書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-華南理工大學廣州學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Someareasofthemoonaresofullofcraters（）anextremelyroughsurface.

問題1選項

A.thattheypresent

B.presenting

C.whichpresent

D.topresent

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句。空格后anextremelyroughsurface（極其粗糙的表面）是修飾空格前名詞craters（火山口），句意：月球的某些區域充滿了環形山，呈現出極其粗糙的表面。因此C選項正確，構成定語從句，從句的引導詞which在定語從句中做主語；A選項代入后成為同位語從句，同位語從句是解釋說明之前的詞，在這里不符合句意；現在分詞作后置定語表示被修飾名詞正在進行的動作，表示被修飾名詞的特征，B選項排除；動詞不定式修飾物表示某物要做某事，D選項排除；因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（

）destinationisRome.

問題1選項

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。ultimate“最終的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“其次的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。句意：他們要去倫敦，但他們最終的目的是羅馬。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Hisfameprovedtobeaflashinthepan—hisfirstbookwaspopularbuthehasn’twrittenanything（

）since.

問題1選項

A.innovative

B.descriptive

C.intangible

D.intelligible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。innovative“創新的”；descriptive“描述的”；intangible“無形的，難以琢磨的”；intelli“容易理解的”。句意：他的名氣猶如曇花一現——他的第一本書很暢銷，但之后再也沒有寫出有新意的東西。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

問題1選項

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項ready“準備好的，現成的，迅速的”；B選項approachable“可接近的，可到達的，易理解的”；C選項probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

問題1選項

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項converge“聚集（從不同的方向走向一個地方并相遇）；靠攏；收斂”；B選項assemble“集合，聚集；裝配；收集（作為一個團體聚集在一起或者把人或事物作為一個團體聚集在一起）”；C選項crowd“擠滿；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或緊張）；（想法或觀點）塞滿腦子；催促（因而使人生氣或不快）”；D選項accumulate“累積；積聚（在一段時間內逐漸得到越來越多某物）”。句意：如火警響起，請所有居民在庭院___。本句表達“火災發生的話請所有居民作為一個團體聚集在庭院”，因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Withtheburgeoningofscientificknowledge,workontheneweditionofatextbookbeginssoonaftercompletionoftheoriginal.

問題1選項

A.emerging

B.culminating

C.limiting

D.developing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：隨著科學知識的迅速發展，在原教科書完成后不久，就開始編寫新版本的教科書。A選項emerging“走向成熟的，新興的”；B選項culminating“達到頂點，告終”；C選項limiting“限制的，局限的”；D選項developing“發展中的”。burgeoning意為“迅速發展的，繁榮的”，選項A與之意思最為相近，代入符合語境。

7.單選題

Rosaisquietandintroverted(內向的),andsheobjectsto______herlivingroomwithdozensofpeopleintheapartment.

問題1選項

A.share

B.sharing

C.havingshared

D.haveshared

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：羅莎安靜內向，她不喜歡和公寓里的幾十個人一起住在自己的客廳里。objecttodoingsth.是固定搭配，表示“反對做某事”，排除A,D。C選項havingshared是完成時，和題干句子時態不符，排除C。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問題2選項

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問題3選項

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問題4選項

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節理解題。根據文章第一段的內容，二十世紀五十年代，美國社會思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產主義運動進行相提并論和比較，說明是有共同之處的，選項C符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第三段，羅金對李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進行了驗證，最嚴厲的批評是，二者都沒有對自己的觀點給出證據。選項B符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據文章最后一段，羅金的總結是，麥卡錫主義不應該被判定為科學的產物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對他們方法論做出了驗證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應被判定為科學的產物，而是一種政治領域的探索。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Complacencyhasledtosomeappallingecological（

）.

問題1選項

A.damages

B.tragedies

C.catastrophes

D.dangers

【答案】C

【解析】查名詞辨析。damage意為“損害、毀壞”等時，是不可數名詞，意為“價錢、費用”時，是可數名詞，意為“賠償費”時，必須用其復數形式。tragedy意為“悲劇，慘劇”；catastrophe意為“災難，災禍”；danger意為“危險”，泛指“危險”時，danger是不可數名詞,指具體的“危險、危險物、可能造成損傷、疼痛等的人”時，是可數名詞。

句意：自滿導致了一些可怕的生態災難。

10.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。turnmybackonsomeone意為對某人不理睬。

11.單選題

Basicresearchprovidesthe（

）fundofscientificknowledge,onwhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.

問題1選項

A.capital

B.endowed

C.enhanced

D.initiative

【答案】A

【解析】句意:基礎研究為科學知識提供了資本基金，應用研究人員從中提取資本基金后以高利率回報社會。

形容詞辨析。Capitalfund資本基金;endowedfund捐助基金;enhancedfund增強型基金;initiativefund項目基金。因此A符合句意。

12.單選題

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

問題1選項

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。object“反對（一般與介詞to搭配使用）”；oppose“反對；對抗，抗爭”；contradict“反駁；否定；與······矛盾”；refute“駁斥”。句意：他們用目擊者的證詞來駁斥他聲稱自己無辜。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

問題1選項

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問題2選項

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

問題3選項

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

問題4選項

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列舉了除了______以外的女性個體經營者可能遇到的困難。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.來自消費者和供應商的歧視

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.來自金融機構的歧視

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.獲得優秀員工的問題

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在獲得政府援助方面的問題

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第三段的內容“……消費者歧視個體經營的女性。此外，自主創業的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應商和金融機構的歧視。”，從中可知，女性個體經營者會碰到困難包括消費者、供應商和金融機構的歧視，以及更難找到好員工，只有D項“在獲得政府援助方面的問題”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“來自消費者和供應商的歧視”、B項“來自金融機構的歧視”和C項“獲得優秀員工的問題”根據解題思路可知，這三項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.關于私人雇主和政府雇主對女性的歧視，下列哪個結論作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私營雇主和政府雇主對女性的歧視都對婦女的收入產生了相同的影響。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對女性的收入影響更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對女性的收入影響更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據第一段的第三和第四句“歧視程度的不同會導致與雇主類型有關的收入差異。根據政府和私人雇主的性質來看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視。”可知，政府和私人雇主都有歧視，但是私人雇主的歧視對女性的收入影響更大，所以作者更有可能同意B項“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對女性的收入影響更大”的結論。

【干擾項排除】

A項“私營雇主和政府雇主對女性的歧視都對女性的收入產生了相同的影響”根據第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧視，與女性在私營企業就業所得相比，政府就業將對女性的收入產生積極的影響”可知，政府雇主和私營雇主對女性的收入有不同的影響，該項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對女性的收入影響更大”根據解題思路可知，該項不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都會歧視，該項中的possible與原文不符合，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一項對金融機構實踐的研究表明，對女性自營者沒有歧視，這往往與______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究結果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明確結果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建議

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.福克斯的假設

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第三段的內容“從布朗的研究結果可以推斷出……自主創業的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應商和金融機構的歧視”可知，布朗的研究結果表明金融機構會歧視女性自營者，這與金融機構關于對女性自營者沒有歧視的實踐的研究相矛盾。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“福克斯的一些初步研究結果”和D項“福克斯的假設”沒有提到金融機構對女性的歧視，屬于張冠李戴；

C項“作者提出的建議”文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根據布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的順序排列，分別是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇傭，個體經營，私營雇傭

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇傭，私營雇傭，個體經營

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私營雇傭，個體經營，政府雇傭

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私營雇傭，政府雇傭，個體經營

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第二段最后兩句“對于男性來說，個體經營是收入最高的行業，其次是私營雇傭，政府雇傭最低。對于女性來說，這個順序是相反的。”，從中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的順序與男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇傭，私人雇傭，個體經營。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“政府雇傭，個體經營，私營雇傭”、C項“私營雇傭，個體經營，政府雇傭”和D項“私營雇傭，政府雇傭，個體經營”，根據解題思路可知，都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

14.單選題

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

問題1選項

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：隨著第一次世界大戰的來臨，美國成為電影工業的主導力量。advent一般和介詞of連用而不和under、in、at連用，B選項Withtheadventof“隨著……的出現”符合語境。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Couldyou（）metotherailwaystation,please?

問題1選項

A.show

B.direct

C.lead

D.indicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據題干可知考查directsb.to“指導某人去……”。句意：你可以告訴我火車站怎么走嗎？因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolor,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.Childrenwerenotcolor-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolorswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolor,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler(學步的兒童).Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCookahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

17.Bysaying“itis...Therainbow”,theauthormeanspink（）.

18.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren’spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby（）.

19.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto（）.

20.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirl’sattractiontopinkseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

B.shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’innocence

C.cannotexplaingirls’lackofimagination

D.cannotinfluencegirls’livesandinterests

問題2選項

A.themarketingofproductsforchildren

B.theobservationofchildren’snature

C.researchesintochildren’sbehavior

D.studiesofchildhoodconsumption

問題3選項

A.focusoninfantwearandolderkids’clothes

B.attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

C.classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

D.createsomecommonshoppersterms

問題4選項

A.clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

B.fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

C.wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

D.mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】17.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.（不是粉紅本來不好，它只是彩虹的一小份而已。雖然從某個程度上來說有助于烘托女孩，但它也會不斷融合女孩們對于外表的認知。）由此可推理，粉色只是在一方面烘托女孩特質，由此可知粉色只是其中的一個方面，還會有其他方面，因此A選項“不應該是少女時期的唯一代表”正確，符合題意。B選項“不應與女孩的純真聯系在一起”，根據原文Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.（然后，它表示了這種聯系，甚至在兩歲的孩子之間，不僅能夠說明女孩是天真的，而且也能作為天真的證據。）由此可知，作者認為粉色和天真是有關聯的。C選項“不能說明女孩缺乏想象力”，D選項“不能影響女孩的生活和興趣”，均與題意不符。故選A。

18.推理判斷題。定位在第三段Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原來沒有意識到市場營銷趨勢對我們觀念的巨大影響，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他們的心理發展這種核心信念。）由此可以推論出市場營銷可以在很大程度上影響我們對孩子的心理發展的認識。因此A選項“兒童產品的營銷”正確，符合題意。B選項“對兒童天性的觀察”，C選項“兒童行為研究”，D選項“兒童消費研究”均不符題意，可排除。故選A。

19.推理判斷題。定位在第四段Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becamecommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（貿易出版物給百貨商場提議，要增加銷售，應該在嬰兒服裝和兒童服裝之間創造“第三過渡階段”服裝，這個詞成為“蹣跚學步者”之后的常見銷售術語，后來演變為人們廣泛接受的孩子發展階段。事實證明，將兒童或成人分成更小的類別是提高利潤的可靠方法。）由此可知他們的建議就是細化年齡階段來推廣產品以擴大利潤。因此C選項“將消費者分成更小的群體”正確，符合題意。A選項“關注嬰兒服裝和較大兒童服裝”，B選項“對不同性別同重視”，D選項“創建一些常用術語”均不符題意，可排除。故選C。

20.推理判斷題。A選項“從她們天性中能夠清楚地解釋出來”，定位到第二段Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it’snot.（女孩對粉色的喜愛似乎是不可避免的，這是基因決定的，但美國研究的副教授喬?保萊蒂認為，事實并非如此。）錯誤。B選項“服裝制造商完全理解”，定位在第三段的最后一句itwaspopularizedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.（它在20世紀30年代被服裝制造商作為營銷手段推廣）服裝制造商只會制造噱頭從中謀利。錯誤，可排除。C選項“被心理專家解讀得很好”，與題意無關，可排除。D選項“受利潤驅使的商人的影響”正確，符合題意。根據原文Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.（我原來沒有意識到市場營銷趨勢對我們觀念的巨大影響，比如什么是孩子的天性，包括他們的心理發展這種核心信念。）以及Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.（事實證明，將兒童或成人分成越來越小的類別是提高利潤的可靠方法。）Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences—orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.（而細分市場最簡單的方法之一就是放大性別差異——或者在以前不存在性別差異的地方創造出性別差異。）由此可知女生對粉色的喜愛主要是市場營銷下的一種體現。故選D。

17.單選題

Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.

問題1選項

A.hindrance

B.misfortune

C.catastrophe

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項hindrancen.障礙，妨礙；Bmisfortunen.不幸，災禍，災難；C選項catastrophen.大災難，災禍；D選項threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長是對地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據句意可知D項正確。

18.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismissitisnotintuition—conditionedasthelatterisbyunexaminedculturalassumptions—butsimplelogic.（1）

Yousee,themovementfrom“consciousnessistheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld”to“subatomicparticlesareconscious”reliesonaflawedlogicalbridge:itattributestothatwhichexperiencesastructurediscernibleonlyintheexperienceitself.

Theconceptofsubatomicparticlesismotivatedbyexperimentswhoseoutcomesareaccessibletousonlyintheformofconsciousperception.（2）

Evenwhendelicateinstrumentationisused,theoutputofthisinstrumentationisonlyavailabletousasperception.Thoseexperimentsshowthattheimagesonthescreenofperceptioncanbedividedupintoever-smallerelements,untilwereachalimit.Atthislimit,wefindthesmallestdiscernibleconstituentsoftheimages,whicharethusakintopixels.Assuch,subatomicparticlesarethe“pixels”ofexperience,notnecessarilyoftheexperiencer.Thelatterdoesnotfollowfromtheformer.

（3）Therefore,thatlivingbodiesaremadeofsubatomicparticlesdoesnotnecessarilysayanythingaboutthestructureoftheexperiencer:abodyisitselfanimageonthescreenofperceptionandsowillnecessarilybe“pixelated”insofarasitisperceived.Suchpixilationreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthescreenofperception,notnecessarilythestructureofthesubjectitself.Asananalogy,thepixelatedimageofapersononatelevisionscreenreflectstheidiosyncrasiesofthetelevisionscreen;itdoesnotmeanthatthepersonherselfismadeupofpixels.

Ithussubmitthatconsciousnessisindeedtheintrinsicnatureofthephysicalworld,butsubatomicparticlesandotherinanimateobjectsarenotconscioussubjects.（4）

Afterall,asFreyaMatthewspointedout,theboundariesofinanimateobjectsaremerelynominal—wheredoestheriverstopandtheoceanbegin?Whereasthoseofconscioussubjectsareunambiguouslydeterminedby,forinstance,therangeofthesubjects'internalperceptions.Soinanimateobjectscannotbeconscioussubjects.

Withinanimateobjectsexcluded,onlylivingorganismsandtheinanimateuniverseasawholecanbeconscioussubjects.Thisway,asalivingnervoussystemistheextrinsicappearanceofanorganism'sinnerexperiences,sotheinanimateuniverseasawholeistheextrinsicappearanceofuniversalinnerexperiences.Circumstantially,theinanimateuniverseatitslargestscaleshasindeedbeenfoundtostructurallyresembleanervoussystem.（5）

Underthisview,thereisnothingitfeelsliketobeaspoonorastone,forthesamereasonthatthereisnothingitfeelsliketobe—atleastasfarasyoucanassessthroughintrospection—oneofyourneuronsinandofitself.Thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobeyournervoussystemasawhole—thatis,you.Analogously,thereisonlysomethingitfeelsliketobetheinanimateuniverseasawhole.

【答案】1.仔細想想，從“意識是物理世界的本質”到“亞原子粒子有自由意志”的轉變建立在一個有瑕疵的邏輯之上。這種有瑕疵的邏輯屬于那種體驗者，它將本身視作一種只有在體驗中才能辨別的結構。

2.即使（在實驗中）我們使用了精密的儀器，但儀器的輸出結果也只能通過感知的方式獲取。這些實驗表明，我們的感知之屏上放映的圖像可以進一步分化成更小的成分，直到不可再分。

3.因此，生命體是由亞原子粒子構成，這并不一定說明了體驗者的結構。一個身體本身就是感知屏幕上的一個圖像，因此只要它被感知到，就必然會被“像素化”。

4.畢竟，正如弗萊婭?馬修斯所指出的那樣，無生命物體的邊界只是象征性的——河流止于何處，海洋源于何處?而那些有意識的主體的界限則是明確的，可以由主體的內部感知范圍確定。

5.以這種觀點看，沒有勺子或石頭的內在體驗，同樣，你的神經元本身也不具有什么內在體驗，至少你通過自省就可以察覺到。

19.單選題

Itisnecessarythathe（

）theassignmentwithoutdelay.

問題1選項

A.handin

B.handsin

C.musthandin

D.hastohandin