書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-北京服裝學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問題1選項

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經過”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發現”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語義邏輯，故正確答案為選項B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個計算機日程計劃，但是到目前為止它還沒有一個合適的模式。

2.翻譯題

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前獨自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專業人員或寡居的老人。領取養老金的人，特別是上了年紀的婦女，構成了獨自生活人群的絕大多數；而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士，他們日益認為獨自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨自生活被認為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。

3.翻譯題

InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.

【答案】與法國不同,在德國,友誼更注重感覺。青少年,男孩和女駭之間,他們有著很深的情感依賴,總是很親密地走在一起,與其說是為了彰顯各自的聰明才智,不如說是為了分享他們的希望、恐懼和夢想,以此來形成一條對抗學校和家庭生活的統一陣線；來取得來自他們各自和自己內心世界的一些姑且叫共識的東西。在家庭里,長至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之間的關系；在家庭外,人們在同性間最親密的朋友身上發現如姐妹般的奉獻,如兄弟般的忠誠。在德國,朋友經常被帶進家庭,孩子們叫他們父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法國,人們會挑選有著相同見解和觀念的人作為朋友,朋友之間會為了生活的空間和態度的分歧激烈的爭執。但對于友誼建立在雙方共同的感覺的德國人來說,如果在雙方都認為重要的問題上產生了尖銳的分歧,那就是極大的不幸。就像親屬關系一樣,友誼的紐帶是絕對有約束力的。來到美國的年輕德國人很難與美國人建立這樣的友誼。我們對友誼的看法更具試探性,隨著人們搬家、換工作、結婚或發現新的興趣愛好,友誼的強度會發生變化。

4.問答題

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】試題答案：C；that

【解析】考查名詞性從句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表語從句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

5.單選題

InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Fannerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.

Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.

Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalismisn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

46.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

47.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmercanbeused______.

48.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.

49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.

50.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

問題1選項

A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus

B.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout

C.manysitesarenotwell-protected

D.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin

問題2選項

A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites

B.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem

C.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsites

D.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation

問題3選項

A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsers

B.itcanbreakintoInternetsites

C.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsites

D.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent

問題4選項

A.enthusiastic

B.critical

C.positive

D.indifferent

問題5選項

A.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthened

B.weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurity

C.influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurity

D.netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節事實題。題干意思是“通過提到‘…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors’(第2段第3-4行)，作者的意思是……”。根據第二段第二句中的usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.（用他自稱為“撒旦”的自動調查程序所做的一項最新研究表明，超過一半以上的萬維網網站主人建立的家都沒有上鎖）可知，許多網站沒有得到很好的保護；A項“那些快樂的時光似乎還在我們身邊”，B項“根本沒有什么犯罪需要擔心”，D項“黑客們在網站上嘗試各種技巧，但實際上并沒有入侵網站”都不是作者在這里想表達的。因此C項“許多網站沒有得到很好的保護”正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“撒旦，一個由DanFarmer設計的程序可以被用來……”。根據第二段第二句usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN（用他自稱為‘撒旦’的自動調查程序）和第三段的第一句SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.（“撒旦”可以對網站試驗一系列眾所周知的黑客攻擊而不用真正闖入）可以推斷出“撒旦”這個程序是用來檢驗網站是否安全，B項“完善互聯網系統的安全性”，C項“阻止黑客闖入網站”，D項“下載有用的程序和信息”都不是“撒旦”的功能，因此A項“檢驗網站是否安全”正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。題干意思是“Farmer的項目受到了公眾的批評，因為……”。根據第三段第三句Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.（一個有邪惡意圖的人可以用它來搜索容易被盜竊的網站）可知D項“它可以被惡意的人利用”符合題意。A項“它會對網絡瀏覽器造成損害”，和B項“它可以侵入互聯網站點”不是“撒旦”造成的后果，也不是這個項目受到公眾批評的真正原因；根據第四段第二行SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.（“撒旦”做的更多的是提醒人們注意風險，而不是引起新的混亂）可知，C項“它可以用來在所有的網站上造成混亂”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】作者態度題。題干意思是“作者對‘撒旦’的態度是……”。倒數第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我們也要看到光明的一面，不考慮安全因素，因特網幾乎是世界上最大的沒有犯罪的社會）和最后一段第一句說道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，讓我們在還能享受的時候盡情享受吧），由此可推斷作者對“撒旦”的態度是積極的，因此C項“積極的”正確。A項“熱心的”，B項“批評的”和D項“漠不關心的”都不符合。因此選C正確。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“文章最后一段……”。倒數第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我們也要看到光明的一面，不考慮安全因素，因特網幾乎是世界上最大的沒有犯罪的社會）和最后一段第一句說道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，讓我們在還能享受的時候盡情享受吧），由此可推斷作者對“撒旦”的態度是積極的，因此C項“積極的”正確。A項“熱心的”，B項“批評的”和D項“漠不關心的”都不符合。因此選C正確。

6.單選題

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

問題1選項

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

問題2選項

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

問題3選項

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

問題4選項

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

問題5選項

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細節題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”為什么我們如此容易犯錯誤？為什么我們會一次又一次地犯同樣的錯誤？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人類設計的環境過于復雜以至于我們無法完全理解，要么是我們在生理上容易做出錯誤的決定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，為了驗證這些理論，研究小組選擇了一組棕色卷尾猴來做實驗。由此可知，選項A“為了研究猴子是否能學會用錢”，選項C“為了弄清楚在有損失的時候冒險是否更好”，選項D“為了確定猴子是否比人類犯更多的錯誤”均與文章不符，因此B選項正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，從更樂觀的角度來看，一旦我們確定了局限性，人類就完全有能力克服它們。由此可知，選項A“希望人類不久就能解決這些問題”，選項B“幸運的是，人類能夠解決我們所知道的問題”，選項D“我們很高興地注意到，我們可以解決我們所確定的問題”均與文章不符，因此C選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子們很快就適應了，并且也學會了簡單的交流技巧。由此可知，選項B“了解，知道”，選項C“完成”，選項D“包含”都與題干不符，因此A選項正確。

第4題:4.細節事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被選為測試對象，因為它們是人類的遠親，它們是聰明的，并且有學習的能力。由此可知，題干所表述的“哪一段提到為什么選擇猴子進行實驗?”應為第二段，因此A選項正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞可知，這題需要對整篇文章進行分析總結。文章講述為了查出人類為什么易于犯錯，以及易于犯同樣錯誤的原因，研究團隊找來了一群猴子做實驗，而實驗的結果表明，猴子也會做出與人類同樣的選擇，并且在做選擇時受到一定外部條件的限制。由此可知，選項A“她認為人類和猴子都是貪婪的”，選項B“她的工作經常與猴子打交道”，選項D“與人類相比，她更喜歡猴子”文章均未提及，因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

There（）nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.

問題1選項

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.being

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】考查原因狀語。句意：由于沒有什么可討論的了，會議提前半小時結束了。因前后兩部分之間沒有連接詞，所以可以確定前半句為獨立主格結構，therebeing是存在句的非限定形式，在句中表示原因狀語。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

問題1選項

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。pickup撿起，獲得；copewith處理，應付；passout昏倒，分發；getacross通過，使被理解。根據下文，讓清潔女工把打印好的小紙條寄出去讓寄件人稍后再寫。這是處理郵件的一種方式，所以選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Weweregreatlysurprisedbytheway___thingsweredonehere.

問題1選項

A.what

B.inwhich

C.as

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。本句主語是we，謂語為詞組weresurprisedby，賓語theway；thingsweredonehere屬于完整的句子，根據句意可知修飾theway；結合四個選項可知空格處要填入從句關系詞。判斷出此處考查theway+從句的固定用法：theway后引導定語從句的關系詞有三種：1.that；2.inwhich；3.省略。句意：我們對這里的做法感到非常驚訝。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Sherefusedtolettheinjurykeepherfrom（

）hergoalofbeingintheOlympics.

問題1選項

A.detaining

B.attaining

C.screwing

D.sifting

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。detain“拘留；耽擱”；attain“達到，實現”；screw“轉動，擰”；sift“篩選”。句意：她不會讓受傷阻止她實現參加奧運會的目標。選項B符合題意。

11.不定項選擇題

Thetwo-month-oldbabyhashardlyrousedhimselffromthelongnightofhisfirstweeksinthisworldwhenheisconfrontedwithsomeofthedifficultproblemsoftherace.Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.

Asimilarprojectinacademicresearchwouldrequireextensivelaboratoryequipmentandpersonnel;tobefairaboutit,ithastakenjustthattoreconstructtheexperimentsoftheinfant.Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.Hisequipmentislimitedtohissensoryorgans,hishands,hismouth,andaprimitivememoryapparatus.

Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.Butthisfaceisonepieceinthejigsawpuzzle—akeypiece,wethink.Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.

Meantimetheinfantisconductingaseriesofcomplicatedexperimentsinsensorydiscrimination.Wemustrememberthatintheearlymonthshedoesnotdiscriminatebetweenhisbodyandotherbodies.Whenheclutchesthefingerofhismotherorhisfatherhedoesn’tseeitassomeoneelse’sfingerandhisbehaviorindicatesthathetreatsitexactlythesameashedoeshisownfinger.Ittakeshimsometime,infact,torecognizehisownhandatsightandtoacquireevenarudimentaryfeelingthatthisispartofhisownbody.Inthefirstgroupofexperimentshediscoversthattheobjectthatpassesoccasionallyinfrontofhiseyes(whichweknowtobehishand)isthesameastheobjectwithvisualandtastequalitiesthathecanidentify.Inanotherexperimentalserieshediscoversthatthesensationsthataccompanytheintroductionofthisobjectintohismoutharedifferentfromthoseexperiencedwhenhetakesanippleintohismouth:oratoy,orhismother’sorfather’sfinger.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,“someofthedifficultproblemsoftherace”(Para.1)refersto________.

2.Theauthorcomparesababywithascientist(Para.2)inordertomakethepointthat________.

3.Theauthorapparentlybelievesthatinfancylearningbeginswith________.

4.Theaccountofhowaninfantlearnstodiscriminatebetweenhisownbodyandthebodyofotherssuggeststhat________.

問題1選項

A.figuringoutwhatisimaginary

B.beingabletomakedistinctions

C.understandingthatdreamsarenotreal

D.findingtheexactpositionofoneself

問題2選項

A.infantsaretirelessintheireffortstounderstandtheirenvironments

B.infantsuseaformofthescientificmethod

C.scientificexperimentationistimeconsuming

D.manyscientificstudieshavebeendoneonhowinfantslearn

問題3選項

A.feelingofbeingloved

B.thebaby’ssenses

C.imagesthattheinfantsees

D.ideasstoredintheinfant’smemory

問題4選項

A.thereareseveraldifferenttheoriesabouttheprocess

B.thediscriminationprocessfollowsaprecisesequence

C.somebabieslearnmorequicklythanothers

D.malebabieslearndifferentlyfromfemalebabies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第一段第三句Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.（我們邀請他來研究現實的本質，來區分自我和非自我，并在每一個類別中建立有用的標準。）由此可知一些人類的難題指的是B選項“能夠做出區分”；其他三個選項A選項“弄清楚什么是虛幻”；C選項“理解夢境不是真的”；D選項“為自己找到準確的位置”都沒有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段第二句Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.（在整理這個項目的原始數據時，很少有成熟和合格的科學家能像嬰兒一樣有熱情和精力。）由此可以推斷A選項“嬰兒不知疲倦的去了解自己所在的環境”正確；其他三個選項B選項“嬰兒使用一種科學方法”；C選項“科學實驗是耗時的”；D選項“研究嬰兒學習的實驗有很多”都不符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段第一、二句Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.（兩個月大的時候，正如我們所看到的那樣，他認出了一個物體，這個物體我們知道是人臉而且知道這是一個自身以外的物體。但對嬰兒來說，這只是一個圖像，一個他無法與感覺區分的圖像，是記憶里的圖片）從這句話中我們可以判斷嬰兒的學習開始于選項C“嬰兒看到的影像”；A選項“被愛的感覺”；B選項“嬰兒的感覺”；D選項“儲藏在嬰兒記憶中的想法”文中沒有提及。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據題干第三段最后一句Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.（然后在接下來的幾個星期里，乳房或奶瓶，手，聲音的聯想，大量的愉悅感體驗開始聚集在這張臉周圍，形成一個人的粗糙形象。）從這里可以推斷B選項“辨別過程遵循著一個精確的順序”是正確的。A選項“這里有幾個不同的理論來解釋這個過程”；C選項“一些嬰兒學得比其他嬰兒快”；D選項“男寶寶學得比女寶寶不同”文章都沒有提及。

12.單選題

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,（）theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

問題1選項

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查謂語動詞的形式。句意：我們使用的Church這個詞指的是所有的宗教機構，無論是基督教、伊斯蘭教、佛教、猶太教等等。分析句子結構可知，前半句中出現了as，其謂語動詞多用be的原形，引導讓步虛擬從句，并且需要倒裝，所以選項A正確。

13.單選題

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.

Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.

Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.

Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.

Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.

I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?

1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct

（

）.

4.Theword“leniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.

B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.

C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

問題2選項

A.inherentlygood

B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence

C.geneticallydetermined

D.originallyevil

問題3選項

A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications

B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin

C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty

D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness

問題4選項

A.honestly

B.falsely

C.tolerantly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（幾乎人人都會欺騙他人，雖然通常只是一點點。這也是DnanelAriely的新書《不誠實的事實》中的主題之一）可知B選項“我們不太可能真正誠實”符合題意。

2.細節事實題。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在過去的幾個世紀里，大多數西方人都會認定自己從根本上是墮落的罪人）可知選D，西方傳統文化認為人性本惡。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成為一個欠佳的人，但總體上是一個好人就足夠了）可推測在goodpersonconstruct結構下人們對自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要講的是關于誠實的話題，那么人們也就不那么誠實了，因此選C。

4.詞義題。honestly意為“誠實地”；falsely意為“虛偽地，不實地”；tolerantly意為“寬容地，包容地”；subjectively意為“主觀地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鑒于我們在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我們大多數人都會……衡量自己）可知我們會用欺騙的手段合理化自己行為，因此排除A、D選項；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我們給自己的定位是好人，可排除B選項，因此選C。

14.單選題

Theboyneverattemptedto（）anyexcuseforbeinglate.

問題1選項

A.fluctuate

B.fabricate

C.lubricate

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這個男孩從不會捏造任何遲到的借口。

考查動詞辨析。fluctuate使波動，動搖；fabricate制造，捏造;lubricate使潤滑;manipulate操作，處理。空格的賓語是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。

15.單選題

Itistimethatthe