住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經濟貿易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C

D

問題1選項

A.just

B.tobestruck

C.rose

D.beside

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。missdoingsth.意為“避免做某事”，此處表示被動，因此用過去分詞。

試題答案：B;beingstruck

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經過多年的擴張，智能手機市場正處于頂峰狀態。一些企業仍在茁壯成長：中國電信巨頭華為預測，其自身消費設備部門今年的收入將增長約50%。然而，曾經被看成是中國對蘋果公司競爭回應的一家創新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動力。在4月26日，蘋果自己也宣布了較弱的業績。蘋果在大中華地區銷售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設備市場的成熟，消費者的支出也正在轉向服務方面：自2012年以來，數據流量使用一直保持三位數的增長率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區的房價一直在顯著上升。房地產中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱，這在很大程度上是因為現金充裕的買家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產看作是國外經濟動蕩的避風港。然而，在英國的其他地方，房地產市場卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經濟危機期間，實際工資的下降、經濟的不穩定性和對房價暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國人對這些地區房地產的癡迷。

3.翻譯題

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失業和通貨膨脹

最著名的理性預期模型的應用己經是對觀察到的失業率和通貨膨脹之間關系的一種解釋。A.W.Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，聯合王國的失業率與工資通貨膨脹率之間存在著消極關系。在美國也發現了類似的關系，大部分是相同的樣本周期。從那時起，消極的關系已經破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)給出了Phillips關系及其隨后破裂的解釋。最簡單的說法是：這個解釋聲稱，失業和預期外的通貨膨脹之間可能存在穩定的關系。預期外的通貨膨脹可能導致求職者錯估了他們所收到的工資待遇的真實價值，因此才接受了這些工作。如果他們知道真正的實際工資，他們是不會接受的。通過接受這些工作，他們降低了失業率。在這期間，Phillips研究價格水平可能非常的接近隨機理論，即實際通貨膨脹可能約等于預期外的通貨膨脹。從那時起，當通貨膨脹變得更錯綜復雜，實際和預期的通貨膨脹可能有廣泛的分歧。

4.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧，幾個世紀以來人類一直籍以為樂的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏，懂得如何才能使它對我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗過讀好書之樂趣的人吧。

我對人最為感興趣，喜歡結識他們，喜歡了解他們。我認識的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現在作品的字里行間，最后在我的想象中重新顯現。我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會，還有新的語言。

把你的一部分空閑時光用來培養閱讀好書的愛好吧。愛讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂趣，他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食，從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺中，他們從書中吸取的知識積累起來，經過想象力的加工，對將來大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

5.問答題

Theambitiousindividual,farfrom(A)identifyinghimselfandhisfortunestothegroup,wishesto(B)riseaboveit.Theambitiousmanorwoman(C)seestheworldasabattle;rivalrousnessishisorherprincipalemotion:theworldhaslimitedprizestooffer,

andheorshe(D)isdeterminedtogethisorhers.

【答案】

A；改成identifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswith。identifywith認為…等同于，與…一致。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

人們要想得到工作的勝利即得到預想的結果，一定要使自己的思想符合于客觀外界的規律性，如果不符合，就會在實踐中失敗。人們經過失敗之后，也就從失敗中取得教訓，改正自己的思想使之符合外界的規律性，人們就能變失敗為勝利，所謂“失敗乃成功之母”，“吃一塹長一智”，就是這個道理。

【答案】Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourworkasyouexpected,youmustmakeyourthoughtsconformtoobjectiveobjectslawsoftheworld.Ifnot,youwouldbefailinpractice.Afterexperiencingfailure,youwouldlearnlessonsfromfailureandadjustyourthoughtstoobjectivelaws.Youcanturnfailureintovictory,whichiscalled“failureisthemotherofsuccess”and“afallintoapit,againinyourwit”.

7.填空題

Eachmanisateverymomentsubjected（1）severaldifferentsetsoflawbutthereisonlyoneofthesewhichheisfree

（2）

disobey.Asabody,heissubjectedtogravitationand

（3）

disobeyit;ifyouleavehimunsupportedinmid-air,hehasnomorechoiceaboutfalling

（4）

astonehas.Asanorganism,heissubjectedtovariousbiologicallawswhichhecannotdisobeyanymorethan

（5）

animalcan.Thisis,hecannotdisobeythoselawswhichheshares

（6）

otherthings;butthelawwhichispeculiar

（7）

hishumannature,thelawhedoesnotsharewithanimalsorvegetablesorinorganicthings,istheonehecandisobey

（8）

hechooses.

Thislawwas

（9）

theLawofNaturebecausepeoplethoughtthateveryoneknewitbynatureanddidnotneedtobetaught

（10）

.Theydidnotmean,ofcourse,thatyoumightnotfindanoddindividualhereandthere

（11）

didnotknowit,justasyoufindafewpeoplewhoarecolor-blindorhave

（12）

earforatune.Buttakingtheraceasa

（13）

,theythoughtthatthehumanideaofdecentbehaviorwasobvioustoeveryone.Therehave

（14）

differencesbetweenpeople’smoralitiesindifferentcivilizationsandages,

（15）

thesehaveneveramounted

（16）anythinglikeatotaldifference.Menhavedifferedasregardswhatpeople

（17）

oughttobeunselfishto,whetheritwasonlyyourownfamily,oryourfellowcountrymen,oreveryone,buttheyhavealwaysagreedthatyouought

（18）

toputyourselffirst.Menhavedifferedastowhetheryoushouldhave

（19）

wifeorfour,buttheyhavealways

（20）

thatyoumustnotsimplyhaveanywomanyouliked.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。besubjectedto意為“服從于……，受限于……”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。根據句中的but可知句子前后表示轉折。befreeto意為“不受約束”，與前面句意進行對比。

試題答案：to

3.考查上下文語義。根據后面的“hehasnomorechoice...hecannotdisobey”可知他不能違抗重力。

試題答案：cannot

4.考查比較級。根據前面的“hasnomorechoice”可知此處是將人類與石頭進行比較。than意為“與……比較”。

試題答案：than

5.考查不定冠詞。“a/an+單數可數名詞”表示類別，a用在輔音音素開頭的單數可數名詞前；an則用在元音因素開頭的單數可數名詞前。

試題答案：an

6.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與…分享”，與后面的“hedoesnotsharewithanimals”相對應。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。bepeculiarto意為“為…所獨有的”。

試題答案：to

8.考查連詞。根據空格前“theonehecandisobey”與空格后“hechooses”可知此處表示條件關系，用連詞if。

試題答案：if

9.考查上下文語義。這個法則被稱為自然法則，用call的過去分詞called。

試題答案：called

10.考查代詞。根據前面的“everyoneknewit”可知此處表示不需要被教它，填it。

試題答案：it

11.考查關系代詞。從句中缺少主語且先行詞“anoddindividual（一個古怪的人）”指人，因此填who。

試題答案：who

12.考查上下文語義。根據前面的“whoarecolor-blind（色盲）”和空格前的“or”連接兩個并列的成分。havenoearfor意為“對……沒有欣賞能力”，與color-blind相對應。

試題答案：no

13.考查固定搭配。asawhole意為“整體而言”。此處表示“就這個種族整體而言”。

試題答案：whole

14.考查時態。根據后面的“haveneveramounted”可知此處應該用現在完成時，be的過去分詞為been。

試題答案：been

15.考查連詞。根據前面的difference與后面的havenever可知此處表示轉折關系，用連詞but。

試題答案：but

16.考查介詞搭配。amountto意為“發展成為；共計”。

試題答案：to

17.考查上下文語義。根據后面的youought可知此處填對應的代詞you。

試題答案：you

18.考查上下文語義。根據句子開頭的轉折連詞but，但你不應該把自己放在第一位，因此填表示否定的副詞not。

試題答案：not

19.考查上下文語義。根據后面的four可知此處為數詞，wife為單數形式，因此填數詞one。

試題答案：one

20.考查上下文語義。根據第18空前面的buttheyhavealwaysagreedthat可知此處填agreed，與其相對應。

試題答案：agreed

8.問答題

InemergingeconomieslikethatinEasternEurope,therearefearsthatgrowingjoblessness

A

mightencourageamoveawayfromfree-market,pro-Westernpolicies,whileindeveloping

B

countriesunemploymentcouldbolstereffortstoprotectlocalindustriesattheexpenseofglobal

C

D

trade.

【答案】試題答案：A;those

【解析】考查代詞。mergingeconomies為復數形式，因此代詞要用相應的復數形式，that的復數為those。

9.問答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

tout(inparagraph3)

topple(inparagraph5)

intervention(inparagraph8)

elapse(inparagraph10)

stoke(inparagraph10)

intensify(inparagraph10)

grazing(inparagraph11)

woe(inparagraph13)

TheabovearticlementionedthewidelycitedeaseofthewarinDarfur,(thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis...”Why?Somepeoplecallclimaticchangea“threatmultiplier”.Whatdoesthatmean?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。此處表示這個預言幾乎被視為至理名言。becloseto意為“接近，靠近”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。此處表示氣候變化引來的影響。usherin意為“引入，引領”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。pluckfromtheair意為“空穴來風，無中生有”。

試題答案：from

4.考查介詞搭配。undertheauspices意為“在……的贊助下”。

試題答案：under

5.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：觀點之一是尋求歷史上環境改變與伴隨之的政治、經濟、軍事變革的聯系。comealongside意為“隨之而來”。

試題答案：alongside

6.考查介詞搭配。vulnerableto意為“易受……，易于……”。

試題答案：to

7.考查介詞搭配。inpart意為“在某種程度上，部分地”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。during意為“在……期間”。

試題答案：during

9.考查介詞搭配。atbest意為“至多，充其量”。

試題答案：at

10.考查介詞搭配。about意為“關于……”。

試題答案：about

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

1.試題答案：危言聳聽的人，制造恐慌的人

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

2.試題答案：世界末日的

tout(inparagraph3)

3.試題答案：吹捧，吹噓

topple(inparagraph5)

4.試題答案：推翻，打倒

intervention(inparagraph8)

5.試題答案：介入，干涉

elapse(inparagraph10)

6.試題答案：消逝

stoke(inparagraph10)

7.試題答案：煽動，激起

intensify(inparagraph10)

8.試題答案：增強，加劇

grazing(inparagraph11)

9.試題答案：牧場，草場

woe(inparagraph13)

10.試題答案：災難

Becausetheclimatechange,tosomedegree,resultedinthewarinDarfur.TheaveragerainfallinDarfurfellsharply,whichcausedtheclashesovergrazing,displacementofvillagesandeventuallyresultedinthehorrificwar.

ItmeansthatclimatechangehasintensifiedthethreatenofDarfur,becauseEnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight.

10.翻譯題

雖然美國總統奧巴馬公開號召美國民眾購買股票，但是由于投資者信心渙散，市場上難尋買家。3月5日，紐約股市三大股指跌幅全部超過4%，其中道瓊斯指數自2日跌破7000點后又跌破6600點，創出自1997年4月以來的新低。導致當天紐約股市受重挫的直接原因是美國最大的汽車制造商通用汽車公司可能破產的消息。通用汽車公司在向美國證券交易委員會提交的報告中說，審計機構認為按照目前的狀況公司很難繼續生存下去。通用汽車公司表示，如果重組計劃無法通過政府審核，公司將申請破產保護。由于通用汽車公司破產可能引發的連鎖反應將嚴重打擊美國經濟，本以為奧巴馬政府有望解決汽車業巨頭困境的投資者紛紛拋售通用汽車公司的股票，導致該公司股票暴跌。

【答案】

AlthoughtheUnitedStatesPresidentBarackObamapubliclycalledonAmericanstobuyshares,it’shardtofindbuyersinstockmarketbecauseoftheshakyconfidenceofinvestors.OnMarch5,thethreemajorstockindexesinNewYorkstockmarketallfellover4%,amongwhichtheDowJonesIndexagainfellbelow6600pointsafterfallingbelow7000pointsonMarch2,hittinganewlowsinceApril1997.ThedirectreasonwhichcausedsuchgreatsetbackoftheNewYorkstockmarketonthatdayisthenewswhichsaidthatGeneralMotorsCorporation(GM),theAmerica’sbiggestcarmaker,couldgobankrupt.InareportsubmittedtotheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionGMsaidthattheauditinstitutionthinkitisverydifficulttosurviveaccordingtoitscurrentsituation.GMsaidthatiftherestructuringplanwasnotapprovedbygovernment,thecompanywillfileforbankruptcyprotection.AchainreactionprobablyresultingfromGM'sbankruptcywillhitgravelytheeconomyofU.S.，theinvestorswhooriginallythoughtthattheObamaadministrationwouldhopefullyrescuetheautogiantfromdifficultpositiononeafteranothersoldthesharesofGM,givingrisetoslumpofitsshares.

11.問答題

Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyouto(A)approachandcopebetterwithnewproblems,suchasdecidingwhetherornot(B)entereducationalortrainingprograms,changejobs,and(C)analyzethedifficultiesyouarehaving(D)withasituationoraperson.

【答案】C；“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是職業規劃應該幫助你更好地處理新問題，比如決定是否參加教育或培訓項目，是否換工作，以及分析你正面臨的與某種情況或某人有關的困難。根據句子結構，“and”連接并列的賓語成分，共同作“suchas”的賓語，所以“deciding…”和“analyze…”構成并列結構，在形式上須保持一致。所以將“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

12.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會，正式對社會和經濟行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經濟模型中被廣泛用作個人行為的假設，并出現在幾乎所有經濟學教科書中關于人類決策的處理。它也是現代政治學、社會學和哲學的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯系起來，這涉及到尋求最經濟有效的手段來實現特定目標，而不考慮該目標的價值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經濟學獎。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質的或外部的，而不是本質的或者內部的。也就是說，嚴格的理性選擇理論不會根據罪犯的內心的悔恨，內疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說，理性選擇理論并不涉及個人道德或倫理意識在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎獲得者AmartyaSen認為，遵循理性選擇模式的經濟學人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

13.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問題1選項

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

14.問答題

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主謂一致。謂語動詞is用的是單數形式，故主語也需要用單數形式。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年來，中國從工業化、城鎮化加快發展的國情出發，不斷豐富可持續發展的內涵，積極應對國內外環境的復雜變化和一系列重大挑戰，實現了經濟平穩較快發展、人民生活顯著改善，在控制人口總量、提高人口素質、節約資源和保護環境等方面取得了積極進展。同時，作為一個發展中國家，中國人口眾多、‘生態脆弱、人均資源占有不足，人均國內生產總值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22億貧困人口，資源環境對經濟發展的約束增強，區域發展不平衡問題突出，科技創新能力不強，改善民生的任務十分艱巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

16.問答題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】試題答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查現在分詞。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解為），understanding意為“理解的”。

17.問答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,in