ComparisonofthesowmanagementconceptionandnutritionprograminUnitedStatesandChina

中美母豬飼養管理和理念及其營養方案的比較

Dr.Ganfeng(Ian)Yi易敢峰博士SeniorAssistantGeneralManager資深協理AnimalNutritionR&D動物營養研發DaChanNortheastAsiaCorp.Beijing,P.R.China全國母豬營養與飼養管理技術研討會湖南長沙,2006年5月27日Part1Pigproductionphilosophy養豬生產的理念和哲學IntegrationofAnimal/FeedProduction飼料，動物生產性能，食品安全，環境和動物福利的和諧統一Factorsimpactanimal/feedproduction

影響動物/飼料生產的因素Profitability$$$利潤=(Genetics遺傳+Sex性別+Nutrition營養+Productionstage&purpose生產階段與目的+Environment環境+Diseasecontrol疾病控制)×

Management管理水平

@marketing市場(策劃，營銷，品牌，規模和預測能力)

Stomach

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Cecum

ColonpH2.5-35-65-66-76-76-7

DiagramfromE.T.Moran,1982PigGITanatomy動物的生殖和生理(豬)Pigproductionsystems

豬養殖環境的差異Segregatedearlyweanedvs.conventionalcontinuous-flowpigs養豬模式與理念的差別HumphreyandKlasing,2004.WorldPoult.Sci.Vol60:90-100Stress,immune,anddiseasechallengeaffectnutrientrequirement應激，免疫，疾病與營養的關系

Epithelialturnoverinthesmallintestine小腸上皮細胞和免疫細胞的周轉

CELLDIVISIONMATURATIONMATURECELLFUNCTION:

ENZYMESECRETIONNUTRIENTUPTAKECELLLOSSINTOINTESTINALLUMEN

MUCINSECRETIONCELLDEATHA,100XB,100XC,100XD,100XCytokineEffectsonOrganSystems細胞因子對器官的影響LymphocyteMacrophageHypothalmusACTHAdrenal

glandCorticosteroidLiverAcutephaseproteinsPituitaryIL1IL6TNFIL1IL6TNFFever-cortisol+DHEAIL6cytokinesPart2

Progressonsownutritionandfeedingmanagement母豬營養和飼養管理研究進展Averagepublishedparityatcullingfrom1960-2000is4.2(+/-0.9)andareportedcullingrateof47%(Stadleretal,2004)SowLongevity-summaryof19publishedstudies

(Stadleretal,2004)Lifetimereproductiveperformanceoffemalepigshavingdistinctreasonsforremoval(Luciaetal,2000)8000Sows0-9+ParitiesReproductiveandLocomotionproblemsprimaryreasonsforremovalofyoungsows(Luciaetal.,2000)TypicalpigperformanceinUSA(KSU,1997)Productivityofswine

MainE.U.SpaincountriesAvgIntegratorSows:Farrow./sow/year>2.32<2.20>2.3Piglets/sow/year>22<18>21Weaning,d 27 21 21Daysto20kg<60>6565Fattening20-100kg:Dailygain,g/d>760650750Feedconversion,g/g<2.60>2.802.65Mortality,%<2>63-5Feedinggestationsows(KSU,1997)AveragedailyfeedintakeTIDandNEsystemforpigs(Nobletetal.,1994)

可消化氨基酸體系和凈能體系RecommendationofIdealAA:Lysfromdifferentsourcesforgestationsows(ondigestiblebasis,%)(Yi,2005)SourceNRCPettigrewNRCHazzledinePICKim&Wu,Kim&WuYi,2005

USIndustryYear/AA198819931998200320032005(d0-70)2005(d70-114)AverageCorn/SBMLysine100100100100100100100100100ArginineNANANANANA89989480-95Histidine34353233NANANA3330-40Isoleucine704859656059566055-65Leucine709895100NA88959190-100MethionineNA2628NA29NANA2827-36Met+Cys5463707071NANA6667-71PheNA5758NANANANA5755-65Phe+Tyr10510199100NANANA10195-105Threonine706780667679717371-76Tryptophan2114202219NANA1917-22Valine746568726765666867-72SourceARCNRCSpeerPettigrewNRCHazzledinePICKim&WuYi,2005

USIndustryYear/AA19811988199019931998200320032005AverageCorn/SBMLysine100100100100100100100100100100Arginine676763NA53NANA1257580-95Histidine394234354040NANA3830-40Isoleucine70656048566056786256-65Leucine1158011098114112NA17611590-100Methionine55NANA2626NA26NA3327-36Met+Cys55604563495549NA5455-62PheNANANA5755NANANA5655-65Phe+Tyr115117105101113114NANA11195-105Threonine70725867626659706659-71Tryptophan19201614181818NA1817-22Valine701007265857685908085-90RecommendationofIdealAA:Lysfromdifferentsourcesforlactationsows(ondigestiblebasis,%)Londonswineconference-Productionattheleadingedge6-7April2005AssociatedchangesinsowbodyweightandbackfatinCamborough22giltsatbreedingandfarrowingAnalyzedfrom2286records,week52,51,50,49,48,47Below14mm=79.00%Between14-16mm=17.20%Above16mm=3.80%BackfatdistributionatCedarcrestHoofProblems:Whyaretheysodifficulttotreat?

VetAgro()DoubleSoleInterdigitalDermatitisSandcrackDoubleSoleIsoflavone大豆黃酮劉根桃等（1999）用Isoflavone飼喂產前妊娠后期母豬23天后，母豬血清中胰島素水平下降40.99％,IGF－Ⅰ水平上升73．40％，顯著高于對照組，母豬產后第4天IGF－Ⅰ水平顯著高于對照組。試驗組產后泌乳量顯著高于對照組。提高IGF-Ⅰ可能是導致母豬泌乳量顯著提高的主要原因。越來越多的研究表明，IGF-Ⅰ在乳腺發育及泌乳中起重要作用。IGF-Ⅰ作用于乳腺組織后，使乳腺血流量增加，并刺激乳腺上皮細胞分化成分泌細胞，從而使乳汁分泌增加。大豆黃酮具有雌激素樣作用，一旦進入體內，可能通過與內源性雌激素受體結合面而發揮生物效應，從而改變母神經內分泌狀態。劉根桃試驗中，泌乳量增加的同時，且初乳中GH、TSH和TGF-Ⅰ含量均顯著高于對照組。母豬的分泌乳性有直接影響仔豬出生后的生長。母乳對于新生哺乳