白）；避免；制止（通過拘留、上手銬等方式阻止囚犯等的暴力行為）（多用于restrainsb.fromdoingsth.）”；D選項restricted“限制，約束（使之不超過需要的范圍，如大小、規模等）；限定（活動或行為）”。句意：我真想在會上說點什么，但最后還是___了。根據固定搭配restrainsb.fromdoingsth.可知本句表達“最后忍住了”，因此C選項正確。

2.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Whileabsorbingtheoutstandingachievementsofforeigncultures,wecannotbesatisfiedwithsimpleimitation.Indulgenceinsimpleimitationwoulddepriveusofcreativitysothatwewillnotbeabletoachieveanewartisticsophisticationorpresentourownexcellentworkstotheworld.Simpleimitationcannotbeequatedtonewconceptionatall.Thelatterisacombinationofmodemandtraditionalstyle,acombinationofforeignnations’andourownnation’scharacteristics,andacombinationofartisticandeducationalquality.

Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomainthemesoftheworldtoday.Maintainingglobalpeace,enhancingfriendshipandcooperation,andpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationsofallpeoples.Atpresent,worldwidestabilityanddevelopmentarethreatenedbysuchseriousproblemsaspoverty,unemployment,refugeeflows,crimes,populationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugabuse,andterrorism.Thoughdifferentintheirnationalconditions,Chinasaidwesterncountriessharebroadcommoninterestsonawiderangeofmajorinternationalissues.IamhappytoseetheimprovementandexpansionofChina’srelationswiththem.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplestandreadytomakeacontributiontotheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmenttogetherwiththegovernmentsandpeoplesofallcountries,includingthoseofwesterncountries,onthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit.

【答案】在吸收外國文化的優秀成果時，我們不能滿足于單純的模仿。沉溺于單純模仿會讓我們失去創造力，致使我們無法達到一個新的藝術程度或向世界展示我們自己的優秀作品。單純的模仿無法等同于新觀念。后者是現代風格與傳統風格的結合，是外國特色與本國特色的結合，是藝術素質與教育素質的結合。

和平與發展是當今世界的兩大主題。維護世界和平、增進友誼與合作、促進共同發展是各國人民的共同愿望。當前，貧困、失業、難民流動、犯罪、人口爆炸、環境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等嚴重問題威脅著世界的穩定和發展。中國表示，盡管西方各國國情不同，但在一系列重大國際問題上有著廣泛的共同利益。我很高興看到中國與他們的關系得到改善與發展。中國政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基礎上，同包括西方國家在內的各國政府和人民一道，為和平與發展的崇高事業做出貢獻。

3.單選題

InAmerican’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,GideonV.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairtrialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircriminal-justicesystem—thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretreatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense—abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyor,ifthatfails,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.

“Wehaveawealth-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRight.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughter-house.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”

Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemadeheroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolice,prosecutorsandprisonshassteadilyclimbedinthepastdecade,increasingthenumberofpeoplechargedandimprisoned,spendingonindigentdefensehasnotkeptpace,overwhelminganalreadyhard-pressedsystem.

1.Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.

3.Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatistheauthor’sspecificpurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.wealthy

B.criminal

C.poverty-stricken

D.innocent

問題2選項

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyer

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourt

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeople

問題3選項

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.

問題4選項

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.

問題5選項

A.Toappealformorepublicspendingoncourtdefenseforthepoor.

B.TocriticizeAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem.

C.TodrawattentiontotheinjusticeoftheAmericanlegalsystem.

D.Tomakeasuggestiononhowtomendthecriminal-justicesystem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.“indigent”（第一段）這個詞最有可能的意思是____。

A.wealthyA.富有的

B.criminalB.有罪的

C.poverty-strickenC.非常貧困的

D.innocentD.無辜的

【答案】C

【考查點】詞匯推測題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞indigent和Paragraph1定位到原文第一段第三句，該句提到“最高法院一致裁定，____的被告必須由國家出資聘請律師（beprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense），因為在嚴重的刑事案件中，沒有律師就不可能有公平的審判。”通過這類被告需要“由國家出資聘請律師”可知，他們自己是請不起律師的，因此，C選項“非常貧困的”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A選項“富有的”、B選項“有罪的”、D選項“無辜的”，均不能從原文找到依據。

第2題:【選項釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.從文章中可以推斷，O.J.Simpson可能是____。

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyerA.一個因為雇了一個很好的律師而被判無罪的人

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpenseB.一個因為國家出錢請了律師而勝訴的人

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourtC.被拒絕請律師而在法庭上敗訴的人

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeopleD.他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞O.J.Simpson定位到原文第一段第二句，該句提到“問O.J.Simpson。”本段第一句提到“在美國激烈的對抗性法律體系中，優秀的律師是必不可少的（agoodlawyerisessential）。”根據文章行文邏輯可知，本段先提出一個觀點（第一句），再通過Simpson的例子說明這個觀點（第二句）。由此推斷，Simpson應該是一名因為請到了一名優秀的律師而勝訴的人，A選項“一個因為雇了一個很好的律師而被判無罪的人”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“一個因為國家出錢請了律師而勝訴的人”，“國家出錢請了律師”是后文的內容，并且這個案件的當事人是GideonV.Wainwright，這個內容與Simpson無關，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“被拒絕請律師而在法庭上敗訴的人”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司”，原文沒有依據說明Simpson是個律師，該選項屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?作者如何看待美國的對抗性法律制度？

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.A.它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現。

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.B.它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統。

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.C.事實上，它對富人有利，但對窮人不利。

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.D.這種做法本質上是不公平的，應該進行徹底改革。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞America’sadversariallegalsystem定位到原文第三段。本段第1句提到“我們有一個以財富為基礎的（awealth-basedsystem）司法體系”；第2-3句提到“對富人來說，它是鍍金的（gold-plated）。對于一般的窮人來說，這就像被趕到屠宰場一樣（beingherdedtotheslaughter-house）。在許多地方，對窮人來說，對抗性法律制度幾乎不存在。”由此可知，這個以財富為基礎的制度對于花了很多錢的富人來說還是有利的，對于窮人來說是不利的，C選項“事實上，它對富人有利，但對窮人不利”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“當時，這一決定被譽為正義的勝利，體現了美國致力于法律面前人人平等的理想。”由此可知，原文“法律面前人人平等理想的體現”指的是“最高法院關于貧窮的被告必須由國家出資聘請律師的決定”。并且原文第二段第二句提到“事實遠非如此”。因此，該選項屬于曲解原文；

B選項“它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統”，可定位到原文第二段第一句。該句提到“這是大多數美國人對他們的刑事司法系統的印象（theimage）——世界上最公平的（thefairestintheworld）……”本段第二句提到“事實遠非如此”。因此，作者并不認為美國的司法體系是世界上最公平的，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“這種做法本質上是不公平的，應該進行徹底改革”，作者雖然在原文中表達了這種體系不公平的觀點，但并沒有說要進行徹底的改革，該選項屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?下列哪個陳述是正確的？

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.A.律師經常以低報酬甚至不要報酬努力為窮人提供辯護。

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.B.隨著犯罪率的上升，美國的政客們對犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了。

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.C.在美國，如果一個人拒絕接受下級法院的判決，他總是可以向最高法院上訴。

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.D.政府提供的律師往往會走一遍辯護的程序，并且結果是他們無法與檢察官匹敵。

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】題干要求選擇表述正確的選項。第二段最后一句提到“今天，許多貧窮的被告（indigentdefendants），包括那些面臨長期監禁甚至死刑的人，都要接受‘與他們見面并為他們辯護的’辯護——在簡短的咨詢中，一個忙碌或不稱職的律師（aharriedorincompetentlawyer）鼓勵他們認罪，如果失敗，在短時間的審判中掙扎，辯方被一個更有經驗、薪水更高、準備更充分的檢察官遠遠超過（thedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedby）。”由此可知，由政府出資聘請律師，非常的不負責任，只是走一遍與被告見面、為被告辯護的程序，往往輸給比他們更有水平、更負責的檢察官，D選項“政府提供的律師往往會走一遍辯護的程序，并且結果是他們無法與檢察官匹敵”表述正確，符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“律師經常以低報酬甚至不要報酬努力為窮人提供辯護”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“許多律師為一些特定的被告付出了巨大的努力，收取的報酬很少或不要報酬，但律師的慈善事業只能處理小部分案件（onlyatinyfractionofcases）。”選項中“經常”與原文“小部分的案件”矛盾，該選項表述錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“隨著犯罪率的上升，美國的政客們對犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，該句提到“但在過去的二十年里，政客們急于嚴厲打擊犯罪（theeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime），他們不愿支付公共辯護律師的費用”，由此可知，政客們對犯罪的容忍度并沒有提高，而是降低了，該選項表述錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“在美國，如果一個人拒絕接受下級法院的判決，他總是可以向最高法院上訴”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，該句提到“一系列限制上訴理由的（restrictingthegroundsforappeal）最高法院判決”，由此可知，最高法院正限制被告的上訴，與選項中always不符，因此，該選項表述錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項釋義】

Whatistheauthor’sspecificpurposeinwritingthispassage?作者寫這篇文章的具體目的是什么？

A.Toappealformorepublicspendingoncourtdefenseforthepoor.A.呼吁更多的公共開支用于窮人的法庭辯護。

B.TocriticizeAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem.B.批評美國激烈的對抗性法律體系。

C.TodrawattentiontotheinjusticeoftheAmericanlegalsystem.C.讓人們注意到美國法律制度的不公正。

D.Tomakeasuggestiononhowtomendthecriminal-justicesystem.D.提出完善刑事司法制度的建議。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要選的是作者的具體意圖。原文第一段提出“在美國激烈的對抗性法律體系中，優秀的律師是必不可少的”，并且指出“最高法院一致裁定，必須為貧困的被告提供一名由國家出資的律師”；第二段提到“政府不愿意支付公共辯護律師的費用”以及限制上訴，導致了很多問題；第三段提到“美國的司法體系以財富為基礎，對富人有利，對窮人不利”；最后一段最后一句提到“在過去的十年里，警察、檢察官和監獄方面的支出穩步攀升，被起訴和監禁的人數不斷增加，而用于貧困的被告上的支出卻沒有跟上步伐，使本已不堪重負的系統更加不堪重負。”由此推斷，通過本文，作者是在呼吁提高用于為貧困的被告聘請律師的支出，A選項“呼吁更多的公共開支用于窮人的法庭辯護”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“批評美國激烈的對抗性法律體系”，雖然在原文也有體現，但A選項更具體；

C選項“讓人們注意到美國法律制度的不公正”，雖然在原文也有體現，但A選項更具體；

D選項“提出完善刑事司法制度的建議”，原文并未提出相關建議，該選項屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

問題2選項

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

問題3選項

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

問題4選項

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能夠讓一個足球離開地球，那么也足夠將一個保齡球（或一輛貨車）送離地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此選項C“逃離地球”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了離開地球，一個較重的物體……”。文章第一段倒數第二句話提到“物體下落的方式與物體的質量無關”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），選項B“需要的初始速度與較輕物體的一樣”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“地球大氣中沒有氦氣的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大氣主要有氧和氮組成，幾乎沒有氫和氦，質量輕的其他速度超過了11.2千米每秒的臨界值，因此它們沒有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推測氦氣的速度超過了11.2千米每秒，選項A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“月球上沒有大氣的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物體的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是較重的氣體也有足夠的速度逃離月球，這就是為什么月球上沒有大氣的原因，由此可知選項D“它不能將氧和氮這樣的氣體留在里面”符合題意。

5.單選題

Theapartmentwas（）as$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.

問題1選項

A.automated

B.assessed

C.asserted

D.avenged

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項automate“使自動化”，B項assess“評定，估價”，C項assert“堅持，斷言”，D項avenge“報復，報仇”。句意：這套公寓的估價為5萬美元，房主決定賣掉它。根據句意，該題選B正確。

6.單選題

ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUnitedStatescouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasithasalsobeenastruggleforrights,forequalaccess.Tomanyreformistblackcivilrightsactivists,whobelievedthatdesegregationwouldofferthehumanizingcontextthatwouldchallengeandchangewhitesupremacy,theissueofrepresentation—controloverimages—wasneverasimportantasequalaccess.（1）

.RogerWilkinsemphasizesthispointinhisrecentessay“WhiteOut”.

Inthoseinnocentdays,beforedesegregationhadreallybeentried,beforetheNewFrontierandtheGreatSociety,manyofusblackshadlovely,naivehopesforintegration…Inournaivete,webelievedthatthepowertosegregatewasthegreatestpowerthathadbeenwieldedagainstus.Itturnedoutthatourexpectationswerewrong.

（2）

.

Thoughourpoliticsdiffer,Wilkins'sobservationsechomyinsistence,intheopeningessayofBlackLooks:Representation,thatblackpeoplehavemadefew,ifany,revolutionaryinterventionsinthearenaofrepresentation.

Inpart,racialdesegregation—equalaccess—offeredavisionofracialprogressthat,howeverlimited,ledmanyblackpeopletobelessvigilantaboutthequestionofrepresentation.

（3）

.Thisleadstoaculturalcontextinwhichimagesthatwouldsubvertthestatusquoarehardertoproduce.Thereisno“perceivedmarket”forthem.Norshoulditsurpriseusthattheerosionofoppositionalblacksubcultures(manyofwhichhavebeendestroyedinthedesegregationprocess)hasdeprivedusofthosesitesofradicalresistancewherewehavehadprimarycontroloverrepresentation.

（4）

.

Nowonder,then,thatracialintegrationhascreatedacrisisinblacklife,signaledbytheutterlossofcriticalvigilanceinthearenaofimagemakingbyourbeingstuckinendlessdebateovergoodandbadimagery.

（5）

.Photographybegantohavelesssignificanceinblacklifeasameans—privateorpublic—bywhichanoppositionalstandpointcouldbeasserted.Amodeofseeingdifferentfromthatofthedominantculture.Everydayblackfolksbegantoseethemselvesasnothavingamajorroletoplayintheproductionofimages.

問題1選項

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

問題2選項

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

問題3選項

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

問題4選項

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

問題5選項

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:G

第3題:E

第4題:F

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.空格句的上一句提到了“whitesupremacy白人至上主義”，這與C項中的“whitesupremacyhasnochanged白人至上主義沒有改變”形成對應，所以C選項正確。

第2題:2.空格前一句提到“thegreatestpower最強的力量”，這與G項中的“thegreatestpower最強的力量”形成對應，所以G選項正確。

第3題:3.空格前一句提到“ledmanyblackpeopletobelessvigilantaboutthequestionofrepresentation導致很多黑人更少警惕形象問題”，這與E項中的“Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof‘good’and‘bad’imagery值得注意的是民族主義黑人自由運動經常只關心‘好的’與‘不好的’形象問題”形成對應，所以E選項正確。

第4題:4.空格前一句提到“thosesitesofradicalresistance那些積極反抗的場所”，這與F項中的“galleries美術館”這一場所形成對應，所以F選項正確。

第5題:5.空格前一句中提到的“acrisis一場危機”，這與B項中的“Theaftermathofthiscrisis這場危機的后果”形成對應，所以B選項正確。

7.單選題

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobe