書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-周口師范學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

許多人覺得跟計算機打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計算機更有耐心，不會對操作的人評頭論足。許多學生向教師請教的時候，總會感到緊張，他們樂于向計算機提問。有些病人更愿意向計算機而不是向醫生說明自己的病情，甚至出現了能夠解決心理問題的計算機程序，因為許多人覺得與別人討論自己的心理問題不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

2.單選題

Suchanincidentfitsintothelargerpatternofcalculatedindoctrination.Heemphasizedsincerityandloyaltyasthecardinalvirtuesandtriedtosoftensomeofthe（）edgesofLi’spersonality.

問題1選項

A.smooth

B.rough

C.even

D.uneven

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項smooth“光滑的”；B選項rough“艱苦的，粗糙的；粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的；危險的”；C選項even“平坦的”；D選項uneven“不平衡的，不公正的，不正直的”。由題干soften“使溫和；使緩和；使變柔軟”可知是使李性格中粗野的（或者說危險的）棱角。句意：這樣的事件符合更大的有計劃的灌輸模式。他強調真誠和忠誠是李的基本美德，并試圖撫平他性格中的一些……棱角。因此B選項正確。

3.翻譯題

無比強大的科技很快就將完全改變我們的生活。這可能會產生危險的后果，尤其是因為我們可能不懂背后的基礎科學。我們的科技能力和對科學的基本理解之間的差距愈發加大。我們借助于未來科技可以從事非常巧妙的事情，而不必理解基本的科學，這是很危險的。

未來的一百年中特別危險的技術是納米技術、人工智能和生物技術。它們帶來的好處不容置疑，但它們潛在的危險很大。在人工智能領域，到2010年比人腦聰明500億倍的東西原型設計已經出現。電影《終結者》（Terminator）中唯一不可能實現的事是人類獲勝。假如你在和比自己聰明得多的技術對抗，你可能不會取勝。我們都聽說過灰色粘質（greygoo）問題，能自我復制的納米技術裝置不停地復制，直到世界淪為黏糊糊的質體（stickygoo）。無疑在生物技術方面，我們真的有個大問題，因為它在與納米技術合流。一旦把納米技術和有機體相結合，就有了納米技術制造的細菌，我們能夠比《星際迷航》中的博格飛船（theBorginStarTrek）旅行得更遠，但那些超人生物體可能對我們并不太友好。

我們所處的世界科學與商業日益結盟。在全球自由貿易體制的環境中，技術正在發展，這種體制認為技術的傳播與商業結合實質上是件好事。我們應該做好準備，迎接圍繞新興技術而展開的前所未有的爭論。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Verysoon,unimaginablypowerfultechnologieswillremakeourlives.Thiscouldhavedangerousconsequences,especiallybecausewemaynotevenunderstandthebasicscienceunderlyingthem.There’sagrowinggapbetweenourtechnologicalcapabilityandourunderlyingscientificunderstanding.Wecandoverycleverthingswiththetechnologyofthefuturewithoutnecessarilyunderstandingsomeofbasicscience,andthatisverydangerous.

Thetechnologiesthatareparticularlydangerousoverthenexthundredyearsarenanotechnology,artificialintelligenceandbiotechnology.Thebenefitstheywillbringarebeyonddoubtbuttheyarepotentiallyverydangerous.Inthefieldofartificialintelligencethereareprototypedesignsforsomethingthatmightbe50000milliontimessmarterthanthehumanbrainbytheyear2010.TheonlythingnotfeasibleinthefilmTerminatoristhatthepeoplewin.Ifyou’refightingagainsttechnologythatismuchsmarterthanyou,youprobablywillnotwin.We’veallheardoftheissueaboutgreygoothatself-replicatingnanotechdevicesmightkeeponreplicatinguntiltheworldhasbeenreducedtostickygoo.Certainlyinbiotechnology,we’vereallygotabigproblembecauseit’sconvergingwithnanotechnology.Onceyoustartmixingnanotechwithorganismsandyoustartfeedingnanotech-enabledbacteria,wecangomuchfurtherthantheBorginStarTrek,andthosesuperhumanorganismsmightnotlikeusverymuch.

Weareinaworldnowwherescienceandcommerceareincreasinglybedfellows.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyishappeninginthecontextofglobalfreetraderegimeswhichseetechnologicaldiffusionembeddedwithcommerceasintrinsicallyagood.Weshouldpreparefornewandunfamiliarformsofargumentaroundemergingtechnologies.

4.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問題1選項

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項oval“橢圓的”；B選項edible“可食用的”；C選項reliable“可靠的”；D選項available“可獲得的”。句意：這種新型的植物有一個可食用的，球狀的莖，雖然不是很美味。根據句子的后半部分可知，選項B符合語境。

5.單選題

Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressureinlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree——includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom.LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestlnvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor￡235,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:Guestlnvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingacheaperhoteltheirsecondhome.

1.Accordingtothepassage,businesstravelersusedto（）.

2.Howdohotelsreacttothepenny-pinchingpolicy?

3.Travelerscannowdemandhotelstomatchtheirownpricesbecause（）.

4.Comparedwithtraditionalhotels,thebuy-tolethotel（）.

問題1選項

A.becustomersofluxurioushotels

B.booklower-pricedhotels

C.enjoyprivilegesinhotels

D.takebudgetairlines

問題2選項

A.Theyhavetoraisetheirrates

B.Theyofferbetterdealsfortravelers

C.Theychargemoreonextraservices

D.Theyaresufferingsuccessivedismal

問題3選項

A.travelersonlyhavelimitedbudget

B.travelersdemandforextraservices

C.hotelsaretryingtodepresstheirprices

D.hotelsaretryinghardtokeepgoodbusiness

問題4選項

A.costlessandcanbeprofitable

B.attractsmoreattentionsfromtravelers

C.providesbetterroomandservice

D.makestravelersfeelmoreathome

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知，商務旅行者過去怎么樣？”文章第一段第二句提到在企業緊縮預算的影響下，商務旅行者現在避開五星級酒店而選擇便宜的住宿地方（Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations），由此可以推測過去他們常常選擇五星級酒店住宿，選項A符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“酒店如何應對這種精打細算的政策？”文章第二段第一句話提到隨之而來的是便宜而且高檔的酒店的更加優惠的政策(Here’sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike),說明為了招攬顧客，酒店提供給商務旅行者優惠政策，選項B符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是“旅行者現在要求酒店的價格與自己期望的價格一致的原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句話提到“豪華酒店在努力吸引商務旅行者，給他們提供更低的價格、特殊的套餐和額外的服務”(Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices);第三段提到商務旅行經理現在可以要求酒店一致保持與自己的折扣價格一致(Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime)，這一系列的措施都是為了吸引顧客，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是“與傳統酒店相比，‘先買后租’酒店怎么樣？”文章最后一段提到除了為公司省錢之外，還應運而生了一種新的市場：“先買后租”，即購買酒店房間，然后用來出租(Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom),這說明這種模式是為了省錢，后面又提到了能把買下的房間租給他人，說明還能賺錢，因此選項A“花費減少，并且還能盈利”符合題意。

6.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.

問題1選項

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項inorder“整齊，秩序井然”，B項inplace“適當，在恰當的位置”，C項inneed“在危難中，在窮困中”，D項introuble表示“處于不幸中”。句意：在沒有明確的指導方針的情況下，醫院的管理人員有時會不知所措。因此B項正確。

7.單選題

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydeadunlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A,youareonthelaunchingpad.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanM.B.A.andisfamouslawofdiminishingreturnsbeginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoearnjust$23,030.

APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget.Exceptforafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistrywherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,ifyoupursuesuchadegreeinanyotherfield,youwillfaceadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythaninanyotherpartoftheworld.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesorworstofallinphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontables,andendlesslyfillingoutapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Theymayalsotakeajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthedoorkeeperearns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho（）.

2.ManyPh.Dsareoutofajobbecause（）.

3.Thenationisonlyinterestedinpeople（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

5.Thewriterseeseducationas（）.

問題1選項

A.willnotbeadisgracetosociety

B.willbecomeloyalcitizens

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthenation'sdemandsasasourceofmanpower

問題2選項

A.theyareimproperlyeducated

B.theyareoflittlecommercialvaluetotheirsociety

C.therearefewerjobsinhighschools

D.theyprefereasierjobsthatmakemoremoney

問題3選項

A.withdiplomas

B.whospecializeinphysicsandchemistry

C.whoarevaluabletothegrossnationalproduct

D.bothAandC

問題4選項

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschool,nordidEdison.

B.Onemustthinkcarefullybeforepursuingamasterdegree.

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyou'llearn.

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you'llbeover-educatedforsociety'sdemands.

問題5選項

A.ameansofprovidingjobsecurityandfinancialsecurityandameansofmeetingacountry’sdemandsfortechnicalworkers

B.awaytobroadenoneshorizons

C.moreimportantthanfindingajob

D.anopportunitythateveryoneshouldhave

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段最后一句“Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.他們真正的意思是獲得足夠的教育來為社會提供人力資源，而不是證明你在社會中的尷尬。”也就是說，社會希望教育能夠轉向培養出作為人力資源來滿足國家需要的人才。選項D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據原文最后一段的內容“你只能到目前為止把收入水平與教育水平等同起來。也就是說，要讓你對國民生產總值有用，但又不能讓任何人從你身上賺取太多利潤。”由此可知，很多博士生失業，正是因為對社會沒有什么商業價值，所以選項B正確。

3.細節事實題。本題的答案定位也是在原文最后一個自然段。根據上一題可知，國家只對那些國民生產總值有價值的人感興趣。所以選項C正確。

4.細節事實題。根據第四段第一句“Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?比如說，你知道嗎?長途卡車司機的年收入比全職教授要高。”由此可知，并不是教育水平越高，賺的錢就越多。所以選項C不正確。

5.判斷推理題。原文第一自然段提及“當你的父母建議你‘接受教育’以提高你的收入時，他們只告訴了你一半的真相。他們真正的意思是獲得足夠的教育來為社會提供人力資源，而不是證明你在社會中的尷尬。”也就是說，作者認為教育不僅僅是一種提供工作保障和財政保障的手段，也是一種滿足國家對技術工人需求的手段，所以選項A符合原文。

8.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tony絲毫沒有放棄其研究工作的打算。選項A符合語境。

9.單選題

Putbothvegetablesintoabowland（）withapotatomasher.

問題1選項

A.crash

B.crush

C.clash

D.crack

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項crash“碰撞”，B項crush“壓碎”，C項clash“沖突”，D項crack“使破裂”；句意：把這兩種蔬菜都放進碗里，用搗土豆器搗碎。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

問題1選項

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

問題2選項

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensibletowhitemusicians.

D.Jazzwasaformofmusicthathadtobeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereastheblueshadtobelearned.

問題3選項

A.indifference

B.appreciation

C.curiosity

D.uncertainty

問題4選項

A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.

B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.

C.Theirrelationshipstotheculturesoftheirancestors.

D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.

問題5選項

A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicarenecessarilydifferent.

B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismhamperedhisdevelopmentasamusician.

C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance.

D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerandBeiderbeckewasnot

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段倒數第二句為本文的主旨句“Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.”黑人的音樂隨著他的改變而改變,反映了在變化的環境中態度的轉變或態度的一致。這里的“contexts”指的是環境,所以選項A由于環境的影響,黑人和白人藝術家的音樂一定是非常不同的,符合原文。

2.細節事實題。根據第三段第三句“Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”爵士樂運用藍調“態度”的方式提供了一個白人音樂家可以理解的音樂,因此他可以創造出一種風格的爵士樂。選項C符合原文。

3.觀點態度題。根據第三段的內容可知,作者認為藍調是爵士樂中極為重要的一部分。由此可知,作者的態度是支持的,贊賞的。選項B正確。

4.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“BeiderbeckeandArmstrong”定位到最后一段,“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;”令人難以置信的諷刺是,在美國社會的上層建筑中,這兩個人所處的位置是相似的。選項D符合原文。

5.細節事實題。根據第三段的最后幾句以及第四段的首句可知,Beiderbecke和Armstrong創作的音樂類型不同是因為黑人和白人對待音樂的態度是不同的,所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

問題1選項

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...為固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。這里指煙囪里的煙升向天空，選項A正確。

12.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤滑劑并不能改變人已經變得毫無力量的事實）可知C選項“與社會其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運行平穩”符合題意。

2.細節事實題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來沒有面對過人類作為情感上和智力上獨立和有生產力的人存在的基本現實）可知D選項“他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，或者比競爭對手強，這就產生了持續的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項“能遠離這個競爭激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業主義，在這種工業中，在這里人及其潛能——愛和理性——的充分開發是所有社會安排的目的）可知C選項“使人能充分發揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點態度題。由文章第一段的內容可知作者將社會比作一個機械，人只是這個機械中的一個小齒輪，并對其進行了諷刺和批評，因此B選項“不滿”符合題意。

13.單選題

T