PETROLEUM

12022/11/102Teammembers32022/11/10Originallytheprimaryuseofpetroleumwasasalightingfuel.Theappearanceoftheautomobilemakesoilbeaproductinhighdemand.4WorldWarIwastherealcatalystforpetroleumproduction.52022/11/10Althoughourautombilesandotherformsoftransportdoconsumethehighestquan--tityofpetroleumitisusedforavastarrayofapplications.6Bitumenisusedforpavingroad,formingtheblacktop,itisalsoanexcellentwaterrepellentandisusedinroofing.72022/11/10·95%ofthecountry'stotalexport·75%ofnationalincome·45%ofGDPChina'soilreservesof6billiontons,istheninthlargestintheworld.82022/11/10Chinahasrichoilreserves，butduetothedevelopmentoftheeconomyandtheincreaseofprivatecars,thedemandforoilisincreasing.Soitiswithexternaldependency.92022/11/1010Worldpetroleumproductconsumption11

Theworld’sconsumptionofpetroleumproductsreachedarecordhighof88.9millionb/din2012,asdecliningconsumptioninNorthAmericaandEuropewasmorethanoutpacedbygrowthinAsiaandotherregions.12TotalPetroleumConsumption(ThousandBarrelsPerDay)Country20082009201020112012UnitedStates19497.96718771.39719180.12818882.0718490.215China7467.51978539.72549330.17599852.08010276.825Japan4798.15414389.86794455.46194470.7344726.3391Russia2906.03992950.42682992.09123115.0283195.4742India2863.99803112.73603255.39113410.5443621.7505World84696.92084917.65087527.34688743.9189406.61113Asianconsumptionby4.4millionb/dtheworld’slargestpetroleum-consumingregionChinaandIndia14Europeanconsumptiondeclinedconsecutivelysince2006weakeconomicperformanceandgovernmentpolicies780,000b/din2009and570,000b/din201215UShigheroilpricesincreasedfuelefficiencyoflight-dutyvehiclesMotorgasolineconsumptionfellby290,000in201216AlternativestopetroleumAlternativestopetroleum-basedvehiclefuelsAlternativestousingoilinindustryAlternativestoburningpetroleumforelectricity1718OilProducts

Oilproductsareanyoil-basedproductswhichcanbeobtainedbydistillationandarenormallyusedoutsidetherefiningindustry.Theexceptionstothisarethosefinishedproductswhichareclassifiedasrefineryfeedstocks.1920SolventoilMotorgasolineAviationkeroseneKeroseneDieseloilLubricantsParaffinwaxesBitumen21

Theflowofoilchangingpatternofworldpoliticalandeconomic,aslongasnoneofthenewfueltoreplacepetroleum,petroleuminternationalcompetitionwillnotstop.22Petroleumandwar23Oilresourcesaffectacountry‘seconomicdevelopmentandnationalsecurity，Lookfromthepast100years,numerousarmedconflictsandwarsarecausedbyoilpetroleum

24MiddleEastWarGulfWarIraqwarOilWar25Time：

1948~1982Alarge-scaleArab-IsraeliwarintheMiddleEastregionsCause：Location

Conflictforoil

LackofwaterReligiousconflictsMiddleEastWar26Fivesea：ArabianSea,RedSea,MediterraneanSea,BlackSea,CaspianSeaThreecontinents：Asia,Europe,AfricaLocation27Location28MiddleEastistheworld's

largest

oilreservesand

oil

producing

regionsConflictforoil29Conflictforoil30Conflictforoil31MiddleEastWar32Time：August2，1990--February28，1991AregionalwarbetweentheUS-ledmultinationalforcecomposedof34countriesandIraqGulfWar33

PracticalreasonsRulersfactorsGulfWarCauseAftertheoccupationofKuwaitIraqwillhas1/5oftheworld'soilreserves,byraisingpricestorepaythedebtowedundertheIran-IraqwarthedictatorshipofSaddamHussein,hopingoccupationandannexationofKuwait.34Time：March20，2003--December18，2011Cause:AmericansuspicionthatIraqpossessedweaponsofmassdestructionIraqwar35Results:TheU.S.achievedad