書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南昌工程學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

His______mannerismsirritatedmanyofuswhohadknownhimbeforehispromotion.

問題1選項

A.aesthetic

B.adverse

C.adroit

D.affected

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項aesthetic表示“美的，美學的，審美的”，B項adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敵對的”，C項adroit表示“敏捷的，靈巧的”，D項affected表示“受到影響的，（人或行為）做作的，假裝的”。根據irritatedmanyofus（激怒了我們很多人）可知，“做作的”符合語境。句意：他裝模作樣的舉止激怒了我們中很多在他升職前就認識他的人。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問題1選項

A.sustain

B.yield

C.endure

D.expose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們更好地利用時間，并且在有壓力的工作中也不會……疲勞。sustain“維持（生命、生存）”；yield“屈服，投降”；endure“忍耐”；expose“揭露”。根據“fatigueinstressfuljobs”可以推測劃線單詞的意思是“屈服”，選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】劃線詞的賓語是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，從那些價值觀中……本質。A選項infuse“灌輸；浸漬”；B選項disseminate“宣傳；散步”；C選項extract“提取；提煉”；D選項demonstrate“證明；展示”。聯系句意可知“從那些價值觀中提取本質”邏輯通順，因此C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）consent,itcan（）FERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

問題1選項

A.verify

B.vilify

C.violate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項verify表示“核實，查證”；B選項vilify表示“誹謗，中傷，輕視”；C選項violate表示“違反，侵犯”；D選項vibrate表示“振動，顫動，搖擺”。由句意可知，如果學校在沒有得到學生（或家長）同意的情況下公布學生的姓名和考試成績，它就違反了聯邦法律。因此，violate的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

5.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

問題2選項

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

問題3選項

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

問題4選項

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

問題5選項

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一個觀點是人們的態度決定了他們的行為。所以可推斷接下來的例子都是用來進一步證明這個觀點。選項B符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知認知失調是指個體在兩種或兩種以上的態度之間或行為與態度之間所感知到的任何不一致。可推斷dissonance涉及到不一致的問題。所以告訴孩子用牙線但自己卻不用，就體現了這種認知的不一致。選項D符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他們會通過改變態度，或者改變行為，或者為這種差異找合理的解釋來解決不一致的問題。所以C項“發展合理化的不一致”文章沒有提及。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章第三段首先提到了人們解決不一致性問題的方法，下文舉出了煙草公司高管的例子，可推斷作者用實例來進一步說明人們減少不一致性的具體方法。選項B符合題意。

5.細節理解題。根據文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回報伴隨著高失調，減少不一致的內在張力。所以高回報是可以降低人們減少不一致的欲望。選項A符合題意。同時可排除B選項。根據文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知當態度或行為很重要，或者當他們認為這種不一致是由他們能夠控制的事情造成時，個人會更有動力去減少這種不協調。可排除C選項。D選項提到如果人們能使自己的行為合理化，他們就有可能獲得更高的回報，在文中并未提及。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

問題1選項

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。accomplish“完成，實現，達到”；expire“期滿；終止”；fulfill“履行，實現，滿足”；terminate“終止，結束”。句意：當他的合同被出乎意料地終止時，他極度需要一份新工作。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項fundamentally“根本地”；B選項comparatively“相對地”；C選項certainly“無疑地”；D選項insignificantly“無關緊要地”。句意：計算機革命很可能像工業革命一樣______改變社會。根據語境，這里指的是計算機革命和工業革命一樣對社會的影響重大，A選項fundamentally“根本地”符合題意。題干中提到計算機革命很可能會改變社會，C選項certainly“無疑地”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Appliedscienceis（）discoveringwaystousetheknowledgeoftheoreticalscience.

問題1選項

A.concernedabout

B.combinedwith

C.concernedfor

D.concernedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beconcernedabout“擔心，關心”；becombinedwith“與……聯合”；beconcernedfor“為……擔憂”；beconcernedwith“涉及，參與，關心”。根據后面“探究理論科學知識的運用方法”可知是appliedscience“應用科學”涉及到的具體內容，因此選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

問題1選項

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至連買個面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相當吝嗇。A選項為“嫉妒”；B選項為“悲傷，痛苦”；C選項為“幸運”；D項“吝嗇的，過度節儉”，因此，D項是正確答案。

10.單選題

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

問題1選項

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。nourishment意為“營養，營養品”；realization意為“認識，領會，領悟”；longevity意為“長壽”；oblivion意為“遺忘，昏迷”。

句意：隨著時間的流逝，記憶漸漸淡忘了。

11.單選題

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

問題1選項

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.much

問題2選項

A.love

B.emotion

C.fancy

D.passion

問題3選項

A.pondered

B.enquired

C.asked

D.thought

問題4選項

A.activity

B.adventure

C.excitement

D.danger

問題5選項

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.they

問題6選項

A.original

B.basic

C.clear

D.lonely

問題7選項

A.although

B.still

C.even

D.but

問題8選項

A.one

B.they

C.us

D.we

問題9選項

A.inscribe

B.compose

C.cut

D.write

問題10選項

A.horizontal

B.vertical

C.painless

D.motionless

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查邏輯關系。A選項very表示“非常，很；完全”；B選項such表示“這樣的，如此的”；C選項so表示“如此，這么；確是如此”；D選項much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出現了unexpectedlyalone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤獨的；獨居的）再次提及“孤獨”，因此空格處應表示“如此的，這樣的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，這樣的”。so是副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞；而such是形容詞，修飾名詞。二者后面都接單數可數名詞，但用法不同。so的用法為：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法為：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接復數名詞或不可數名詞，則只能用such，故B項符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

2.考查邏輯關系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知這種感覺應宛如“墜入愛河”一般美好，故可構成“fallinlove墜入愛河”的A項正確。B選項emotion表示“情感；情緒”；C選項fancy表示“幻想；想象力；愛好”；D選項passion表示“激情；熱情”。

3.考查邏輯關系。根據空缺前“Whathadhebeenafraidof”可知，這是作者反問自己，故C選項ask符合句意。A選項ponder表示“仔細考慮；思考；衡量”；B選項enquire表示“詢問；打聽；調查”；D選項think表示“想；認為；想起”。

4.考查邏輯關系。A選項activity表示“活動；行動；活躍”；B選項adventure表示“冒險；冒險精祌；投機活動”；C選項excitement表示“興奮；刺激；令人興奮的事物”；D選項danger表示“危險；危險物；威脅”。根據空格前havingtakentheplunge（在冒險嘗試后）可知，他現在是在冒險，故B選項“冒險”符合句意。

5.考查語法知識。空缺處及之后的canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeye屬于空缺前anyone的后置定語從句。因此，空缺處應為可充當定語從句主語的關系代詞，故A項who正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項original表示“最初的；開始的；獨創的；新穎的”；B選項basic表示“基本的；基礎的”；C選項clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；無罪的”；D選項lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seemstartinglyoriginal以及后文中的Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?可知，如果旁邊有別人，我們會急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的觀點，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本題正確選項為A項。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項although表示“盡管；雖然；但是；然而”；B選項still表示“仍然；但是；盡管如此”；C選項even表示“甚至；即使”；D選項but表示“但是；然而”。根據句意可知，空缺處后的lover應為空缺前others的進一步說明，故C選項“even”符合語境，因此本題正確答案為C項。

8.考查邏輯關系。And連接兩個并列部分，由空缺前“whateverweare”可知，后文應為“whateverwefeel”，故D項we正確。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

9.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項inscribe表示“題獻；銘記;雕”；B選項compose表示“構成；創作，排版；使平靜”；C選項cut表示“切割；剪短；釋放”；D選項write表示“書寫；寫信給；著述”。由空缺后afewpages可知，D選項write符合句意，故本題正確答案為D項。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項horizontal表示“水平的；地平線的；同一階層的”；B選項vertical表示“垂直的；頂點的；縱向的”；C選項painless表示“無痛的；不痛的”；D選項motionless表示“靜止的；不運動的”。由空缺前liedown以及thinkbetter可知，躺著的時候可以更好地思考，故A項horizontal符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

12.單選題

ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryoftheworldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshedied—asshenearlydid—uponherreturntoEngland,herreputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent；herlegendwouldhavecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday—thatgentlevisionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoringeyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,shelivedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar；andduringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthedevotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheirhighestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs；butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetruehistorywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale’sowneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident—scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthefulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld；butitwasonlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositinsecret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganattheverymomentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended.

ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.Thehardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshadunderminedhernervoussystem；herheartwasaffected；shesufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutterphysicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalonewouldsaveher—acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalsotheonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehadneverbeeninthehabitofresting；whyshouldshebeginnow?Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast；now,whentheironwashot,anditwastimetostrike?No；shehadworktodo；and,comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain；invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriendspointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad—possessed—perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.Asshelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictatedletters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.Formonthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest.Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,shewouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat；therewasworktobedone；and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest...whenshehaddoneit.

Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehillsofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewashauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari—thehideousvisionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythatphantom,orshewouldperish.ThewholesystemoftheArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer,theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldsherestwhilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessityweretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,eveninpeaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy?Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethemortalityincivillife.“Youmightaswelltake1,100meneveryyearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem，”shesaid.AfterinspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.“Yes，thisisonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,puttodeath16,000men.”Scutarihadgivenherknowledge；andithadgivenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback—anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebeforeher；butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale’slifewas，whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexcept（）.

2.Paragraph2paintsapictureofawomanwhois（）.

3.TheprimarypurposeofParagraph3isto（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetohismaterialis（）.

5.Inherstatement(Paragraph3,Sentence8)MissNightingaleintendedto（）.

問題1選項

A.lessdramatic

B.lessdemanding

C.lesswell-knowntothepublic

D.moreimportant

問題2選項

A.mentallyshattered

B.stubbornandquerulous

C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable

D.purposefulyettiresome

問題3選項

A.accountforconditionsinthearmy

B.showtheneedforhospitalreform

C.explainMissNightingale’smainconcerns

D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions

問題4選項

A.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails

B.over-inflationofareputation

C.debunkingamyth

D.interpretationaswellasnarration

問題5選項

A.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals

B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving

C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital

D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:南丁格爾女士后五十年的工作，作者認為是費盡心力的，選項Blessdemanding顯然是錯誤的；作者用legend來形容南丁格爾后來在克里米亞的經歷，Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant,雖然不那么廣為人知，但是卻更為重要。選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格爾女士的身體狀況：underminedhernervoussystem,herheartwasaffected,fainting-fits,physicalprostration，這都說明她的身體是虛弱的，但是她卻依然不忘記工作，顯然她的精神依然沒被擊垮，選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段主要講述了南丁格爾女士對軍隊醫療條件的擔憂，選項C符合題意。

第4題:作者講述了南丁格爾女士在克里米亞戰后的生活，整篇文章都是對主人公的贊美，但并沒有吹捧，選項B排除；選項A與C是否定意味，排除，所以選項D符合題意。

第5題:南丁格爾關注的是軍隊的醫療條件，最后一段最后一句話butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy，她認為最迫切的問題就是去救助軍隊里的生命，所以選項B符合題意，她是為了指出普通士兵所生活的不衛生的環境。

13.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

問題1選項

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous

問題2選項

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

問題3選項

A.theythinkofitasimmoral

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

問題4選項

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正確看待雄心壯志，那么它所帶來的健康、名望和對自己命運所帶來的回報，就必須被認為是值得曾經的付出的。可判斷出抱負只有在回報很好地補償了付出的時候，才得以正確看待。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselve