高級英語6Paraphase-期末考試復習答案高級英語6Paraphase-期末考試復習答案高級英語6Paraphase-期末考試復習答案xxx公司高級英語6Paraphase-期末考試復習答案文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOffMichaelDemarest1"Neverputofftilltomorrow,"exhortedLordChesterfieldin1749,"whatyoucandotoday."Thattheelegantearlnevergotaroundtomarryinghisson'smotherandhadabadhabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefactthateventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever.QuintusFabiusMaximus,oneofthegreatRomangenerals,wasdubbed"Cunctator"(Delayer)forputtingoffbattleuntilthelastpossiblevinumbreak.MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah'sedictstoPharaoh.Hamlet,ofcourse,raisedprocrastinationtoanartform.2Theworldisprobablyaboutevenlydividedbetweendelayersanddo-it-nowers.TherearethosewhopreparetheirincometaxesinFebruary,prepaymortgagesandservepreciselyplanneddinnersatanungodly6:30p.m.Theotherhalfdinehappilyonleftoversat9or10,misplacebillsandfileforanextensionoftheincometaxdeadline.Theyseldompaycredit-cardbillsuntiltheapocalypticvoiceofDinersthreatensdoomfromDenver.Theypostpone,asFaustianencounters,visitstobarbershop,dentistordoctor.3Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.JeanKerr,authorofmanysuccessfulnovelsandplays,saysthatshereadseverysoup-canandjamjarlabelinherkitchenbeforesettlingdowntohertypewriter.Manyawriterfocusesonalmostanythingbuthistask—forexample,ontheCoastandGeodeticSurveyofMaine'sFrenchmanBayandBarHarbor,stimulatinghisimaginationwithnameslikeGooginsLedge,BluntsPond,HioHillandBurntPorcupine,LongPorcupine,SheepPorcupineandBaldPorcupineislands.4FromCunctator'sdayuntilthiscentury,theartofpostponementhadbeenvirtuallyamonopolyofthemilitary("Hurryupandwait"),diplomacyandthelaw.Informertimes,aBritishproconsulfacedwithanativeuprisingcouldcomfortablyruminateaboutthesituationwithSingaporeSlinginhand.Blessedly,hehadnonatteringTelextoorderinmachinegunsandfreshtroops.AU.S.generalaslateasWorldWarIIcouldagreewithhisenemycounterparttotakeasportingdayoff,lootthevillagers'chickensandwineandgobacktobattleadaylater.Lawyersareamongtheworld'smostaddictedpostponers.AccordingtoFrankNathan,anonpost-poningBeverlyHillsinsurancesalesman,"Thenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing."5Evenwherethereisnowill,thereisaway.Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenchronicprocrastinationandpurposefulpostponement,particularlyinthehigherechelonsofbusiness.Corporatedynamicsencouragethecautionthatbreedsdelay,saysRichardManderbach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Henotesthatspeedyactioncanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly.Thedataexplosionfortifiesthoseseekingexcusesforinaction—anotherreporttoberead,anotherauthoritytobeconsulted."Thereisalways,"saysManderbach,"adelicateedgebetweenhavingenoughinformationandtoomuch."6Hispointiswelltaken.Bureaucratization,whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatercomplexityofsociety,wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketsoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal—andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade.ThecentralizationofgovernmentthatledtoWatergatehasspreadtoeconomicinstitutionsandbeyond,makingprocrastinationaworldwidewayoflife.Manylanguagesarestuddedwithphrasesthatrefertoputtingthingsoff—fromtheSpanishma?anatotheArabicbukrafilmishmish(literally"tomorrowinapricots,"moreloosely"leaveitforthesoftspringweatherwhentheapricotsareblooming").7Academealsotakeshighhonorsinprocrastination.BernardSklar,aUniversityofSouthernCalifornia8Psychologistsmaintainthatthemostassiduousprocrastinatorsarewomen,thoughmanypsychologistsare(at$50-plusanhour)prettygooddelayersthemselves.Dr.RalphGreenson,aU.C.L.A.professorofclinicalpsychiatry(andMarilynMonroe'sonetimeshrink),takesafairlygentleviewofprocrastination."Tomanypeople,"hesays,"doingsomething,confronting,isthemomentoftruth.Allfrightenedpeoplewillthenavoidthemomentoftruthentirely,orevadeorpostponeituntilthelastpossiblemoment."ToGeorgiaStatePsychologistJoenPagan,however,procrastinationmaybeakindofsubliminalwayofsortingtheimportantfromthetrivial."WhenIdragmyfeet,there'susuallysomereason,"saysFagan."Ifeelit,butIdon'tyetknowtherealreason."9Infact,thereisalongandhonorablehistoryofprocrastinationtosuggestthatmanyideasanddecisionsmaywellimproveifpostponed.Itissomethingofatruismthattoputoffmakingadecisionisitselfadecision.Theparliamentaryprocessisessentiallyasystemofdelayanddeliberation.So,forthatmatter,isthecreationofagreatpainting,oranentree,orabook,orabuildinglikeBlenheimPalaceUnit3.WallsandBarriers--EugeneRaskin1Myfather'sreactiontothebankbuildingat43rdStreetandFifthAvenueinNewYorkCitywasimmediateanddefinite:“Youwon'tcatchmeputtingmymoneyinthere!"hedeclared."Notinthatglassbox!"2Ofcourse,myfatherisagentlemanoftheoldschool,amemberofthegenerationtowhomagooddealofmodernarchitectureisunnerving;butIsuspect—Imorethansuspect,Iamconvinced—thathisnegativeresponsewasnotsomuchtothearchitectureastoaviolationofhisconceptofthenatureofmoney.3Inhisgenerationmoneywasthoughtofasatangiblecommodity—bullion,banknotes,coins—thatcouldbehefted,carried,orstolen.Consequently,toattractthecustomofasensibleman,abankhadtohaveheavywalls,barredwindows,andbronzedoors,toaffirmthefact,howeveruntrue,thatmoneywouldbesafeinside.Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpregnable,theinstitutionwasnec4Butthatattitudetowardmoneyhasofcoursechanged.Exceptingpocketmoney,cashofanykindisnowrarelyused;moneyasatangiblecommodityhaslargelybeenreplacedbycredit,abookkeeping-bankingmatter.Adeficiteconomy,accompaniedbyhugeexpansion,hasledustothinkofmoneyasaproductofthecreativeimagination.Thebankernolongeroffersusasafe,heoffersusaservice—aserviceinwhichthemostvaluableelementsaredashandacreativeflairfortheinventionoflargenumbers.Itisinnowaysurprising,inviewofthischangeinattitude,thatwearewitnessingthedisappearanceoftheheavy-walledbank.TheManufacturersTrust,whichmyfatherdistrustedsoheartily,isagreatcubicalcageofglasswhosebrilliantlylightedinteriorchallengeseventhebrightnessofasunnyday,whilethedoortothevault,farfrombeingsecludedandguarded,issetoutasawindowdisplay.5Justastheolderbankasserteditsinvulnerability,thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofitsimaginativepowers.Fromthispointofviewitishardtosaywherearchitectureendsandhumanassertionbegins.Infact,thereisnosuchdivision;thetwoareoneandthesame.6Itisintheunderstandingofarchitectureasamediumfortheexpressionofhumanattitudes,prejudices,taboos,andidealsthatthenewarchitecturalcriticismdepartsfromclassicalaesthetics.Thelatterrelieduponpureproportion,composition,etc.,asbasesforartisticjudgment.Intheageofsociologyandpsychology,wallsarenotsimplywallsbutphysicalsymbolsofthebarriersinmen’sminds.7Inaprimitivesociety,forexample,menpicturedtheworldaslarge,fearsome,hostile,andbeyondhumancontrol.Thereforetheybuiltheavywallsofhugeboulders,behindwhichtheycouldfeelthemselvestobeinadelimitedspacethatwascontrollableandsafe;theseheavywallsexpressedman’sfearoftheouterworldandhisneedtofindprotection,howeverillusory.Itmightbearguedthattheundevelopedtechnologyoftheperiodprecludedtheconstructionofmoredelicatewalls.Thisisofcoursetrue.Stillitwasnottechnology,butafearfulattitudetowardtheworld,whichmadepeoplewanttobuildwallsinthefirstplace.Thegreaterthefear,theheavierthewall,untilinthetombsofancientkingswefindstructuresthatarepracticallyallwall,thefeatofdissoluti8Andthenthereisthequestionofprivacy—forishasbecomequestionable.InsomeMediterraneanculturesitwasnotsomuchtheworldofnaturethatwasfeared,buttheworldofmen.Menweredirty,prying,vile,anddangerous.Onewentabout,ifonecouldaffordit,inguardedlitters,womenwentaboutheavilyveiled,ifthewentaboutatall.Ones’housewassurroundedbyawall,andtheroomsfacednotout,butin,towardapatio,expressingtheprevalentconvictionthatthebeautiesandvaluesoflifeweretobefoundbylookinginward,andbyengagingintheintimateactivitiesofapersonalasagainstapubliclife.Therichintricaciesofthedecorativeartsoftheperiodaswellasitscontemplativephilosophiesareasillustrativeofthisattitudeasthewallsthemselves.9Wefeeldifferenttoday.Foronething,weplacegreaterrelianceuponthecontrolofhumanhostility,notsomuchbyphysicalbarriers,asbytheconventionsoflawandsocialpractice—aswellastheavailabilityofmotorizedpolice.Wedonotcherishprivacyasmuchasdidourancestors.Weareproudtohaveourwomenseenandadmired,andthesamegoesforourhomes.Wedonotseeksolitude;infact,ifwefindourselvesaloneforonce,weflickaswitchandinvitethewholeworldinthroughthetelevisionscreen.Smallwonder,then,thattheheavysurroundingwallisobsolete,andwebuild,instead,membranesofthinsheetmetalorglass.10Theprincipalfunctionoftoday’swallistoseparatepossiblyundesirableoutsideairfromthecontrolledconditionsoftemperatureandhumiditywhichwehavecreatedinside.Glassmayaccomplishthisfunction,thoughthereareapparentlyagoodmanypeoplewhostillhavequalmsabouteating,sleeping,anddressingunderconditionsofhighvisibility;theydemandwallsthatwillatleastgivethemasenseofadequatescreening.Buttheseshyonesareavanishingbreed.ThePhilipJohnsonhouseinConnecticut,whichismuchadmiredandwidelyimitated,hasglasswallsallthewayaround,andtheonlyrealprivacyistobefoundinthebathroom,thetoilettetaboobeingstillunbroken,atleastinConnecticut.11Torepeat,itisnotouradvancedtechnology,butourchangingconceptionsofourselvesinrelationtotheworldthatdeterminehowweshallbuildourwalls.Theglasswallexpressesman’sconvictionthathecananddoesmasternatureandsociety.The“openplan”andtheunobstructedviewareconsistentwithhisfaithintheeventualsolutionofallproblemsthroughtheexpandingeffortsofscience.Thisisperhapswhyitisthemost“advanced”and“forward-looking”amonguswholiveandworkinglasshouses.Eventhefearofthecaststonehasbeenanalyzedoutofus.From:T.Cooley,pp.194-199第一課;1\Nothinginlifeismoreexcitingandrewardingthanthesuddenflashofinsightthatleavesyouachangedperson–notonlychanged,butchangedforthebetter.答;Themostinspiringandgratifyingfactoflifeistheunexpectedsparkofenlightenmentthatmakesyoudifferentandabetterpersonthanbefore.2\Hecameacrossthestreet,finally,muffledinhisancientovercoat,shapelessfelthatpulleddownoverhisbaldhead,lookingmorelikeanenergeticgnomethananeminentpsychiatrist.答:Atlasthewalkedoverfromtheothersideofthestreetwrappedinhisold-fashionedovercoat,hisbaldheadcoveredbyashapelessfelthat.Helookedlikeadwarfisholdmanfullofenergyratherthanawell-knownpsychiatrist.3\Thewomanwhospokenexthadnevermarriedbecauseofasenseofobligationtoherwidowedmother;sherecalledbitterlyallthemaritalchancesshehadletgoby.答:Thenextspeakeronthetapewasawomanwhohadremainedsinglebecauseshethoughtshewasobligedtotakecareofhermotherwhowasawidow.Shestillrememberedandtoldothersmiserablyaboutallthechancesofmarriageshehadmissed.4\Intheend,ifyouletitbecomeahabit,itcanbecomearealroadblock,anexcusefornottryinganymore.答;Eventually,ifyouformahabitofsaying“ifonly”,thephrasecanreallyturntoanobstruction,providingyouwithanexcuseforgivinguptryinganythingatall.5\…younevergotoutofthepasttense.Notoncedidyoumentionthefuture.答：youarealwaysthinkingofthepast,regrettingandlamenting.Youdidnotlookforwardtowhatyoucandointhefutureatall.6\“My,my,”saidtheOldManslyly.“Ifonlywehadcomedowntensecondssooner,we’dhavecaughtthatcab,wouldn’twe”

Ilaughedandpickedupthecue.“NexttimeI’llrunfaster.”答：TheOldMansaidtometrickily,usingthephrase“ifonly”onpurpose,“Ifonlywe’dgotheretensecondsearlier,we’dhavecaughtthecab.”Ilaughedandunderstoodwhathemeant.SoIfollowedhisadviceandsaid,“NexttimeI’llrunfaster”.第二課1\MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh.Hamlet.答;MosesjustifiedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah’sordertoPharaoh,sayingthathewas“slowofspeech”.2\Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.答;Delayleadstoproblems.However,inmanycases,itcanoftenstimulatethecreativityinanartist。3\Henotesthatspeedyactioncanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly.答;Hepointsoutthathastinessmaygiverisetodecisionwhichturnsouttobehumiliatingorexpensive.4\Bureaucratization,whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatcomplexityofsociety,wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketsoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal–andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade.答;Excessivered-tape(官樣文章；繁文縟節)developedbecausepublicadministrationwasexpandinginscopeandbecausesocietywasgrowingmoreandmorecomplicated.Inthissense,red-tapehelpedthoseinchargeofpolicytobefullyengagedinenormousamountofpaperworkandjudgment,thusmakingitimpossibleoranimmaturedecisiontoresult。5\…manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage.答;…manyofmyfriendshaveahardtimethemomenttheyattempttoputpentopaper.第三課1\Ofcourse,myfatherisagentlemanoftheoldschool,amemberofthegenerationtowhomagooddealofmodernarchitectureisunnerving;butIsuspect—Imorethansuspect,Iamconvinced—thathisnegativeresponsewasnotsomuchtothearchitectureastoaviolationofhisconceptofthenatureofmoney.答：Broughtupintheoldtradition,myfatherisnaturallynotpreparedtoaccepttheideaofmodernarchitecture;hisobjectiontoit,Iwouldassume,indeedIshouldsayIamprettysure,isnotaresultofhisstrongdislikeofthephysicalbuildingitself,butratherthatofhisrefusaltochangehisattitudetowardsmoney.2\Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpregnable,theinstitutionwasnecessarilysound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.答;Ifabuildingwasmadetolookinvulnerable,itwouldbeaccordinglyregardedasreliable,andthesignificanceofthethickwallswouldbemeasurednotbytheirartisticvalue,butbytheirseemingabilitytoprovideasafelocationformoney.3\Inaprimitivesociety,forexample,menpicturedtheworldaslarge,fearsome,hostile,andbeyondhumancontrol.答;Peopleinaprimitivesociety,forexample,sawtheworldasanenormousplanetfulloffear,hatredanddisorder.4\Theprincipalfunctionoftoday’swallistoseparatepossiblyundesirableoutsideairfromthecontrolledconditionsoftemperatureandhumiditywhichwehavecreatedinside.答;Todayawallservesmainlyasaphysicalmeanstoprotectthedesiredatmosphereinsidefrombeingdisturbedbyanythingunwelcomeoutside。5\Torepeat,itisnotouradvancedtechnology,butourchangingconceptionsofourselvesinrelationtotheworldthatdeterminehowweshallbuildourwalls.答;Again,thedecisivefactorthatcaninfluencethedesignofawallisnottheadvancementofscienceandtechnology,butourever-changingattitudetowardsourplaceinthisworld.第四課1\Hewasamanofexuberantfancy,and,withal,ofanauthoritysoirresistiblethat,athiswill,heturnedhisvariedfanciesintofacts.答;Hewasamanrichinwhimsies,andintolerantofanyactboldenoughastochallengehisauthority.Whenhismindcaughtuponsomething,absurdasitmightbe,hewoulddoeverythingtomakesurethatitwasdoneinthewayhewished.2\Wheneverymemberofhisdomesticandpoliticalsystemsmovedsmoothlyinhisappointedcourse,hisnaturewasblandandgenial;butwhenevertherewasalittlehitch,andsomeofhisorbsgotoutoftheirorbits,hewasblanderandmoregenialstill,fornothingpleasedhimsomuchastomakethecrookedstraight,andcrushdownunevenplaces.答;Whenallsubjectsbehavedinsuchamannerastheyweretoldto,hecouldbegentleandkind.Andhecouldevenbemoreso,ifanythingnotconformingtowhatheexpectedshouldoccur,becausethatofferedagreatchanceforhimtoseetheundesirableremoved,athinghewasmostdelightedindoing.3\Hecouldopeneitherdoorhepleased:hewassubjecttonoguidanceorinfluencebutthatoftheaforementionedimpartialandincorruptiblechance.答;Heenjoyedtotalfreedomtochoosewhattodo:hewasnotdirectedorinfluencedbyanyoneastowhichdoortoopen.Theonlythingthatwasdecisiveintermsofhisfatewastheabove-mentionedchance,grantedtoalltheaccusedalike.4\Thiselementofuncertaintylentaninteresttotheoccasionwhichitcouldnototherwisehaveattained.答;Thefactthatnoonecouldtellforsurewhatmighthappen(totheaccused)madethisformoftrialmoreattractivethananyotherformofjustice.5\Thusthemasseswereentertainedandpleased,andthethinkingpartofthecommunitycouldbringnochargeofunfairnessagainstthisplan;fordidnottheaccusedpersonhavethewholematterinhisownhands.答;Thuspeopleenjoyedcomingheretowatch,andthoseguidedbyreasoninthesocietycouldnotpossiblyquestionthefairnessofthisformoftrial;forwasitnotthefactthatalltheaccusedweregivenequalchancestomakedecisionsupontheirowndestiny?

第五課1\Thissemi-barbarickinghadadaughterasbloomingashismostflofid,…….ashisown.答:thissemi-barbarickinghadadaughterasexuberantasthewildestofhisnotions,adaughterwhopossessedanatureasfierceandtyrannicalashisown.2、ofcourse,everybodyknewthatthedeedwith………hadbeendown.答itwas,ofcourse,knowntoallthathewasguiltyoftheoffenseofconductinganaffairwiththeprincess.3\butthekingwouldnotthinkofallowing……delightandsatisfaction.答eventhoughthekingwaswellawarethattheloveaffairhadtakenplace,hewouldstillrefusetoletthenormalmethodofdecidingguiltorinnocencebedisturbed,becausehewasextremelyenthusiasticabouthiswayofsettlingmattersofthiskind.4\butgold,andthepowerofawoman’swill,hadbroughtthesecrettotheprincess.答butbecauseshehadthemoney,andaboveall,becauseherdeterminationwassoirresistible,theprincesswasabletogetaccesstothesecret.5\heunderstoodhernature,andhissoulwasassured…….lookers-on,eventotheking.答heknewhersowellthathewasperfectlypositivethatshewouldneverceasetosearchforthesecret,whichremainedunknowntoallotherspectators,eventothekinghimself.第六課1、thereseemstobeageneralassumptionthatbrilliantpeoplecannot….ordertodotheirbest.答itisgenerallybelievedthatacolorlesslifecanfreezeacreativemindandthatonlyacolorfullifecaninspireamantocreativework.2\theoutstandingcharacteristicofman’s…..intomomentousconsequences.答;oneofthewandershumancreativityworkisthatmancanmakefulluseofeveninsignificantfeelingstoproducefor-readingresults.3\aneventfullifeexhaustsratherthanstimulates.答alifefullofdiversionsstopsman’screativityinsteadofactivatingit.4\itisusuallythemediocrepoets,…..releasetheircreativeflow.答onlyliteraryartistsofanaveragetyperelyonexcitementsinlifeasasourcefortheircreativework.5\peoplewhofinddulljob……withthemselveswhenatleisure.答peoplewhoareunabletoseehowtobepatientwithrepetitionsworkareusuallythosewhoareunabletoseewheretofindfuninlifewhenitcomestorelaxation.第七課1、oneofSocrates’mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly--……fullofparadoxeslifereallywas.答thecontrastbetweenSociates’outwarduglinessandhisinnerstrengthssievedtodrawtheattentionofhisnativeandhandsomefollowerstothefactthatthereweremanysuchstrangecontrastsinthe