Translation&Culture

1ppt課件翻譯對文化的促進作用季羨林先生在談到翻譯的作用時，曾以中華文明的發展為例，作了如下精辟的闡述:“為什么中華文化竟延續不斷一直存在到今天呢?我想，這里面是因為翻譯在起作用。我曾在一篇文章中說過，若拿河流來作比較，中華文化這一條長河，有水滿的時候，也有水少的時候，但卻從未枯竭。原因就是有新水注入，注入的次數大大小小是頗多的，最大的有兩次，一次是從印度來的水，一次是從西方來的水。而這兩次的大注入依靠的都是翻譯。中華文化之所以能常葆青春，萬應靈藥就是翻譯。翻譯之為用大矣哉！”2ppt課件Whatisculture?3ppt課件

Atotalwayoflifeofapeople4ppt課件TheNewWorldEncyclopedia:Cultureisthetotalityofthespiritual,intellectual,andartisticattitudessharedbyagroup,includingitstradition,habits,socialcustoms,morals,laws,andsocialrelations.Sociologically,everysociety,oneverylevel,hasitsculture;thetermhasnoimplicationsofhighdevelopment.5ppt課件Languageisnotisolated.Everylanguagebelongstoacertainculture.Itisdifficulttoseparatelanguageandculturalidentity.Howdifferentpeoplesexpresswhattheyseeisdeterminedbyhowtheyperceiveandinterpretandreacttoreality.6ppt課件LiHongzhang,oneofthetopofficialsintheQingDynasty,wasinvitedtovisittheU.S.Hewaswarmlywelcomed.Oneday,LiwashostingabanquetfortheAmericanofficialsinapopularrestaurant.Asthebanquetstarted,accordingtotheChinesecustom,Listoodupandsaid,“今天承蒙各位光臨，不勝榮幸。我們略備粗饌，聊表寸心，沒有什么可口的東西，不成敬意，請大家多多包涵……”7ppt課件(今天承蒙各位光臨，不勝榮幸。我們略備粗饌，聊表寸心，沒有什么可口的東西，不成敬意，請大家多多包涵……)Iamveryhappytohaveallofyouheretoday.Thoughthesedishesarecoarseandnotdeliciousandgoodenoughtoshowmyrespectforyou,Ihopeyouwillenjoythem…”8ppt課件Thenextday,theEnglishversionofhiswordswasshowninthelocalnewspaper.Tohisshock,therestaurantownerflewintoarage.HethoughtitwasaninsultandinsistedthatLishouldshowhimtheevidenceofwhichdishwasnotwell-madeandwhichdishwasnotdelicious.Otherwise,Liintentionallydamagedthereputationoftherestaurant,andheshouldapologize.AllthefussmadeLiratherembarrassed.9ppt課件CommentWhatLisaidisjustsomeformulaicpoliteexpressioncommonintype.AlmostallChinesepeopleknowthisandcouldhearthatnearlyeverywhere.Literally,Li’swordsareinappropriate,buttheydoconveythemeaningofrespect.Herethelanguageformisdifferentfromitscontent,aphenomenonwhichcanonlybefoundineasternculture.

10ppt課件Americaisacountrywithhighlyvaluedindividualism.Theyexpressthemselvesratherdirectly.Theytendtohearwordsliterally,thereforetheycannotunderstandeasterner’sover-modesty.Thereactionoftherestaurantisnothingunusual.Limaychangehiswordslikethis:“Thecuisineofyourcountryisreallygreat.Itismygreathonortohaveachancetoentertainyouwiththem…”

(貴國的菜肴真是好極了，今天能有機會借花獻佛，不勝榮幸之至……)11ppt課件Trytotranslatethefollowingidioms:Loveme,lovemydog.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.Gildthelily12ppt課件Loveme,lovemydog.愛屋及烏。Ifyoulovesomeone,youmustaccepteverythingaboutthem,eventheirfaultsorweakness.13ppt課件Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.一丘之貉。birdsofafeather:peopleofsimilarinterestsorpersonalities興趣愛好相同的人／同類人物以類聚，人以群分。inacontextdenotingbadpersons

一路貨，臭味相投者14ppt課件Gildthelily

畫蛇添足。

peopleintheWest:natureitselfisbeauty.

gild:todosth.artificial→notbeautiful“addunnecessarydecorationorexaggeration”多此一舉，弄巧成拙15ppt課件Shakespeare:KingJohn“Togildrefinedgold,topaintthelily…iswastefulandridiculousexcess.”16ppt課件InChina,

whenpeoplemeet…甲：“吃了嗎？”乙：“吃啦！”吃了嗎？吃啦！17ppt課件Inwesterncountries…A:“Lovelyweather,isn’tit?”B:“Yes,isn’tit?”18ppt課件Termsrelatingto“吃”：飯桶吃不開吃不了兜著走吃不消good-for-nothingbeunpopularlandoneselfinserioustroublebeunabletostand19ppt課件Termsrelatingto“吃”：吃老本吃軟不吃硬吃閑飯吃香liveoffone’spastgainsbeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercionleadanidlelifebeverypopular20ppt課件WuSongkilledatigerinhisdrunkencourage…武行者心中要吃，哪里聽他分說，一片聲喝道，‘放屁！放屁！’21ppt課件PearlS.BuckNowWuthepriestlongedmuchinhishearttoeat,andsohowcouldhebewillingtolistentotheexplanation?Hebellowedforth,“Passyourwind,passyourwind!”22ppt課件WhatdoyouthinkofWuSong’simperativeremark?

漢語“放屁”作罵人話時，喻指“說話沒有根據或不合情理”，而英語passone’swind只是一種自然生理現象。23ppt課件

在譯序中，賽氏解釋了她將書名《水滸傳》譯為AllMenAreBrothers的原因：

當然，英文的書譯名并非原著本來的名字，因為原名根本無法翻譯：“水”等于英文的“水”（water），“滸”意為“水邊”（marginsorborders），“傳”則相當于英文的“小說”（novel）；至少在我個人看來，將這幾個字排列在一起幾乎毫無意義，也不能準確反映原書的意旨。于是，我自作主張，選取了孔子的一句名言作為書名（即“四海之內，皆兄弟也”），該名無論在內涵還是外延上均體現了這些綠林好漢的俠義精神。24ppt課件TranslationandCultureCulturalConnotationImplicationofAnimalTermsImplicationofColorTermsTrademarksandAdvertisements25ppt課件CulturalConnotationImplicationofAnimalTermsImplicationofColorTerms26ppt課件ImplicationofAnimalTermsTalkingaboutculturalconnotations,onewillfirstthinkofimagesrepresentedbyanimals…27ppt課件ImplicationofAnimalTerms英漢動物喻體相同、喻義相似英漢動物喻體相異、喻義相似英漢動物喻體相同、喻義相異英語動物詞匯的象征意義28ppt課件

英漢動物喻體相同、喻義相似SometimesChineseandEnglishshareconnotativemeanings:“狐貍”and“fox”CUNNING“猴子”and“monkey”MISCHIEF“狼”and“wolf”SAVAGENESS29ppt課件WOLFTheGospelofMatthew7:15,NewTestament“Awolfinsheep’sclothing”

披著羊皮的狼表面溫順友善，實則兇殘的偽君子30ppt課件WOLF：兇猛、狡詐、貪婪Thelifeofthewolfisthedeathofthelamb.

狼的生就是羔羊的死。Wakenotasleepingwolf.

莫惹是生非Seeawolf

嚇得張口結舌，說不出話來Toleadawolfintothehouse

引狼入室31ppt課件WOLF：心腸狠毒、忘恩負義WOLF:貪得無厭greedyasawolf32ppt課件FOX：詭詐、狡猾Heisasslyasafox.You’vegottowatchhim.

他狡猾如狐貍，你可要小心點。Youcanneverfoxme.

你絕對騙不了我。

33ppt課件SERPENT/SNAKEasnakeinthegrass

潛伏的危險，暗藏的敵人asnakeinone’sbosom(胸懷，內心）恩將仇報的人，背信棄義的人serpenteye

如蛇般陰險的眼光34ppt課件PIG：骯臟、貪婪、懶惰……He’dbeenapigaboutmoney.

他對錢貪得無厭。Makeapigofoneself

大吃大喝，狼吞虎咽Pigsinclover

行為卑鄙或粗魯的有錢人35ppt課件OtherExamples:Hedoesn’thaveanideaofhisown.Hejustparrotswhatotherssay.

他沒有自己的觀點，只是鸚鵡學舌罷了。Asslowasasnail/atasnail’space

像蝸牛一樣緩慢Alionathome,amouseabroad.

在家如獅，在外如鼠。Aratcrossingthestreetischasedbyall.

老鼠過街，人人喊打。36ppt課件英漢動物喻體相異、喻義相同英國著名詩人雪萊(Shelley)在一首詩中號召被壓迫者像獅子醒來：“Riselikelionsafterslumber”在學術界有權威的人被稱為aliterarylion，有如漢語“泰斗，執牛耳”。37ppt課件漢語言中用“虎”比喻勇猛、威武，例如“虎將”、“虎勁”、“虎威”。老虎不僅具備西方獅子的正面形象，還有“兇狠、殘忍”的反面形象，如孔子的“苛政猛于虎”。Beardthelioninhisden虎口拔牙Anassinlion’sskin狐假虎威英語民族也常用“獅子”來形容處于主宰地位的人。

Jackwasmarriedandhadalionessathome.

母老虎38ppt課件勤勞，吃苦耐勞漢文化：牛（俯首甘為孺子牛，老黃牛）英語文化：馬

(worklikeahorse任勞任怨)asstrongasahorse健壯horsepower力大awillinghorse39ppt課件羊英國牧羊業發達ToseparatesheepfromgoatsSheep:能力強，成績突出者Goats:能力弱，業績平平者Blacksheep(Thereisa~ineveryflock.)害群之馬長黑毛的綿羊比較少，魔鬼的標志40ppt課件試譯：牛飲Drinklikeafish對牛彈琴Castpearlsbeforeswine落湯雞Adrownedrat狐假虎威Donkeyinalion’shideAnassinlion’sskin41ppt課件蠢得像頭豬Asstupidasagoose如魚得水Likeaducktowater養虎遺患Cherishasnakeinone’sbosom狗改不了吃屎。Youcannotmakeacrabwalkstraight.42ppt課件AlthoughsometimesChineseandEnglishshareconnotativemeanings,inmanycasesthesameanimalimagemaystandfordifferentconnotations.Themostconspicuousexampleis狗and“dog”.英漢動物喻體相同、喻義相異43ppt課件InChinesemostphrasesandidiomswith狗containderogatorysenses:走狗，癩皮狗，狗仗人勢，狼心狗肺，狗膽包天……InEnglish“dog”isthoughttobethemostfaithfulfriendofhumanbeings,mostphrasesandidiomscontainingtheword“dog”haveneutralorcommendatoryimplications:topdog,luckydog,cleverdog,Everydoghasitsday…ChinaDaily“China’sWatchdogFindsFakeInvestors”44ppt課件龍and“Dragon”漢文化：“龍的傳人”descendentsofthedragon,“真龍天子”truesonsofthedragonfromheaven《中國成語大辭典》lists115entrieswiththecharacter龍,mostofwhichareofcommendatorysense.45ppt課件InmanyWesternfolktalesthedragonisaterribleviciousbeastwhichspitsfire.“chasethedragon”:tosmokeheroinespeciallywhenitisheatedonapieceofaluminumfoilandthefumesareinhaledthroughatube.服用鴉片（毒品）46ppt課件英國古詩Beowulf歌頌與兇殘暴虐的惡龍搏斗而取勝的英雄史詩。Shakespeare,RomeoandJuliet當Juliet聽到表哥被Romeo殺死時，悲嘆到：

Oserpentheart,hidwithafloweringface!Dideverdragonkeepsofairacave?Beautifultyrant!Fiendangelical!

啊，花一樣的面龐里藏著蛇的心！哪一條龍曾經棲息在這清雅的洞府里？美麗的暴君！天使般的惡魔！47ppt課件Adragonlady

以統治者身份行使權力的女人TheDragon/TheGreatDragon/TheOldDragon

指與上帝作對的魔鬼撒旦亞洲四小龍：thefourtigersinAsiaTodistinguishitfromtraditionalWestern“dragon”,somepeoplenowusetheterm“Chinesedragon”.48ppt課件蝙蝠andBat漢文化：“蝠”與“?！蓖?，象征吉祥、健康、幸福。西方：丑陋邪惡的動物，與罪惡或黑暗勢力相聯系，特別是vampirebat（吸血蝙蝠）。Asblindasabat有眼無珠Crazyasbat精神失常；發癡Havebatsinthebelfry異想天開49ppt課件

孔雀andPeacock漢文化：孔雀開屏→美“孔雀舞”西方：虛榮、自傲Asproudasapeacock驕傲自滿Apeacockinhispride炫耀一時的人Playthepeacock妄自尊大Heattemptedtopeacockhiswaythroughtheworld.他想名揚世界。50ppt課件貓頭鷹andOwl漢文化：不祥之物“夜貓子進宅，兇事自來”西方：智慧、博學的象征aswiseasanowl“Awiseoldowllivedinanoak.Themorehesaw,thelesshespoke.Thelesshespoke,themoreheheard.Whycan’tweallbelikethatwiseoldbird?”

—英國民間童謠51ppt課件ImplicationofColorTermsWeliveinacolorfulworld,andwordsdenotingcolorsforpartofthenuclearvocabularyofalmosteverylanguage.

52ppt課件However,inEnglishitisusuallyconsideredthereareelevenbasiccolors,namelywhite,black,grey,brown,red,green,yellow,blue,purple,orange,pink.53ppt課件Differentlanguagesmayhavedifferentnumberofcolorterms.

54ppt課件BasicColorsInChinese赤、橙、黃、綠、青、藍、紫，thesevencolorsintherainbow,arethoughttobethebasiccolors.55ppt課件TheChinese綠、青、藍

arethreecolors,buttheircorrespondingwordsinEnglishareonlytwo:“green”and“blue”.So

青

canonlybetranslatedasgreenorblue.56ppt課件青菜：greenvegetables青椒：greenpepper青山：greenmountain青天（藍天）：bluesky青canalsorefertoblack.青布：blackcloth青衫：blackgown青絲：blackhair57ppt課件青出于藍而勝于藍。Bluecomesfromtheindigoplantbutisbluerthantheplantitself.Indigo:acolorbetweenblueandviolet靛青，靛藍abluedyeobtainedfromplantsormadesynthetically58ppt課件ColortermsareveryimportantinbothEnglishandChineseliterature.Manybooktitlescontaincolorterms.59ppt課件GreenHillsofAfrica(ErnestHemingway)TheScarletletter(NathanielHawthorne)WhiteFang(JackLondon)60ppt課件顏色詞屬于文化限定詞，具有強烈的民族文化特征，每個民族都有自己的顏色觀。在不同的民族文化中，同一種顏色表達不同的文化心理，引起不同的聯想，具有不同的文化內涵。61ppt課件Red紅色紅and“red”havequitedifferentconnotationsinChineseandEnglishasisdeterminedbythetwodifferentculturesbehindthetwolanguages.62ppt課件紅standsforjubilationinChinesesointhepastthebrideusuallyworereddresses(manystilldothesametoday).Oneoftheextendedmeaningsof紅standsforwealthandnobility.朱門and紅樓bothrefertodwellingsoftheupperclass.63ppt課件ThoughmanypeopleinBritainarefondofred,itsassociationisverydifferentintheEnglishmind.DavidHawkes《紅樓夢》TheStoryoftheStone賈寶玉“怡紅公子”GreenBoy怡紅院theHouseofGreenDelight悼紅軒NostalgiaStudio64ppt課件Red紅色英語民族：流血、犧牲、殉難。redhands（沾滿血的手），redbattle（血戰）65ppt課件對red的恐懼感可在《圣經》中找到答案。根據《圣經·福音書》的記載，耶穌在受難前與十二門徒共進“最后的晚餐”。進餐時，耶穌拿起杯來說“你們都喝這個，這是我立約的血，為多人流出來，使罪得赦”。之后，耶穌甘愿被釘在十字架上，流血犧牲，用自己的生命作贖價以救贖世人。66ppt課件英語中大寫Red意指“左翼政治主張”、“共產主義者”。Red-hunter迫害共產主義者或進步分子的人Getred“赤化”red也成為“政治上激進”的代名詞67ppt課件red在經濟貿易詞匯里象征“赤字、虧損、負債”。redletter經濟活動中支出多于收入的差額數字inthered/redink虧損getintored出現赤字、發生虧損getoutofthered不再虧損68ppt課件英語中red也有其正面的聯想意義和語義。red-letterdays（紀念日、喜慶的日子）在西方一般指圣誕節或其他的節日，因為這些日子在日歷上是用紅色標明的。rollouttheredcarpetforsb.

鋪展紅地毯隆重地歡迎某人美國白宮內有間RedRoom，常用來舉行小型招待會。69ppt課件Green綠色Asacolorlikedbymostpeople,“green”isoftenusedtorefertoplants:greenbelt綠化帶，防護林greenfingers園藝技能greenwinter:awinterwithoutsnowingasthetreesandgrassremaingreen.greenrevolution:agriculturalrevolution“greenlungsofthecity”---parksgreenfood綠色食品70ppt課件Doyouseegreeninmyeye?lackofexperiencegreenhand,greenhorn新手你看我是好欺騙的嗎？=DoyouthinkIhavenoexperiencesoyoucandeceiveme?71ppt課件Greenalsomeans“fullofvigororvitality”.Hergrandchildrenwishedheragreenoldage.他的孫兒們祝福她健康長壽。Thoughinthegreen,hemaynotbeequaltothetask.盡管他年富力強，不見得能勝任這項任務。72ppt課件“HowoldwasIwhenyoufirsttookmeinaboat?”“Five,andyouwerenearlykilledwhenIbroughtthefishin

toogreen

andnearlytoretheboattopieces.”“你頭一次帶我上船時我多大？”“五歲。當我把那條活蹦亂跳的大魚弄上船的時候，你差點兒送了命，那家伙差點兒把小船撞得七零八碎?！?3ppt課件歸化—讀者—意譯優點：通俗易通、語言地道缺點：喪失部分原文風貌特色異化—作者/原文—直譯（+解釋或注釋）優點：保持原文風貌特色、傳播外國文化知識缺點：增加了理解困難、文字繁復影響審美選擇標準：翻譯的“目的”例如：廣告-正面宣傳-使潛在顧客易于理解接受該產品-歸化某些小說-欣賞故事情節和文字、保持流暢閱讀-歸化某些小說-傳播他國文化知識-異化74ppt課件AdvertisementsTrademarksTrademarksandAdvertisements75ppt課件AdvertisementsTheglobalizationmakesthetranslationofadve