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住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財政科學研究院考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據實際調整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.Throughoutmuchofitshistory,westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.ThedecadeaftertheFirstWorldWar—the1920’s—witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt;someofthemoresparselysettledpartsoftheregionactuallylostpopulationasmigrantssoughtworkinmoreheavilyindustrializedareas.By1941whentheUnitedStatesenteredtheSecondWorldWarandbegantomobilize,newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.

Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast,italsoaffectedinteriorcitieslikeDenver.Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.Theflowofpeopleintotheseareasprovidedanenormousimpetustotheexpansionoftheserviceindustries—banks,healthcareservicesandschools.Althoughstrainedtothelimitbytheinfluxofnewcomers,westerncommunitieswelcomedthevastreservoirofnewjobopportunities.Atthesametime,theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.Aslandhadservedasamagnetforwesternmigrantsinthelatenineteenthcentury,sowartimemobilizationsetinmotion.

Thereisanothermajorexpansionofpopulation.Indeed,itcouldbesaidthattheentirewesternUnitedStatesbecameagiantboomtownduringtheSecondWorldWar.ThiswasespeciallytrueofCalifornia:OfmorethaneightmillionpeoplewhomovedintotheWestinthedecadeafter1940,one-halfwenttothePacificcoast.Infact,between1940and1950,California’spopulationsurgedbymorethanthreemillionpeople.

16.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

17.Theword“triggered”isclosetinmeaningto________.

18.Whydoestheauthormention“thegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s”inthefirstparagraph?

19.Accordingtothepassage,thedepressionofthe1930’scausedwhichofthefollowing?

20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheshipbuildingindustryissuggestedbythepassage?

問題1選項

A.CaliforniadominatedtheeconomicgrowthoftheWestduringtheSecondWorldWar.

B.Industrialgrowthduringthe1940’sattractedlargenumbersofpeopletotheWest.

C.Themilitarydrewpeopleawayfromcivilianjobsthe1940’s.

D.TheWestexperiencedgradualandsteadyeconomicgrowthfrom1900to1940.

問題2選項

A.wasconnectedto

B.generated

C.interferedwith

D.illuminated

問題3選項

A.Ascausesofgradualpopulationgrowth.

B.Ascontraststolatepatternsofpopulationgrowth.

C.Asillustrationsofamarketeconomy.

D.Asexamplesofwesternpopulationbooms.

問題4選項

A.AlackofpopulationgrowthintheWest.

B.Thebuildingofnewsuburbs.

C.Acreationofmorejobopportunities.

D.Agrowthinimmigrationfromabroad.

問題5選項

A.ItcameintobeingduringtheFirstWorldWar.

B.ManynewshipbuildingyardswereestablishedonthePacificcoastduringthe1940’s.

C.Denverwasconsideredtobeapoorlocationforshipbuildingfactories.

D.ShipbuildingwasthedominantindustryinOregonandWashington.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章第一段講經濟擴張使西部人口激增,第二段講述工業發展吸引人到西方,又因為人口流動推動服務業發展創造許多工作機會,再次推動人口流向這里,第三段具體講述人口的流動情況,所以B選項“20世紀40年代的工業發展吸引了大量的人到西方”正確。A選項“加州在第二次世界大戰期間主導了西部的經濟增長”:根據第二段第二句Phoenix,andSaltLakeCity,EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashingtonandtheburgeoningsteelindustryinUtahandCalifornia.(俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的鋁廠的建立,以及猶他州和加利福尼亞州蓬勃發展的鋼鐵工業,都產生了同樣引人注目的影響。),可知不只加州推動了經濟增長,表述錯誤。C選項“20世紀40年代,軍事工業把人們從文職工作中吸引過來”:根據第二段倒數第二句theunprecedentedexpansionofgovernmentinstallationsintheWest,suchasmilitarybases,createdthousandsofnewcivilianopenings.(西部政府設施的空前擴張,如軍事基地,出現數千個新的平民的工作機會。),創造的新的工作機會大多被移民進來的平民消化,而不是把做文職工作的人轉移到軍事行業。D選項“從1900年到1940年,西方經歷了緩慢而穩定的經濟增長”文章沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

17.語義推測題。Trigger的意思為“觸發,引發”。根據第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.(第二次世界大戰引起的經濟擴張在西部引發了大規模的人口激增。),可推測這里在講經濟擴張和人口激增的關系,結合第一段第三句westernsettlementhadbeencharacterizedbyspurts,ratherthanbyapatternofgradualandsteadypopulationgrowth,beginningwiththegoldandsilverrushesofthe1850’sand1860’s.(從19世紀50年代和19世紀60年代的淘金熱開始,美國西部移民的特點是人口的快速增長,而不是逐漸穩定的增長模式。),可推測經濟擴張導致人口激增,所以B選項“引發”正確;A選項“有聯系”不具體,不是最佳答案;C選項“妨礙”和D選項“照亮”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句TheeconomicexpansionpromptedbytheSecondWorldWartriggeredaspectacularpopulationboomintheWest.(第二次世界大戰引起的經濟擴張在美國西部引發了大規模的人口激增。)和第二句Ofcourse,theregionwasnostrangertopopulationbooms.(當然,該地區對人口激增并不陌生。),接著舉出例子,可知這一段通過論點和例子表達西部人口激增,所以D選項“作為西部人口激增的例子”正確。A選項“作為人口逐漸增長的原因”和B選項“與人口增長的后期模式形成對比”不是表達的重點。C選項“作為市場經濟的例證”文章沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

19.事實細節題。根據第一段第四句和第五句witnessedanothermajorsurgeofpeoplepouringintotheWest,particularlyintourbanareas.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930’sbroughtthisexpansiontoahalt(見證了另一場大規模的人口涌入美國西部,尤其是涌入城市地區的浪潮。但是20世紀30年代的經濟蕭條使這種擴張停止了),這個擴張指的是人口涌入西方,所以經濟蕭條導致人口增長停滯,A選項“西部缺乏人口增長”正確,D選項“國外移民的增長”錯誤。B選項“新郊區的建設”和C選項“創造更多的就業機會”跟經濟蕭條無關。因此A選項正確。

20.推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和第二段第一句By1941…newjobopportunitieswerecreatedinthewesternpartofthenation.Iftheexpansionofindustries,suchasshipbuildingandaircraftmanufacturing,wasmoststrikingonthepacificcoast…(到1941年……美國西部地區創造了新的就業機會。如果說造船和飛機制造等工業的擴張在太平洋沿岸最為顯著……),可知B選項“20世紀40年代,太平洋沿岸建立了許多新的造船廠”正確,C選項“人們認為在丹佛辦造船工廠的位置不好”沒有提到。A選項“在第一次世界大戰期間形成”:文章沒有提到第一次世界大戰期間的情況,而是在那之后美國西部的情況。D選項“造船是俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的主導產業”:根據第二段第二句EquallydramaticweretheeffectsoftheestablishmentofaluminumplantsisOregonandWashington(俄勒岡州和華盛頓州建立鋁廠所產生的影響也同樣引人注目),不可得出造船是俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的主導產業,屬于過度推斷。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

問題1選項

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項asthewhole和D選項onthewhole都意為“總的來說”,asthewhole強調把部分和整體作為為兩方面,相當于分分結構,onthewhole強調整體包含部分,相當于分總結構;B選項forthewhole和C選項bythewhole非固定搭配。句意:盡管他有偶爾賭博的嗜好,______他仍然被認為是一個好孩子。根據語境,這里強調賭博的嗜好是整體是好孩子的一部分,D選項onthewhole符合題意。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

問題1選項

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項“從來沒有更糟的”;B選項“沒有更好”;C選項“沒有更差”;D選項“從來沒有這么好”。句意:這個可憐的女孩在醫院里住了半年多,但現在_______。根據語境,這里指女孩在醫院待了很久,病情沒有好轉,所以B選項“沒有更好”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”?

問題1選項

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問題2選項

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問題3選項

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問題4選項

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問題5選項

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.(然而,在認知方面,人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜:緩慢而穩定地爬到終點后,勝利出現。),可知人類嬰兒和烏龜的相似在于慢慢走,最終卻能勝利,所以B選項“他們一開始落后,然后慢慢地趕上來了”正確,D選項“他們的認知發展相當緩慢”不是表達的重點,故錯誤。A選項“他們能掌控自己”和C選項“他們優于其他物種的嬰兒”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.(和高貴的烏龜不同,嬰兒是無助的,更確切地說,是絕望的。即使他們嘗試,他們也學不到獨立生存所必需的基本技能。),可知人類嬰兒無助是因為A選項“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經常打盹”:根據第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!(但是,如果說有什么不同的話,那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹!),這里是說人和貓的不同,而不是解釋為什么人類嬰兒無助,故錯誤。C選項“他們不像烏龜那樣固執”和D選項“他們不像其他物種的嬰兒一樣快速學習”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.(我們大腦皮層發育遲緩恰恰是我們獲得文化基礎的原因,比如語言……的確,這三人清楚地表明,我們早期的脆弱是一種進化上的“工程權衡”,就像人類的喉頭一樣——雖然喉頭有助于人類復雜的語言表達,但對于任何想要安全吞下食物的人來說,它實際上是一種相當不穩定的適應。同樣,他們認為,我們學習語言的能力是以長期認知不成熟為代價的。),這里舉喉頭的例子表明長期認知不成熟是為了獲得文化,所以C選項“解釋我們早期認知不成熟的原因”正確。A選項“為了顯示人類喉部的特殊功能”,B選項“強調人類語言的重要性”和D選項“表明人類如何發展語言”:不是表達的重點,故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

34.事實細節題。根據第四段ThePFC…functionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.(PFC……在功能上似乎與一系列復雜的計劃和注意力驅動的行為密切相關。事實上,它經常被稱為大腦的“控制”中心。它的主要功能之一似乎是有選擇地過濾來自感官的信息,讓我們專注于特定的行動、目標或任務。),可知PFC的功能是B選項“幫助執行復雜的計劃和注意力驅動的行為”,同時PFC過濾來自感官的信息,故A選項“從感官收集信息”錯誤。C選項“控制大腦其他區域的發展”和D選項“使人類能夠執行高級任務”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

35.推理判斷題。根據第五段最后一句Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.(不管棘手與否,健康的成年人只要稍有猶豫就能成功完成這項任務。),可知成年人完成任務時有猶豫的情況,所以D選項“成年人可以毫不猶豫地完成任務”正確。根據第六段第二句Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.(通常情況下,年齡越小的孩子,在完成Stroop任務方面表現得越差,而不到四歲的孩子,就會徹底失敗。)和最后一句Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.(根本無法指導三歲的孩子如何注意或回應這個世界。),所以孩子會因為不能理解題目而不能完成測試,A選項“孩子會因為無法理解任務要求而失敗”符合文章意思,故錯誤。根據第四段最后一句“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity(“認知控制”任務被認為是評估PFC功能和成熟度的最佳指標之一)和第五段第一句TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.(Stroop任務是一個簡單的評估成年人的PFC功能的任務。),可知Stroop任務用來評估PFC的成熟度,B選項“這個任務經常被用來評估PFC的成熟度”符合文章意思,故錯誤。根據第五段第二句Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.(這項任務包括說出一個對比色單詞的墨水顏色:例如,你可能會看到單詞“紅”是用綠色墨水寫的,在這種情況下,你必須說“綠”),可知在這個測試中,受試者必須說顏色而不是單詞,C選項“這個任務要求受試者做出與有知識的人相反的反應”符合文章意思,故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Effortsshouldbemadetocultivateabusinessandlegalenvironment_____faircompetitionbetweennationalindustriesandforeign-fundedenterprises.

問題1選項

A.facilitate

B.facilitated

C.facilitating

D.tofacilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我們要著力營造良好的貿易和法制環境,以便促進民族產業與外資企業公平競爭。A選項facilitate動詞原形;B選項facilitated過去分詞,表被動;C選項facilitating現在分詞,表主動;D選項tofacilitate不定式,表目的。根據語境,營造良好的氛圍是為了促進發展,D選項tofacilitate符合題意。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問題1選項

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項discretionary“自由決定的”;B選項bureaucratic“官僚主義的”;C選項compulsory“義務性的”;D選項lucrative“獲利多的”。句意:與其他國家的同類銀行相比,國家銀行一直非常強大。它之所以保持這種效力,部分原因是它對國家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預的阻礙,因此它的行動在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據語境,這里指國家銀行沒有受政府干預的阻礙,在行動上比較自由,所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

問題1選項

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

問題2選項

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

問題3選項

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

問題4選項

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

問題5選項

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。根據第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”(現在問問你自己,“我和我表達的信息有什么聯系?”)和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage(通過識別并分享你與公司信息的個人聯系來展現你的熱情),可知這兩段都在講通過表達自己與自己表達的信息聯系來加強情感聯系,所以A選項“支持同一個主題句”正確。B選項“分別提出相反的觀點”,C選項“后者是前者的例證”和D選項“后者是前者的結果”不符合題意,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.(卓越的企業家和商業專業人士將他們的成功歸功于他們的溝通技巧,每個人都對自己的服務、產品、公司或事業充滿熱情。),可知激情在商務交流上最重要,所以B選項“在傳達信息時表現出熱情”正確。A選項“建立私交”:根據第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.(你們中的一些人可能會說,“我的激情是致富……他們從來沒有討論過他們從富有中得到了多少快樂。相反,他們通過分享自己的故事、軼事和例子,與聽眾建立起一種情感上的融洽),這里表達的是激情不是來自于對致富的渴望,而不是說在商務交流中建立交情很重要,故錯誤。C選項“運用高度的溝通技巧”和D選項“滿足聽眾的情感需求”:文章沒有提到,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.(但無論你是在推銷或推廣一項服務、產品、公司或事業,你如何精心制作和傳遞你的信息可能意味著成功銷售或被解雇的區別。)和第六段倒數第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.(激情將世界上最優秀的推銷員與絕大多數平庸的演講者區分開來。),可知本文一直強調的激情對于需要銷售的職業來說很重要,而演說家不那么需要,所以B選項“售貨員”正確,A選項“企業家”,C選項“演說家”和D選項“店主”錯誤。因此B選項正確。

29.語義推測題。根據最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?(如果你經營一家咖啡店或餐廳,你的激情會是在家庭和工作之間創造一個受歡迎的“第三空間”讓你的顧客享受嗎?),可知第三空間是拿來享受的,所以A選項“一個享受的地方”正確,B選項“一個分享你個人信息的商店”,C選項“咖啡店或餐廳”和D選項“一個可以展示你激情的私密場所”:不符合題意,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

30.語義推測題。根據第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.(我們這個時代的偉大發言人提高了作為一名商業溝通者的意義——你被拿來和他們比較。),可知各個領域的發言人讓商務交流的標準更高,所以A選項“對商務交流者的更高標準”正確。B選項“溝通中信息的更好表達”:表述不準確,故錯誤。C選項“商務交流者應該掌握的10種技巧”和D選項“商務交流者被拿來和發言人比較”:是一方面的內容,不足以概括這部分主旨,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

8.翻譯題

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

41.最近,國際貨幣基金組織的負責人申明,面對各國政府保護主義上升勢頭,各國領導人之間的全球合作和互相理解,對提升目前的經濟復蘇是必須的。

42.由于許多國家的經濟負增長,目前全球的經濟復蘇仍然受限,而科技也抑制了許多人獲取成功的愿望,導致收入不均等差距擴大,結果加劇了許多地區的政治緊張,增加了對全球化利益的懷疑。

43.經濟復蘇會使各國的結構性改革更容易。各國目前所面臨的挑戰實際上是跨國境的,需要各國政府共同努力來解決這些問題;而促進各國合作能最好地幫助成員國建立一個更包容、更有彈性的全球經濟。

44.很多問題都具有全球性特征,需要相互合作,包括反腐敗、保護金融制度改革取得的進展、應對全球氣候變化,以及改善全球貿易體系。各國政府也需要調整以應對技術進步所帶來的對市場,尤其是對金融市場的影響。

【答案】41.Recently,theheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFundaffirmedthatglobalcooperationandunderstandingamongworldleadersisnecessarytoboostthecurrenteconomicrecoveryinthefaceofrisinggovernmentprotectionism.

42.Duetothenegativeeconomicgrowthinmanycountries,thecurrentglobaleconomicrecoveryremainsconstrained,whiletechnologyhasalsosuppressedmanypeople’sdesiretosucceed,leadingtowideningincomeinequality,whichinturnhasexacerbatedpoliticaltensionsinmanyregionsandincreasedsuspicionoftheglobalizationbenefits.

43.Economicrecoverywillmakestructuralreformseasierforcountries.Infact,thecurrentchallengesfacedbyallcountriesarecross-borderandneedthejointeffortsofallgovernmentstosolve.Promotingcooperationamongcountriesisthebestwaytohelpmemberstatesbuildamoreinclusiveandresilientglobaleconomy.

44.Manyissuesareglobalandrequirecooperation,includinganti-corruption,protectingprogressinfinancialsystemreforms,addressingglobalclimatechange,andimprovingtheglobaltradingsystem.Governmentsalsoneedtoadjusttotheimpactoftechnologicalprogress,whichwillalsoaffectthemarket,especiallyfinancialmarkets.

9.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問題1選項

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞搭配。句意:這個學生在課堂上繼續惡作劇,盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據動詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項notto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

10.翻譯題

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