語法填空解題思路歸納與綜合練習第一部分．有提示詞（1）動詞的考查是語法填空的重中之重,包括非謂語動詞和謂語動詞。在看到動詞原形提示后,首先要判斷該空在句中作什么成分（謂語or非謂語，還是需要詞性變化），然后根據具體語境進行變化。非謂語動詞最常考點（目前只出現過基本結構）：動詞-ing2.todo3,-ed過去分詞謂語動詞最常考點：主謂一致（主要考察主語單復數判斷是否變三單）時態（主要考察一般過去時，一般現在時，現在完成時）被動語態（主要是一般現在時和一般過去時的被動語態）〈易錯點〉：主語單復數的判斷（參考語法項目：主謂一致）（經常考察的項目包括：不可數/單數/復數名詞作主語，并列主語，動名詞作主語）2，時態和語態的判斷（尤其一般過去時/一般現在時/現在完成時/過去完成時參考語法：時態語態）3，常見非謂語的用法（如作賓語，作狀語，作定語，作主語等：參考語法項目：非謂語動詞）常見不規則動詞變化-（參考不規則動詞表）一詞多性的情況。如record既可以作動詞又可以作名詞，要準確判斷空格處所需單詞的詞性。其它變單三/過去時/ing形式的特殊拼寫規則（參考下表，已考察riding,goes,permitted等）。單數第三人稱動詞變化特殊規則動詞原形變化規則例子注意詞尾為“s,x,ch,sh,o”在詞尾加"es”watches,teaches,misses,mixes,does,goes詞尾為"輔音字母+y”“y”變為“i”，再加“es”studies,flies,tries,carries,applies,worries兀首字母+y直接加s：pays,plays其它特例have--hasbe--is規則動詞變過去式/過去分詞的特殊情況動詞原形變化規則例子注意以不發音的-e結尾在詞尾加“d”lived,moved,tasted詞尾為“輔音字母+y”“y”變為“i”，再加“ed”studied,tried,carried,copied,worried,兀音字母+y直接力口ed:played,destroyed重讀并且以輔+元（短元音）+輔音結尾雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加一edstopped,equippedplanned,permitted非重讀不雙寫：opened,listened,visited非短兀音不雙寫：returned,seated重讀r音節結尾雙寫r加edpreferred,occurred,非重讀不雙寫：offered,suffered|動詞變ing形式的特別注意事項動詞原形變化規則例子宀注意以不發音的-e結尾去一e加一ingwriting,living,taking,making,hoping發音的e不去：seeing,being,agreeing重讀并且以輔+元（短元音）+輔結尾雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加一ingplanning,cutting,stopping,swimming-x結尾不雙寫：relaxing-y或-w結尾不雙寫：drawing,paying,employing,following非重讀不雙寫：offering,opening以-ie結尾的動詞去掉e,變i為y然后再加-ingdiefdying,tieftying,lieflying*-y結尾的單詞不受過去式規則影響，直接加inglaying,studying,trying,hurrying

（2）詞性轉換的考查（參考詞形變化過關小測），其中考察重點為1■形容詞變副詞（不受考綱限制）2■動詞變為名詞3■名詞變形容詞。4■形容詞變名詞。5.名詞變動詞名詞變衍生名詞7■由-ed/-ing構成的形容詞性或名詞性的衍生詞。（不受考綱限制）形容詞變副詞特殊變化規則形容詞原形變化規則例子注意一般形容詞直接加-IV以輔音+V結尾.且V讀音為/i/變V為i,再加一lyheavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusilyy讀音為/ai/不變:shyly輔音字母加le結尾，去e加vgentle-gently,possible-possibly以ic結尾的詞加allybasicbasically:scientificscientifically個別以e結尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-vtrue-truly:wholly絕大多數e結尾的形容詞直接加ly：extremely,safely3）名詞、代詞的考查。名詞主要考查單復數的變化（7次）.平時要注意髙頻名詞（在不同意義下）是否可數。附：高中詞匯表中常見的一詞多性（常為動詞，但可以做可數名詞）注意復數、冠詞邙限定詞）的考察，需滿足復數觸發條件1?有提示詞如many/few/several/anumberof/oneofthe/different/various..等2?其它上下文詞匯名詞義例句record病歷，唱片，記錄Wouldyouliketolistentosomerecords?work工作（不可數）/作品（可數）ThemuseumhasmanyworksbyPicasso.wish/regard希望/祝愿（常用復數）Marysendsyoubestwishes/regardsforaHappynewyear.supply供應物/生活必需品（復數）Thelocalpeopleareurgentlyinneedoffoodandmedicalsupplies.review復習/書評/影評/報告Theplaygotexcellentreviewswhenitwasfirstseen.award獎，獎品Themoviehaswonanumberofawards.benefit好處，益處thebenefitsofreadingdesign設計/設計圖/圖案Lookingforwardtoreceivingyourcreativedesigns!show演出/節目/展覽Thetheatregivestwoshowsinoneday.turn輪次/轉動/轉彎taketurnstodo/(in)doingattempt企圖/嘗試/射門Shemadeafewattemptstojoinintheirconversation.aim目標Teamworkisrequiredtoachievetheseaims.report報道Accordingtorecentnews/mediareports,...present禮物thepresentsforthechildrenneed（生活）必需品Housingandeducationarebasicneeds.look注視，神色，外貌（復數）Heputonweightandstartedtolosehislooks.graduate（大學）畢業生high-school/collegegraduatescopy復制品，本，冊Iacquiredtwocopiesofthisbook.mark污點/疤痕/記號/分數Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers.offer提議/提供物/特價品Thismonth'soffersincludeashirt,trousersandbedcovers.order訂單/所訂之物/命令Allourcustomerordersarehandledbycomputer./placeanorder下訂單ride乘車/騎行/供騎乘的玩具Theamusementparkhasmanyrides./givesbarideblank空格，空白處Fillintheblanks.sweet糖果，甜點Sheboughtapacketofsweetsonthewayhome.stop停止，車站Wemadeseveralstopsalongtheway.challenge挑戰，問題Theproblemisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacedbyscientiststoday.seat座位Acarusuallyhasadriver'sseat,afrontseatandbackseats.

I名詞變復數的特殊規則動詞原形變化規則例子注意詞尾為“s,x,ch,sh"在詞尾加"es”boxes,dishes,matches詞尾為“輔音字母+y""y”變為"i”，再加"es”cities,studies,babies,families,stories元音字母+y直接加s:ways,boys,toys-f/-fe結尾變f/fe為v,再加esleaves（葉子）,lives,housewives,thieves例外：roofs,beliefs輔音字母p結尾詞尾加esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes元音-oo結尾直接加s:zoos，bamboos例夕卜（外來詞）:photos,radios,pianos不規則變化變單詞內部的元音字母tooth—teeth,foot—feet,child—children,medium^media,woman/women代詞主要考查人稱代詞主格、賓格和形容詞性物主代詞的變化。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數復數單數復數單數復數人稱代詞主格Iweyouyousheheitthey賓格Meusyouyouherhimitthem物主代詞形容詞性myouryouryourherhisitstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselves（4）形容詞、副詞的考察，重點考查1.形容詞轉副詞2.形容詞轉比較級。觸發比較級的提示詞一般是than,但解題時也需要注意其它句內提示（如修飾比較級的副詞出現：even,much,far,alot等），以及一些慣用表達（如否定+比較級=最高級義，Nothingisbetterthanaglassofwine），如17年卷1考察了evenworse（更糟的是）作句子狀語的用法。觸發最高級主要是the+最高級+范圍（of/in+范圍）及一些固定用法，最高級全國卷語法填空還未直接考過，但考過最高級前的冠詞the。形容詞變比較級的特殊情況動詞原形變化規則例子注意單音節詞直接加-er/esthigher,hardest例外：moreglad/tired以不發音的-e結尾直接加r/-stnice/nicest,larger/largest重讀并且以輔+短元音+輔結尾雙寫詞尾字母，再加er/estbigger/biggest,hotter/hottest輔音字母+y結尾變y改為i，加-er/-esteasier/easiest,heavier/heaviesthappier/happiest多音節和部分雙音節詞由形容詞+ly變的副詞在單詞前加more/mostmore/mostbeautifulmoreslowly不能與-er/est連用good/wellbetter/bestchangeforthebetter好轉bad/ill/badlyworse/worstworsestill/what'sworse更糟地是tothebestofmyknowledge據我所知badly表迫切時用more/mostbadlymany/muchmore/mostmakethemost/bestof最大化利用what'smore此夕卜moreorless或多或少nomorethan僅僅/最多也就是atmost最多soonerorlaterlittleless/leastnolessthan至少有atleast至少lastbutnotleast最后但仍然重要的是fewer/fewestfarfarther/furtherItwasfarther/furthertotheshopthanIexpected.表抽象只用further給提示詞的思路橫向歸納提示詞思考方向動詞1.非謂語2.謂語3.變名詞形容詞1.變副詞2.變比較級3.變名詞名詞1.變復數2.變形容詞3.變動詞代詞代詞變形*只是根據以往考題給大家一個思考方向，并非絕對規則。最終應根據文本的語言規則、語篇意義解題。第二部分．無提示詞（1）連詞的考查是重點。主要考點是主從句（定語從句.名詞性從句.狀語從句的連詞.一般不會考太復雜或生僻的語法規則，但要特別注意上下文，句子完整意思?具體參考三大從句語法專項）并列句或并列結構（如and和or，主要看前后文的邏輯關系）（2）冠詞、介詞主要考查基本用法及固定搭配「（慣用短語和詞組），具體可參考年段下發的冠詞、介詞語法專項材料。（3）其它考點：常用副詞。關注常用副詞如too,very,much等。it的考察。填助動詞（do/will/be/have等）主要出現在疑問句或否定句；另外，therebe句型與強調句型等特殊句式也應關注。綜合練習1Papercuttingwasrecognizedasournationalintangibleculturalheritagein2006.accordingtoexperts,papercuttingconveystheculturesharedbetweenChina1.foreigncountriestowishforfamilyreunionsandmaintainlinkswithlovedones,aliveordead.InthemovieCoco,forinstance,the12-year-oldMiguelandhisfamilydanceandsingtocelebratea2.(tradition)festivalinMexico,whencolorfulpapercuttingsarehungonthestreet.Chinesepeoplealsocutimagesofsmallfigures3.memoryoftheirfamilywhohavepassedaway.ThedifferenceisthatmostChinesepapercuttingsarered,whilethoseinothercountries4.(be)oftenmadeinmanyothercolors.ThefairytalewriterHansChristianAndersenlikedtocut5.(character),suchasprincesses,outofpaperwhile6.(tell)storiestochildren.InChina,femalefriendsandfamilymembersusedtochatandmakepapercuttingstogether.“7.thepatternsandcolorsmaybedifferent,papercuttingssharethesamefunctionofmaintainingemotionaltiesamongpeople,”saysYangHuizi,8.artteacheratBeijingUnionUniversity.Yang9.(study)andperformedtheartforoveradecade.Besidesroutineuniversitycourses,shealsoorganizesnonprofitpapercuttingactivities10.areopentothepublicinBeijingtopromotebasicknowledgeofpapercutting.2Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,1.istheresultofthe(compete)fromonlinebookstores.ButthesuccessofSisypheBookstore,oneofthe3.(big)privately-ownedbookstorechainsinChina,mayserve4.agreatexample.(found)in1993,Sisyphestartedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselftosellingbooks,but6.(combine)thefunctionsofbookstore,cafeandsaleof7.(create)culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks,anditalsoallowspeopletoenjoy8.(spend)timereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inreturn,bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls,so9.ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.Sofar,thegovernment10.(offer)taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbookstoreshascome,butdefinitely,weseetheturningpointforthem.3Researchershavediscoveredthepeoplewiththe1.(healthy)heartsintheworld.TheTsimanepeopleliveintheAmazonregionofBoliviaandhavealmostnorisk2.seriousheartdiseasebecauseoftheirplantbaseddietandhighlevelsofphysicalactivity.Besides3.(have)ahealthyheart,theTsimanealsohavelowbloodpressureandlowbloodsugar.This4.(mean)theyarefreeofmanyofthediseasesandconditions5.killhundredsofmillionsaroundtheworld,suchasheartattack,stroke,diabetesandkidneyfailure.Astudyshowedthatan80-year-oldfromTsimanehas6.samecardiovascularageasanAmericanintheirmid-50s.ThestudyontheTsimanewaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Thestudyco-authorDrGregoryS.Thomasstated,“Thisstudysuggeststhatsomediseasescould7.(avoid)ifpeopleadoptedsomeelementsoftheTsimanelifestyle,suchaskeepingtheirbloodpressureandbloodsugarverylow,notsmokingandbeing8.(physical)active.”Headded,“Itmaynotbepossibleforpeopleintheindustrializedworld9.(copy)theTsimanecommunity'swayoflife,buttherearecertainly10.(aspect)oftheirdietandlifestylethatwecanbetterbringintoourlivestohelpreduceourriskofheartdisease.”4TheinformationI1.(collect)overthelastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatspeedreadingmaybeless2.(use)thanmostpeoplethink.Theclaimthatyoucanreadandcomprehendover30,000wordsperminuteisoverstated.Oneresearcherprovedthisinastudywhereirrelevantandillogicalsentenceswereaddedtoatext.The“speedreaders”3.weretesteddidn'tnoticetheirrelevantlines—thenon-speedreadersspottedthemimmediately.I'veinterviewedpeoplewhohaveattendedtheintroductorysessions4.(offer)bysomespeedreadingcourses.5.(they)storiesindicatethatimpropermethodsaresometimesusedtosellthecourses.Here'show:First,you'reaskedtoreadapassagefromabook6.whichmostpersonswouldbeunfamiliar.Yourreadingspeedandcomprehensionaretestedduringthisexercise.Then,afterabouthalf7.hourofinstruction,anotherreadingtestisgiven.ButthistimethereadingisonemosteducatedAmericansknowwell—suchasHuckleberryFinn.Not8.(surprising),personsattendingtheseintroductorysessionsfindthattheir“exit”speedandcomprehensionarebetterthantheir“entry”9.(perform).I'moneofthefictionreaderswhoappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyI'llreadapassageorsentenceoverandoverjust10.(let)thebeautyofitsconstructionsoak(參透)in.Goodwritingmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.5It1.(debate)foryears:Areeggsgoodorbadforyou?Peoplewhoeatanaddedthreeorfoureggsaweekor300milligramsofdietarycholester(膽固醇)perday,haveahigherriskofbothheartdiseaseandearlydeathcomparedwiththosewhoeat2.(few)eggs,newresearchfinds."Eggs,3.(special)theyolk,areamajorsourceofdietarycholesterol,wroteVictorZhong.InastudypublishedFridayinthemedicaljournalJAMA4.therearemanyunexpectedreports,heandhiscolleaguesnotedthatasinglelargeeggcontainsabout186milligramsofcholesterol.Overthefollow-upperiod,atotalof5400cardiovascular(心血管的)5.(event)occurred,including1302fatalandnonfatalstrokes,1897incidentsoffatalandnonfatalheart6.(fail)and113otherheartdiseasedeaths.Anadditional6132participantsdiedofothercauses.7(consume)anadditional300milligramsofdietarycholesterolperdaywasassociated8.a3.2%higherriskofheartdiseaseanda4.4%higherriskofearlydeath,Zhong'sanalysisofthedatashowed.Eggs9.(be)anutritiousfood.Whilethisstudyfocusesontheamountwe'reeating,it'sjustasimportant10.(pay)attentiontohowtheeggsarecookedandtothetrimmingsthatcomewiththem,"saidTaylor,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.6The12thChinaArtsFestivalwillbringaseriesofart1.(activity)totheChineseeconomicandartcenter,Shanghai.FromMay20toJune2,morethan50shows2.(select)nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai,andafineselectionofcreativeculturalproductswill3.(show)attheShanghaiExhibitionCenter.Thefestivalwillinclude4.(vary)artforms,suchasopera,dancing,paintingandphotography.5.2019editionisco-organizedbytheministryofCultureandTourismandtheShanghaimunicipalgovernment.Since6.(it)beginningin1987,thefestivalhaschangedhostcitiesineachedition,travellingtoareasincludingBeijing,Sichuan,Jiangsu,ZhejiangandHubeioverthepastthreedecades.Salesofticketshaveopenedonline,withticketspricedfromnocost7.380yuan,accordingtotheorganizers.8.(allow)alageraudiencetoaccesstheprograms,thefestivalwillalsobebroadcastliveonline.Wewillusenewmediatobringtheshowstomoreordinarypeople,9.willletthemknowmoreaboutthemoderndevelopmentofChinesearts."saidZhuDi,headoftheministry'sartsdepartment.Thisyear'sfestivalisalsoaimedat10.(promote)tourisminShanghaiwitharts.Thelocalgovernmenthasreleasedatotalof40culture-themedtravelroutestoguidevisitorsthroughShanghai'swell-knownlandmarks.7.Learninghowscreentimeshapesanindividual'slifeexperiencerequiresentirelynewapproach,onethat(recognize)thatitisnownotmerehabitbutawayoflife.Tobuildabetter(understand)oftheeffectsofdigitalexperience,scientistsneedtorecordeverything,oneverydevice,anindividualsees,does,andtypes.Theresearcherscallthisultra-fine-grainedrecorda"screenome”.Thepaperpresentedcolour-codedgraphsofthedigitalthreadsof30universitystudents,(monitor)overfourdays.Thegraphsshowedwidedifferencesinpeopleusedtheirscreensfor,aswellasintheirpatternsofswitchingonekindofactivity,likeemail,toanother,suchasentertainmentornews.Somepeopleplacebrief(period)ofworkbetweenhugechunksofstreamingmoviesandYouTube;othersappeartobebouncingbetweenemail,work,andnewssites.Thesepatternscanvarydaytoday,ofcourse,foranyofus.Thedeeperquestionforresearchers,andonewhichtheyhavenothadaneasywaytostudy,ishowtheseshiftingpatternsshape(day)experience.Themostcommonlyciteddownsideoftoomuchscreentimeislowmood,ordepression.Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthat,by(analyze)Facebooklanguageinthisway,theycouldpredictwhetherapersonwasontheirwaytodepressionabout70percentofthetime.8IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitledARealTestinMyLifebeforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow1.(terrible)shyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatscene.Ihadnochoicebut2.(prepare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3.wasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butthehardestpart4.(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory,becausetoreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed.TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodontheplatform6.mylegstremblingandmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfound7.(me)back,givingoutmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8.seemedtobeahundredyears,IfoundmyaudienceapplaudingImadeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforeabigaudiencedisappeared.Actuallyasmy9.(confident)buildsup,Ihaveturnedouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthegreatestdifficultyonourwaytosuccessisourfear.Overcomeit10.wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.99Thereisasayingthatgoes,"AllroadsleadtoRome."Roadswereessentialforthe1.(grow)oftheRomanEmpire.TheseroadsenabledtheRomanstomovearmies2.(efficient).Atitspeak,theRomanroadsystem3.(cover)53,00milesandcontainedabout372links.TheRomansweregoodatconstructingtheseroads，4.werecalledviae(通路).PreparedviaebeganinhistoryasthestreetsofRome.ThelawsoftheTwelveTables十二銅表法)，/r/