書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-成都中醫藥大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問題1選項

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問題2選項

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問題3選項

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問題4選項

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問題5選項

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場體制、管理體制和傳統體制。）文章第一段就點明了三種不同類型的經濟體系：市場體系、行政管理體系和傳統體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒有解釋有關經濟學方面的知識，也沒有表示哪一種經濟體系更優越，因此A選項“概述不同類型的經濟制度”正確。B選項“來解釋經濟學”，是作者沒有解釋的；C選項“論證單一經濟體系的優越性”，作者在文中是沒有論述的；D選項“比較易貨市場和貨幣交換市場”，只是市場體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經濟中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務。）通過這句話可以看出，在易貨經濟中，可見這種有形的物物交換對交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒有那么容易，因此D選項“對交易者的困難”正確。A選項“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點；B選項“誤解，誤會”這一點原文并沒有提到；C選項“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經濟體現的。

3.推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到倒數第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計劃顯示了不同公司生產的每種商品的數量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場的相關規定，而最高級的規定制定就來自于政府，因此D選項正確。A選項“個體戶”，他們只是經濟的參與者；B選項“小企業”，沒有這個權利；C選項“大公司”，仍然沒有政府的等級高。

4.判斷推理題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個人在經濟體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習慣風俗來決定的），可以得出只有B選項“年齡”是沒有提到的，因此B選項正確。A選項“家庭背景”；C選項“宗教信仰”；D選項“風俗”都是提到了的。

5.語義推斷題。根據題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經濟中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來在易貨經濟中交易的都是一些實在的物品，因此A選項“用貨物、財產等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項“一個單位”原文沒有提及；C選項“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

2.單選題

Beforethedisastrousearthquaketherewas（）chaos.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.ominous

C.suspending

D.imminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項massive“巨大的，大量的”；B選項ominous“預兆的，不吉利的”；C選項suspending“暫停，延緩”；D選項imminent“即將發生的，臨近的”，句意：在災難性的地震發生之前，發生了大規模的混亂。結合句意，只有A選項符合。

3.單選題

Tomhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltgreatly（

）afteramealandarest.

問題1選項

A.renewed

B.refrained

C.resumed

D.efreshed

【答案】D

【解析】renew更新，復興，重新開始；refrain節制，克制；resume重新開始，繼續；refresh恢復精神。句意：湯姆本來已經筋疲力盡了，但吃過飯休息一會兒以后，他又恢復了精神。選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

問題1選項

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項demand“要求；需求”，indemandof非固定搭配，demandforsth.“要求某物”；B選項requirement“必需品；必備條件”；C選項question“疑問；議題；困惑”；D選項quest“探索，尋找”，inquestofsth.“尋找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房間四下看，______椅子來坐。根據語境，這里指在房間里到處看，想找把椅子坐，D選項quest“探索，尋找”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

問題1選項

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項concession“讓步，妥協”；B選項submission“屈服，投降，歸順”；C選項transmission“傳遞，傳播”；D選項recession“經濟衰退，經濟萎縮”。由whether...or...（是……還是……）可知空格處與boom（繁榮）所表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：很難判斷我們將迎來經濟的繁榮還是衰退。

6.單選題

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

問題1選項

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

問題2選項

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

問題3選項

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

問題4選項

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，這種酸會改變魚類的血液化學成分。與此同時，這些金屬對某些物種的鰓系統造成了不可逆轉的損害，如鱸魚和海參。隨著毒素濃度的增加，卵孵化減少，畸形胚胎的數量增加。”可知A項正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我們比以往任何時候知道更多關于酸雨及其影響，這似乎是一個前所未有的監管解決方案?！笨芍狢項正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二個原因是北美土壤的化學組成不同，西方土壤相對豐富的鎂和鈣碳酸鹽中和化合物，但東部粗糙、淺層土壤的這種緩沖能力要小得多?！笨芍狝項西部土壤中的元素中和了這種酸正確。

4.細節事實題。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）對金屬結構的腐蝕在該國（美國）迎風的地區是顯而易見的，不過該腐蝕所帶來的損害在酸雨所帶來的損害名單上卻是相對較小的?！笨芍狣項正確。

7.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項consent“同意，準許”；C選項abide“忍受”；D選項comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒絕遵守法律的人將受到懲罰。complywith意為“遵守”，所以選項D正確。

8.單選題

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto（）,it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

問題1選項

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。cutoff"切斷,中斷";carryaway"運走;失去自制力";turnof"關閉";wearoff"逐漸減少,逐漸消失"。句意:既然慶祝的激情已經開始逐漸消失,那么是時候把奧林匹克理想變成現實了。

9.單選題

Itisaninescapablefactthattomostpeople______whenfailingpowersofmindorbodymakeitimpossibleforthemtomanagetheirdailyliveswithoutsomesortofhelp.

問題1選項

A.whosetimecomes

B.forwhomtimecomes

C.itcomestime

D.therecomesatime

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.whosetimecomes……的時候到了B.forwhomtimecomes對于某人來說時候到了

C.itcomestime時候到了D.therecomesatime有這么一個時候

【考查點】固定句式。

【解題思路】由空格后面的when可知，therecomesatimewhen…為常用的固定句式，表示“……時候到了，有這么一個時候……”。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

Fact后面是that引導的同位語從句，不能用whose或者whom來充當從句中的主語，A、B選項不符合從句語法；

C選項沒有這個用法，排除。

【句意】對大多數人來說，有這么一個時候，當心智或身體力量的衰退使他們在沒有某種幫助的情況下無法管理他們的日常生活，這是一個不可避免的事實。

10.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問題1選項

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語法和形近詞辨析。根據asemblanceof可知，空格應該填入一個名詞，所以選項C可排除。normalization“正?；?；正規化”，norm“標準，規范”；normality“常態”。句意：自從戰爭結束以來，隨著人們去上班和一些商店的重新開張，表面上漸漸地恢復了正常狀態。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個小時電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W后花了很多時間看電視。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里?！笨芍髡邅碜杂趩斡H家庭。故B項正確?！癘urmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級。但她比我們男孩當時所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個清潔工，故C、D項正確。題干問的是哪一項不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變?！笨芍髡吣赣H讓他倆讀書的態度是十分堅決的。故D項正確。

4.細節事實題。根據第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這種體驗與看電視完全不同?！笨芍髡弋敃r并沒有意識到書本給他帶來的新體驗。故D項“他意識到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗”不正確。

13.單選題

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

問題1選項

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問題2選項

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問題3選項

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問題4選項

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問題5選項

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes，theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.提到盡管在外人看來丹麥有著非常多的有點，但是丹麥人自己并沒有引以為傲，反而他們經常會談論自己國家面積小、語言難懂等缺點，可以看出他們是非常謙虛的，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")提到在某些建筑物上寫著“外國人滾出丹麥”可知部分丹麥人對外國人并不友好，選項A符合題意。

3.文章第三段abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”提到丹麥工商部印發的宣傳冊上宣傳丹麥是世界上最干凈，最有秩序的國家，然而作者緊接著提出丹麥街頭的一些不好的現象，比如有些大樓上寫著“外國人滾出丹麥”、破碎的啤酒瓶，還有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者對工商局的宣傳持不同意的態度。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麥在歐洲的未來是作為代理商、銀行和產品分銷商（itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods），選項C符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到youshouldn’tfeelbadfortaking