書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-平頂山職業技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.

問題1選項

A.attention

B.focus

C.emphasis

D.word

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attention注意B.focus關注

C.emphasis強調D.word詞語

【考查點】固定搭配

【解題思路】結合選項推測，原句語義為“這個老師非常重視實踐”，原文使用的表達為laidalotof____on。C選項emphasis“強調”符合搭配要求，其常用搭配為put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“強調/重視某事”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項attention“注意”，常用搭配為pay/draw/attractattentionto，不符合原句搭配；

B選項focus“關注”，常用搭配為thefocusof/onsth.，不符合原句搭配；

D選項word“詞語”，不用于原文搭配。

【句意】這個老師非常重視實踐。

2.單選題

ProfessorSmithhasalreadyretired,buthisteachingsstill（）stronginfluenceonhisstudents.

問題1選項

A.execute

B.forsake

C.exert

D.forge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。execute“實行，執行；處死”；forsake“放棄”；exert“運用，發揮；施以影響”；forge“鍛造”。句意：Smith教授已經退休了，但是他的教導依然在他的學生中產生重大影響。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

TheAdultVocationalCollegeisanopportunitytogaintherightqualificationsforvariouscareers,foritoffersan（）rangeofsubjectsandcourses.

問題1選項

A.additional

B.excessive

C.adequate

D.extensive

【答案】D

【解析】additional附加的，額外的；excessive過度的，過分的；adequate充足的，適當的；extensive廣闊的，廣泛的，寬廣的。句意：成人職業學院是一個獲得各種職業資格的機會，因為它提供廣泛的科目和課程。根據后面的range可知，選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

問題1選項

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關系。

語法題。考查現在完成時。由題干關鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續狀態,所以用現在完成時(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續狀態。Beongoodtermswith同某人關系好,是持續狀態。故選B。

5.案例題

Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合職業道德規范的)?

Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.

Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercouldgetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.

Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."

Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.

Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering（難以平息的）resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.

1.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim().

2.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto()toencouragelearning.

3.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep().

4.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween().

5.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto().

【答案】1.agradeabove94/ahighergrade

2.selectthemethodofgrading

3.improving

4.effortandaccomplishment

5.discusshisconcern

【解析】1.

根據第一段的第一句“Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%.”

2.

根據第二段的第二句“Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom.”。

3.

根據第三段的第二句“A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.”。

4.

根據第四段的第二句“Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.”。

5.

根據最后一段的最后一句“Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.”。

6.單選題

Wheneveracamerawaspointedather,Marilynwouldinstantly（）herselfintoaradiantstar.

問題1選項

A.transport

B.transfer

C.transform

D.transgress

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似動詞詞義辨析。transport“運輸”；transfer“使轉移”；transform“改變，使轉換”；transgress“違法，侵犯”。句意：無論何時只要攝影機對著她，Marilyn會立刻變成璀璨的明星。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

問題1選項

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

問題2選項

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

問題3選項

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

問題4選項

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段說到MT系統的問題出現在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要達到要求的質量，MTsystem所產生翻譯必須由人工譯者進行修改或“后期編輯”。有時這樣的修改可能是實質性的，因此MT系統實際上是在生成一個“草稿”翻譯。”說明MT系統翻譯出來的成品需要人工修改，D選項“需要對MT產生的文本進行大量修訂”符合題意。

2.事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒數第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作為一種替代方法，輸入文本可以被正規化(或在詞匯和句子結構上“受控”)，這樣機器翻譯系統產生的需要糾正的錯誤就很少。”因此條件就是“控制”輸入文本的語言。C選項“原文的語言被控制”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.這一需求——使用MT進行同化——在過去已經得到滿足，實際上，它是最初為傳播應用而設計的系統的副產品。”最后一句補充說到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.隨著市場上更便宜的基于pc的系統的出現，這種類型的使用（使用MT進行同化）已經迅速而顯著地增長。”由此可知A選項“數量正迅速增長”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系統的逐步成熟”，說明問的是MT系統的發展勢頭，第四段最后一句說到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語音識別與自動翻譯的融合問題顯然難以解決，但仍在不斷取得進展。在未來——也許還是遙遠的未來——我們可以期待在高度受限的領域中實現語音翻譯的在線機器翻譯系統。”由此可知未來的進展可能出現在“在線機器語音翻譯”這方面，對比選項可得A選項“一個人可以通過電話與另一個說不同語言的人交流”符合文意。

8.單選題

WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded

thenurseFlorenceNightingale.

問題1選項

A.infavorof

B.inhonorof

C.inlinewith

D.inplaceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。infavorof“支持，贊同”；inhonorof“為紀念”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”；inplaceof“替代”。句意：在倫敦，我們參觀了為紀念護士南丁格爾而創立的醫院。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Whatweconsideraluxuryatonetimefrequentlybecomesa（

）,manyfamiliesfindthatownershipoftwocarsisindispensable.

問題1選項

A.fashion

B.necessity

C.proclivity

D.nuisance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fashion“時尚；時裝；樣式”；necessity“需要；必需品”；proclivity“傾向；癖性”；nuisance“討厭的人；損害”。句意：我們曾經認為的奢侈品頻繁地成為了必需品，很多家庭發現擁有兩輛車是很有必要的。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

問題1選項

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

問題2選項

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

問題3選項

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.語義題。根據第一段的倒數二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對象。選項A符合原文。

2.細節歸納題。根據第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有時讓別人成為笑話的對象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮。選項B符合原文。

3.細節事實題。根據第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知選項C符合原文。

4.細節判斷題。根據第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知選項D符合原文。

5.根據最后一段的內容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認識它，承認我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。選項C符合原文。

11.單選題

Today,mostcountriesintheworldhavecanals.Somecanals,suchastheSuezorthePanama,（1）shipsweeksontimebymakingtheirvoyageathousandmilesshorter.Othercanalspermitboatstoreachcitiesthatarenotlocatedonthecoast（2）othercanalsdrainlandswherethereistoomuchwater,helpor（3）fieldswherethereisnotenoughwater.

The（4）ofacanaldependsonthekindofboatsgoingthroughit.Thecanalmustbewideenoughtopermittwoofthe（5）boatsusingitto（6）eachothereasily.Itmustbedeepenoughtoleaveabouttwofeetofwater（7）thekeelofthelargestboatusingthecanal.

Somecanalshaveslopingsides,whileothershavesidesthatarenearly（8）canalsthatarecutthroughrockcanhavenearlyverticalsides.（9）canalswithearthbanksmay（10）iftheangleoftheirsidesistoosteep.Somecanalsarelinedwithbrick,stone,orconcretetokeepthewater（11）soakingintothemud.Thisalsopermitsshipstogoat（12）speeds,sincetheycannotmakethebanksfallinby（13）upthewater.Insmallcanalswithmudbanks,shipsandbarges(大平底船)must（14）theirspeed.

Whenthecanalgoes（15）differentlevelsofwater,theshipsmustbe（16）orloweredfromoneleveltotheother.Thisisgenerallydoneby（17）oflocks.Ifashipwantstogouptohigherwater,thelowerendofthelockopenstolettheboatin.Thenthisgatecloses,andthewaterisletintothelockchamberfromtheupperlevel.Thisraisedthelevelofthewaterinthelock.（18）itisthesameastheupperlevelofwater.Nowtheuppergatescanbeopenedto（19）theshipintothehigherwater.Sometimesacanalcontainsaseriesoflockswhenthe（20）inlevelsisverygreat.

問題1選項

A.take

B.save

C.cost

D.waste

問題2選項

A.Some

B.Many

C.Even

D.Still

問題3選項

A.disperse

B.drain

C.irrigate

D.flood

問題4選項

A.width

B.depth

C.length

D.size

問題5選項

A.largest

B.longest

C.heaviest

D.tallest

問題6選項

A.pass

B.encounter

C.overtake

D.confront

問題7選項

A.down

B.beneath

C.above

D.below

問題8選項

A.flat

B.straight

C.vertical

D.horizontal

問題9選項

A.Meanwhile

B.Hence

C.Therefore

D.However

問題10選項

A.collide

B.corrupt

C.crumble

D.deteriorate

問題11選項

A.away

B.from

C.down

D.off

問題12選項

A.slower

B.faster

C.lower

D.greater

問題13選項

A.revolving

B.stirring

C.mixing

D.rotating

問題14選項

A.limit

B.confine

C.decrease

D.increase

問題15選項

A.across

B.along

C.down

D.through

問題16選項

A.raised

B.promoted

C.hoisted

D.alleviated

問題17選項

A.ways

B.methods

C.means

D.approaches

問題18選項

A.after

B.until

C.by

D.during

問題19選項

A.free

B.retrieve

C.release

D.expose

問題20選項

A.distance

B.variance

C.contrast

D.difference

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.邏輯關系題。根據文章第一段，“bymakingtheirvoyageathousandmilesshorter.”，可知這些運河的開通能夠大大縮短航行距離，能夠節省航行時間。Save有節省（時間、金錢）的用法，選項B符合題意。

2.邏輯關系題。空格上文提到其他運河允許船只到達非海岸城市，空格后一句提到其他的運河幫助排掉土地多余的水，前后兩句構成轉折關系，選用轉折連詞still“然而，不過”。選項D符合題意。

3.動詞詞義辨析題。Disperse“分散，傳播”；drain“耗盡，排掉水”；irrigate“灌溉”；flood“淹沒，溢出”。句意：但其他的一些運河排掉土地多余的水，幫助或灌溉缺水的田地。選項C符合題意。

4.上下文語義題。根據文章第二段，“Thecanalmustbewideenough…Itmustbedeepenough…”，可知先提到了運河的寬度，然后是運河的深淺，所以總體來看，第三段主要講到了運河的大小尺寸，選項D符合題意。

5.形容詞詞義辨析題。Largest“最大的”；longest“最長的”；heaviest“最重的”；tallest“最高的”。句意：運河必須足夠寬，能夠允許兩只最大船只同時通過。選項A符合題意。

6.動詞詞義辨析題。Pass“經過，通過”；encounter“遭遇，邂逅”；overtake“承擔”；confront“面對”。句意：運河必須足夠寬，能夠允許兩只最大船只同時通過，經過彼此。選項A符合題意。

7.副詞詞義辨析題。Down“向下”；beneath“在下方”；above“在上方，超過”；below“在下方”。句意：它必須足夠深，保證運河的最大船只的龍骨下留下大約兩尺深的水。選項B符合題意。

8.形容詞詞義辨析題。Vertical“垂直的”；flat“扁平的”；straight“筆直的，連續的”；horizontal“水平的”。句意：有些運河有傾斜的邊，而另一些運河的邊幾乎是垂直的，這些運河穿過巖石時形成幾乎垂直的邊。根據下文的verticalsides，可選出vertical。選項C符合題意。

9.邏輯關系題。上文提到有些運河的邊幾乎是垂直的，這些運河穿過巖石形成了垂直的邊，空格后提到如果運河兩邊的角度太陡，有土堤的運河可能會坍塌。前后形成了轉折關系。選用轉折連詞however。選項D符合題意。

10.動詞詞義辨析題。Collide“使碰撞”；corrupt“使腐爛”；crumble“崩塌，粉碎”；deteriorate“惡化”。句意：如果運河兩邊的角度太陡，有土堤的運河可能會坍塌。選項C符合題意。

11.固定搭配題。keepsth.fromdoing“防止，阻止，使免于……”。句意：有些運河用磚、石頭或混凝土砌成，以防止水滲入泥中。選項B符合題意。

12.形容詞詞義辨析題。slower“較慢的”；faster“較快的”；lower“較低的”；greater“較大的”。根據句子結構，可知空格中填入形容詞，用來修飾speed，slow和fast不能修飾speed，所以排除A和B選項。句意：這也允許船只以更快的速度航行。選項D符合題意。

13.動詞詞義辨析題。revolve“使旋轉，使循環”；stir“攪拌，微動”，stirup“激起，攪動”；mix“混合，配制”；rotate“使旋轉，使轉動”。句意：這也允許船只以更快的速度航行，因為它們不能通過攪動水使河岸下沉。選項B符合題意。

14.動詞詞義辨析題。limit“限制”；confine“限制，禁閉”；decrease“減少”；increase“增加”。句意：在用泥土筑堤的小運河中，船和駁船（大平底船）必須限制他們的速度。選項A符合題意。

15.詞組辨析題。goacross“穿過，橫過”；goalong“進行，支持，前進”；godown“下沉，下降，平靜下來”；gothrough“通過，經受，仔細檢查”。句意：當運河流經不同的水位時。選項D符合題意。

16.動詞詞義辨析題。raise“提高，升起”；promote“促進，提升，發揚”；hoist“（用繩子）升起，吊起，抬高”；alleviate“減輕，緩和”。句意：當運河通過不同的水位時，船只必須從一個水位上升或下降到另一個水位。選項A符合題意。

17.固定搭配題。bymeansof“借助于，用，憑借”。句意：這通常是借助于水閘來實現的。選項C符合題意。

18.邏輯關系題。after“在……之后”；until“直到”；during“在……期間”；by“通過……方式”。句意：這樣就會使水閘內的水位上升，直到和上游的水位一樣。選項B符合題意。

19.動詞詞義辨析題。free“釋放，解放（強調完全可按自己的意志行事）”；retrieve“檢索，恢復，重新得到”；release“釋放（強調放松限制、解除監禁或免除義務），發射”；expose“揭露，揭發，顯示”。句意：現在可以打開上面的閘門把船釋放，進入高水位的水中。水是無法“按自己的意志行事”的，因此選項C符合題意。

20.名詞辨析題。distance“距離”；variance“變異，變化”；contrast“對比”；difference“差異”。句意：有時，當水平面的差距非常大時，運河包含一系列的水閘。選項D符合題意。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

人們必須通過對現象的分析和研究,才能了解到事實的本質,因此需要科學。

我們現在面臨的所有重大世界性問題中最重要的問題就是人口對土地和土地資源的壓力正在迅速增長。

受到這么多挫折和失敗,他比以前聰明多了,這次任務他一定會完成得很好的。

沒有農業,人們就不能生存,社會生產就不能繼續下去,因此,農業作為國民經濟的基礎必須得到足夠重視。

這件事的發生不是由于我們的過錯,而是由于你的疏忽大意。

【答案】Onlythroughtheanalysisandstudyofthephenomenoncanhumanunderstandthenatureofthefact,therefore,scienceisneeded.

Thepopulationpressureonlandandlandresourcesisgrowingrapidly,whichisthemostimportantoneamongallthemajorworldproblemswearefacing.

Sufferingfromsomanysetbacksandfailures,hehasbecomewiserandcanfinishthistaskwell.

Peoplewillneitherexistnorcanproductionproceedwithoutagriculture.Therefore,asthebasisofthenationaleconomy,wemustpaymoreattentiontotheagriculture.

Theoccurrenceofthismatteriscausedbyyourcarelessness,notbyourfault.

13.單選題

BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflife.

問題1選項

A.coexistence

B.coincidence

C.correlation

D.compatibility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。congeniality表示“同性質；適意”。A項coexistence“共存”，B項coincidence“巧合，一致”，C項correlation“相關，關聯”，D項compatibility“兼容”。句意：對于因為觀點一致而選擇對方成為朋友的法國人來說，活躍的爭論和激烈的論斷是他們生活中不可缺少的東西。根據句意，該題選D正確。

14.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriouspho