書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-呂梁職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.不定項選擇題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問題2選項

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問題3選項

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問題4選項

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問題5選項

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統項目的重點是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經濟

C.technologyC.技術

D.taxD.稅收

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關鍵是技術（thecruxisthetechnology），這也是總統項目的重點所在”因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“投資”，是總統計劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項“經濟”，范圍太廣，太籠統，屬于本末倒置；

D選項“稅收”，是總統計劃中的一部分但也不是關鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個更直接的行動。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護性關稅壁壘。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動中的一部分，該選項以偏概全；

C選項“他們想重建工業”，屬于行動中一部分，該選項以偏概全；

D選項“他們想要保護性關稅壁壘”也是該行動中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對。

D.Compromise.D.妥協。

【考查點】觀點態度題。

【解題思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中說到“如果一個行業不能把自己提升到技術進步的領先階段，那么它就不能有效地競爭”。也就是說作者贊同新計劃，發展新技術。同時他還強調了新技術在未來發展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我們現在不能重組我們的經濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。”，綜合理解可以推測出作者的態度是支持的。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“厭惡”、C選項“反對”、D選項“妥協”不符合原文作者的觀點，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個計劃的危險在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對意見

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數第二段第二句，該處講到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項計劃無法通過，而在于左右翼的理論家將通過修正案歪曲該法案（distortthebillwithamendments），從而模糊其對技術的關注。”。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“雙方的反對意見”，屬于無中生有；

B選項“雙方對這個計劃有不同的看法”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“它的通過”，通過解題思路可知文中明確提到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項計劃無法通過”，為反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顧

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據文章內容可知，該文章是作者對美國經濟計劃的客觀描述。這是對大事件的報道。editorial表示報紙上的一篇重要文章，表達編輯對某條新聞或某一問題的看法，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一篇回顧”，指回想過去發生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個經濟計劃，因此屬于無中生有；

B選項“一篇前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或導言，該篇文章是一個陳述并非引導，屬于無中生有；

C選項“一則廣告”，廣告應該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內容，屬于無中生有。

2.單選題

Inaneffortto（

）religiousdevotion,theofficialsorderedthattheschooldaybeginwiththesingingofahymn.

問題1選項

A.relinquish

B.denigrate

C.inculcate

D.nonplus

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。relinquish“放棄，放手”；denigrate“詆毀”；inculcate“教育，教授；灌輸”；nonplus“迷惑”。句意：為了灌輸宗教思想，官方要求教學日以唱贊美詩開始。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Forreasonsofpersonalsafety,themantoldthepolicethathewishedtoremain（）.

問題1選項

A.anonymous

B.suspicious

C.conspicuous

D.rigorous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous“匿名的，無名的”；suspicious“可疑的；多疑的”；conspicuous“顯著的，顯而易見的”；rigorous“嚴格的；嚴密的；嚴酷的”。句意：考慮到人身安全，這個男人告訴警察他希望能夠保持匿名。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Itcanbearguedthatmuchconsumerdissatisfactionwithmarketingstrategiesarisesfromaninabilitytoaimadvertisingatonlythelikelybuyersofagivenproduct.Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First,thereisthemarketsegment—peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second,thereistheprogramtarget—peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe“bestfit”characteristicsforaspecificproduct.Lotsofpeoplemayneedtrousers,butonlyafewqualifyaslikelybuyersofveryexpensivedesignertrousers.Finallythereistheprogramaudience—allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogramwithoutregardtowhethertheyneedorwanttheproduct.

Thesethreegroupsarerarelyidentical.Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget,forexample,allcompanieswithaparticularapplicationoftheproductinquestion,suchashigh-speedfillersofbottlesatbreweries.Insuchcircumstances,directselling(marketingthatreachesonlytheprogramtarget)islikelytobeeconomicallyjustified,andhighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.

Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.Eachrepresentsarelativelysmallpercentageofpotentialsales.Rarelydomembersofaparticularmarketsegmentgroupthemselvesneatlyintoameaningfulprogramtarget.Therearesubstantialdifferencesamongconsumerswithsimilardemographiccharacteristics.Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.

1.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouthighlyspecializedtrademedia?

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutdirectselling?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesituationdescribedinthelasttwosentencesofthepassage?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemarketingofindustrialproductslikethosediscussedinthesecondparagraph?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingistrueformostconsumer-goodsmarkets?

問題1選項

A.Theyareusedonlyforveryexpensiveproducts.

B.Theyshouldbeusedonlywhendirectsellingisnoteconomicallypossible.

C.Theycanbeusedtoexcludefromtheprogramaudiencepeoplewhoarenotpartoftheprogramtarget.

D.Theyarerarelyusedintheimplementationofmarketingprogramsforindustrialproducts.

問題2選項

A.Itisusedinthemarketingofmostindustrialproducts.

B.Itisoftenusedincaseswherethereisalargeprogramtarget.

C.Itisnoteconomicallyfeasibleformostmarketingprograms.

D.Itisusedonlyforproductsforwhichtherearemanypotentialcustomers.

問題3選項

A.Aproductsuitableforwomenage21-30ismarketedatmeetingsattendedonlybypotentialcustomers.

B.Acompanydevelopsanewproductandmustdevelopanadvertisingcampaigntocreateamarketforit.

C.Anideaforaspecializedproductremainsunexploredbecausemediaexposureoftheproducttoitsfewpotentialcustomerswouldbetooexpensive.

D.Aproductsuitableformenage60andoverisadvertisedinamagazinereadbyadultsofallages.

問題4選項

A.Themarketsegmentandprogramtargetareidentical.

B.Massmarketingistheonlyfeasiblewayofadvertisingsuchproducts.

C.Themarketingprogramcannotbedirectedspecificallytotheprogramtarget.

D.Morecustomerswouldbeneededtojustifytheexpenseofdirectselling.

問題5選項

A.Theprogramaudienceissmallerthanthemarketsegment.

B.Theprogramaudienceandthemarketsegmentareusuallyidentical.

C.Themarketsegmentandtheprogramtargetareusuallyidentical.

D.Theprogramtargetandtheprogramaudiencearenotusuallyidentical.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據文章第一段，“Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First…peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second…peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe‘bestfit’characteristicsforaspecificproduct…Finally…allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogram…”，可知有三種消費者受到市場營銷的影響。第一種是真正需要商品的人，第二種是適合某種特殊商品的人，第三種是接觸到營銷項目的所有人。根據文章第二段最后一句，“…highlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.”，高度專業化的行業媒體的存在是為了讓營銷項目的目標成員和只有接觸營銷目標的成員了解營銷方案。可判斷出高度專業化的行業媒體可以用來把不屬于營銷目標的人排除在營銷計劃之外。選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段，“Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.”，盡管在過去的十年里，信息技術取得了很大的進步，但直接銷售消費品還是很少見的，而大眾營銷——一種針對廣大受眾的營銷方式——仍然是唯一經濟上可行的模式。可判斷出直接銷售目前仍然不是經濟上可能的模式。選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據文章最后兩句，“Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhavenointerestandsotheybecomeannoyed.”，不幸的是，很少有媒體允許營銷人員將營銷計劃完全針對計劃目標。不可避免地，人們會接觸到大量的營銷產品，而他們對這些產品并不感興趣，而且會感到厭煩。可判斷出一種適合60歲以上男性的產品在各年齡段的成年人都能閱讀的雜志上登廣告，這種現象剛好反映了這一問題。選項D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據文章第二段，“Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget…”，在特定工業產品的客戶可能很少且很容易識別的情況下，偶爾會出現例外。這些共有特定需求的客戶很可能形成一個有意義的目標，可判斷出特定工業產品的細分市場和營銷目標是一致的。選項A符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據文章第三段，“Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.”，大多數消費品的市場都有很大的區別。通常，這些市場的潛在客戶很多。可判斷出大多數消費品市場的市場目標和營銷受眾是不一致的，存在區別。選項D符合題意。

5.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語境。根據Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒有像氣候模型預測的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發表的一項新研究表明，小型火山爆發可能是全球變暖速度沒有跟上之前預測的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結構和語法。空格處應該填入一個形容詞。選項中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結構和語法。空格處應該填入一個程度副詞修飾little表示“相當小”。根據句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒有顯示出相當小的變暖跡象），可知應該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結構和語法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應該填入一個單數名詞，選項里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒有任何計算機模型計算，也有明確的信號表明，這些早期的火山活動對溫度和大氣反射的陽光產生了影響。

70.

考查句子結構和語態。根據hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個被動語態，需要填動詞的過去分詞，選項里面只有ignored是過去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應在很大程度上一直被氣候科學家所忽視。

6.單選題

問題1選項

A.marineproducts

B.dairyproducts

C.industrialproducts

D.avianproducts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞poultry意為“家禽；家禽肉”；A選項“marineproducts”意為“海產品；水產及制品”；B選項“dairyproducts”意為“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪產品”；C選項“industrialproducts”意為“工業產品”；D選項“avianproducts”意為“禽類產品”。句意：據報道，美國賓夕法尼亞州最近爆發的禽流感促使中國禁止從該州進口家禽。由題干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆發的禽流感）肯定和家禽相關。所以中國禁止進口的應該是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此處最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disclosure“披露，揭發”；B選項exhibition“展覽，顯示”；C選項contact“接觸，聯系”；D選項exposure“暴露，曝光”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下會導致皮膚損傷、癌癥或其他身體損傷。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

8.單選題

Thecloseronecangettoreality,theeasierthelearningbythestudent,（

）

thatthenecessaryknowledgehasbeengivenpreviouslytofacilitatecomprehension.

問題1選項

A.so

B.despite

C.such

D.provided

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞辨析。so因此，despite盡管，such如此；providedthat“如果，假設”;句意：如果先前已經學習了能夠幫助理解的必要知識，那么距離現實越近，學習就會越容易。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

問題1選項

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“同等物”；counterpart意為“職位(或作用)相當的人”；peer意為“同齡人”；substitute意為“替代物”。

句意：根據一項研究，女性老板被認為不如男性老板合格、有能力。

10.單選題

Lestanyone______itstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

問題1選項

A.thought

B.hadthought

C.shouldthink

D.thinking

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.thought認為B.hadthought認為

C.shouldthink認為D.thinking認為

【考查點】虛擬語氣。

【解題思路】lest表示“以免”，在這表示一種假設的情況，所以要用虛擬語氣shoulddo，故空格處要填入shouldthink，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合虛擬語氣用法。

【句意】以免有人大驚小怪，我在此證實事實屬實。

11.單選題

Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming（）:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.description

C.qualification

D.contradiction

【答案】D

【解析】interruption中斷，干擾之事；description描述，說明；qualification資格，條件；contradiction矛盾。句意：歐洲科學家稱，隨著數百萬候鳥在天空中飛來飛去，這一季節性奇跡似乎取決于一個看似的事實:鳥兒越胖，飛行效率越高。根據后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以選項D正確。

12.單選題

Theextremely（

）tradeinendangeredspeciesisprovingirresistibletocountriesingravecurrencycrisis.

問題1選項

A.lucrative

B.approximate

C.ambitious

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lucrative意為“獲利多的，賺錢的”；approximate意為“大概的”；ambitious意為“有雄心的”；prospective意為“預期的”。

句意：極其有利可圖的瀕危物種貿易對于那些面臨嚴重貨幣危機的國家來說是無法抗拒的。

13.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文憑）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（終身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

問題1選項

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。根據文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知問題是給學生們提供了太多的學術領域，也就是太多的專業課程可以選擇。選項C符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，這種教育涉及了很多專業領域，但是沒有內容，技能沒有變成方法，而是成為一種目的，所以這種教育的角度是錯誤的。選項B符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美國大學當前面臨危機的原因是越來越迎合狹隘的事業心，沒有培養學生的全球視野。選項A符合題意。

4.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他們認為研究和出版是最重要的事。選項D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教學生們基本知識，產生跨學科聯系，并且將知識應用于學校之外的生活是他們承諾努力的方面。根據第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素質的教師和好的教學也是他們關注的方面。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Thetrainclatteredoverpointsandpassedthroughastation.

Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal.Forsomeminutesitcrawledalong,thenstopped;presentlyitbegantomoveforwardagain.Anotherup-trainpassedthem,thoughwithlessvehemencethanthefirstone.Thetraingatheredspeedagain.Atthatmomentanothertrain,alsoonadown-line,swervedinwardstowardsthem,foramomentwithalmostalarmingeffect.Foratimethetwotrainsranparallel,nowonegainingalittle,nowtheother.Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages.Mostoftheblindsweredown,butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible.Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandthereweremanyemptycarriages.

Atthemomentwhenthetwotrainsgavetheillusionofbeingstationary,ablindinoneofthecarriagesflewupwithasnap.Mrs.McGillicuddy,lookedintothelightedfirst-classcarriagethatwasonlyafewfeetaway.

Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet.

Standingwithhisbacktothewindowandtoherwasaman.Hishandswereroundthethroatofawomanwhofacedhim,andhewasslowly,remorselessly,stranglingher.Hereyeswerestartingfromtheirsockets,herfacewaspurple.AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame;thebodywentlimpandcrumpledintheman’shands.

Atthesamemoment,Mrs.McGillicuddy’strainsloweddownagainandtheotherbegantogainspeed.Itpassedforwardandamomentortwolaterithadvanishedironsight.

AlmostautomaticallyMrs.McGillicuddy'shandwentuptothecommunicationcord,thenpaused,irresolute.Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling?Thehonorofwhatshehadseenatsuchclosequarters,andtheunusualcircumstances,madeherfeelparalyzed.Someimmediateactionwasnecessary—butwhat?

Thedoorofhercompartmentwasdrawnbackandaticketcollectorsaid,“Ticket,please”.

1.WhenMrs.McGillicuddy’strainpassedthroughastation,it（

）.

2.Mrs.McGillicuddyseemstobea(n)person

（

）.

3.Whatshesawintheparalleltrainmadeherfeel

（

）.

4.Shedidn’tringthecommunicationcordimmediatelybecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.gainedspeedsuddenly

B.keptitsusualspeed

C.changeditsspeed

D.stoppedimmediately

問題2選項

A.observant

B.interested

C.nosy

D.nervous

問題3選項

A.excited

B.anxious

C.worried

D.horrified

問題4選項

A.shewasverymuchafraid

B.therewasnopointofdoingso

C.shewastooshockedtomove

D.theticketcollectorcamein

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“當McGillicuddy太太乘坐的火車經過車站時，這輛火車……”。文章第二段第一句提到“它突然變慢了，好像在遵循什么信號”（Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal），選項C“改變速度”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“McGillicuddy太太看起來是一個……的人”。文章第二段提到“McGillicuddy太太透過她的窗戶看向對面火車”（Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages），接下來描寫了她看到的內容，由此可以推斷出她是一個善于觀察的人。選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“她看到對面火車上的情形時，感覺……”。文章第四段提到“她吸了一口氣，半蹲著”（Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet）；第五段提到“當她看到這些時，被嚇得動彈不得，終于熬到結束”（AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame），由此可以看出她非常害怕，選項D符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是“她沒有立刻拉警報索，是因為……”。文章最后一段提到“畢竟，拉警報鎖又有什么用呢？”（Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling），選項B“這樣做沒有意義”符合題意。

15.單選題

WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?

問題1選項

A.Allhislecturesarewereinteresting.

B.Halftheirsavingsweregone.

C.Manyhisfriendscametotheparty.

D.Bothhissistersarenurses.

【答案】C

【解析】考查限定詞。題干：下面哪個句子不正確？

many后面不能直接跟限定詞。

16.單選題

Today,cigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.About43percentoftheadultmenand31percentoftheadultwomenintheUSsmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupthesmokinghabit.75percentofthemalepopulationand46percentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesatsometimeduringtheirlives,but26percentofthesemenand11percentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.

Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersistheagegroup24-44.

Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.

Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongt