1、小學(xué)英語語法【一】一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹一、一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 get up at six every 3. earth goes around the 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。二、一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1.be 動詞：肯定句：主+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩2.行為動詞：肯定句主+行為動(+其它)。如 study 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(he, she,it)-s-es。如：Mary Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。動詞+s 的變化規(guī)則-s，如：cook-cooks,以s. x. sh. ch. o-es，如：guess-g

2、uesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes以輔音字母結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 特殊：havehas三、一般現(xiàn)在時的變化be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如：I

3、dont like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt doesnt often play. Does主語+Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does 構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑問句：疑問+一般疑問句？如 does your father go to work? 練習(xí)1.He often(have) dinner at home. 2.Daniel

4、and Tommy(be) in Class 3.We(not watch) TV on Monday.4.Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5.they(like) the World Whatthey often(do) on Saturdays? your parents(read) newspapers every 8.The girl(teach) us English on Sundays.9.She and I(take) a walk together every evening. 10.There(be) some water in the

5、 bottle.11.Mike(like) cooking. 12.They(have) the same 13.My aunt(look) after her baby carefully. 14.You always(do) your homework well.15.I(be) Im staying in bed.16.She(go) to school from Monday to 17.Liu Tao(do) not like PE.18.The child often(watch) TV in the evening. 19.Su Hai and Su Yang(have) eig

6、ht lessons this 20. What day(be) it Its Saturday.小學(xué)英語語法【二】現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 1動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+ing.現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。+ be + 主語 + 動詞ing?+ be + 動詞ing?標(biāo)志詞：looknowlistenIts點動詞加ing 的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e 加如 taste-tasting ,writewriting , rideriding,havehaving

7、comecomingdancedancingliveliving taketakingskateskating 3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加如：swimswimming beginbeginningrun-running, sitsittingputputting getgettingshopshoppingstop- stopping現(xiàn)在進行時練習(xí)The boy( draw)a picture now.Listen .Some girls( sing)in the classroom .My mother( cook )some nice foodnow.

8、Whatyou( do ) now?Look . They( have) an English lesson .They(not ,water) the flowers now.Look! the girls(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She(listen ) to Its5oclock now. We(have)supper now Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .小學(xué)英語語法【三】一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中

9、一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；will+ do.be 動詞（am, is, are）not will not 成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Imnot going to have athis afternoon.be或will提到句首，someany,andor人稱互換。例如：We are going to go on an outing thi

10、s weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。問人。Who例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2.問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.問什么時候。When.例

11、如：Shes going togo tobedat nine. When is she goingto bed?六、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.練習(xí)11.Today is a sunny day. We(have) a picnic this afternoon. 12.My brother(go) to Shanghai next week.Tom often(go) to school on foot. But today is rai

12、n. He (go) to school by bike.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually(watch) TV and (catch) insects?Its Fridaytoday.Whatshe(do ) thisweekend? She(watch) and(catch) insects.What(d0) you do last Sunday? I(pick) apples on afarm.What(do) next Sunday? I(milk) 17.Mary(visit) her grandparents tomorrow

13、.18.Liu Tao(fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19.David(give) a puppet show next Monday.20.I(plan) for my study now小學(xué)英語語法【四】一般過去時一、一般過去時語法介紹間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和is 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）was 或were 的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are was 或

14、were 后加not，一般疑問句把was 或were 調(diào)到句首。be動詞的一般過去時的句子否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.diDid Jim go yesterday?+did+主語What did Jim do yesterday?+ went to homeyesterday?二、動詞過去式變化規(guī)則1-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結(jié)尾是e 加d，如：taste-tasted母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped以輔音字母y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不規(guī)則動詞過去式

15、：詞義現(xiàn)在（原形詞義過去式現(xiàn)在（原過去形）是am, is (be)was忘記forgetforgot是are (be)were得到getgot成為becomebecame給givegave開始beginbegan走gowent彎曲bendbent成長growgrew吹blowblew有have, hashad買buybought聽hearheard能cancould受傷hurthurt捕捉catchcaught保持keepkept選擇choosechose知道knowknew來comecame學(xué)習(xí)learnlearned,learnt切cutcut允許，讓letlet做do, doesdid躺

16、lielay畫drawdrew制造makemade飲drinkdrank可以maymight吃eatate意味meanmeant感覺feelfelt會見meetmet發(fā)現(xiàn)findfound必須mustmust飛flyflew放置putput讀readread將shallshould騎、乘riderode唱歌singsang響、鳴ringrang坐下sitsat跑runran睡覺sleepslept說saysaid說speakspoke看見seesaw度過spendspent掃sweepswept（一）beI at school just now.He at the camp last week

17、.We students two years ago.They on the farm a moment ago.Yang Ling eleven years old last year.There an apple on the plate yesterday.There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.五、行為動詞的過去時 練習(xí)一（一）用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.The cat (eat) a bird last night.We (have) a party last Halloween.Na

18、ncy(pick) up oranges on the farm last week.I(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.My mother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.The girls(sing) and(dance) at the party.小學(xué)英語語法【五】現(xiàn)在完成時 1）結(jié)果或影響。My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。Im sure weve met

19、before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）段時間的狀語連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet 等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.3）. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)

20、生的動作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone tohave been to 強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）have gone to 主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：-Wheres your mother? -你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。一 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+have/has否定句：主語+have/ha

21、s+not+動詞的過去分詞+其3.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其Yes,主語+have/has.No, 主語+have/has+not4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他二 常和現(xiàn)在完成時一起連用的時間狀語注意:.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用， (如表示過去的時間狀語 ）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoonsince現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑問）just,before,recently,still,late

22、ly，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(for+短時間， since+ 點時間， so far, how long 提問的疑問句中.He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?如ever, never, twice, several timesHave you ever been

23、 to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用, 如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up present(now), so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.U

24、p to the present everything has been successful.詞。如果謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。 若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,cleansleep,speak,talk,fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep瞬間性動詞:表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, g

25、et up, arrive, reach, get enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （3）joinedShe has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用 has got upHas your brother been aw

26、ay from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、gobe away、comebe here、come back、leavebe not here） 5、buyhave6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead8、beginbeon9finishbeover10openbeopen11closebe12losebelost13gettoknowknow14turnonbeon15getup16、sitdownsit/beseated17、joinbe in（）或be amember18、becomeb

27、e瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。一、單項選擇1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe theywhats happened to him .knew.have known.must know . will 2、He hasbeen to Shanghai, has he?.already. never. ever. 3、Have you met Mr. Li？.just. ago.before.a moment 4、The famous writerone n

28、ew book in the past two year . iswriting.waswriting.wrote.has 5、Our countrya lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even . haschanged ; well.changed; good. haschanged ; better.changed; better6、ZhaoLanalready inthisschool for two years .was; studyinghas; studied. will; study. are; studying7、WeXiao Li si

29、nce she was a little girl . know.hadknown. haveknown. 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. Iit twice .willsee.haveseen.saw.see9、These farmershave been totheUnitedStatesReally? When there?. will they go.did they go. do they go.have they 10、youyour homework yet ?Yes. Iit a moment ago.Did; do; finished.

30、Have; done; .Have; done; have finished.will; do; finish11、 His fatherthe Party since 1978 .joined.has joined.was inD. has been 12、Do you know him well ?Sure .Wefriends since ten years ago .were.havebeen.havebecome.havemad113、long have youhere ?About two e. 14、Hurry up! The playfor ten minutes.has be

31、gun. had begun.has been on. 15、 Ittenyears since he left the army .is. has. will. 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. sheto the library. has gone. went.will go.has been17、My parents Shandong for ten years.have been in. have been to.have gone to. have 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A. so

32、theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent they19has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, 20、 His unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university小學(xué)英語語法【六】過去進行時

33、過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常和表過去的時間狀語連用，如： I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。They were waiting for you yesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。過去進行時的構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+was/were+V-ing否定形式：主語+was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)+V-ing 疑問形式：Was/Were+主語+V-ing。基本用法：過去進行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有，a

34、t that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), 點鐘+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sthWhat were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七點你在干什么？IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthe我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前，當(dāng)時她在一家無線電商店工作。I was cooking when she knocked at the doo

35、r. 她敲門時我正在做飯。when語從句中，謂語動詞常用進行時態(tài)，如：When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.when的過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。when“（這時）whenI was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見了他。We were playing outsi

36、de when it began to rain. 我們正在外邊玩，這時下起雨來了一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較：一般過去時表示“在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)”，而過去進行時則表示“在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作”。如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night. 湯姆昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了）Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.湯姆昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完，只是強調(diào)了動作的延續(xù)性）。過去進行時和一般過去時的差別：“在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作”

37、。例如： I was reading an English novel last night. 昨晚我在看一本英文小說。（可能沒看完）I read an English novel last night我昨晚看了一本英文小說。（已經(jīng)看完二、 選擇題。（ ）1.Icooked a meal when youme.a. cooked, were ringingb. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringingd. cooked, rang（ ）2. He said heto draw a plane on the blackboard at that

38、time.a. triesb. triedc. was tryingd. will try（ ）3. While sheTV, shea sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearingb. watched, was hearingc. watched, heardd. was watching, heard（ ）4.Theya football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watchingb. watchc. watchedd. are watching（）5. What bookyouwhen

39、I you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeingc. were, reading, sawb. did, read, sawd. were, reading, was seeing（ ）6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Greenready to fly to England.a. are gettingb. getc. were gettingd. got（ ）7. Lei Fengalwaysof others when hein the army.a. is, thinking,

40、 wasb. was, thinking, isc. did, think, isd. was, thinking, was（ ）8. A girlmy pen fall off the table when sheme.a. saw, passedb. was seeing, passedc. was seeing, passedd. was seeing, was passing（ ）9. Wefor tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us.a. were waiting, waitingb. were waiting, waitc. waited

41、, waitingd. waited, wait（ ）10.Hehis father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helpsb. would helpc. was helpingd. is helping（ ）11.While mothersome washing, Ia kite for Kate.a. did, madeb. was doing, madec. was doing, was makingd. did, was making（ ）12. “you angry then?” “theytoo much noise.”a. are, were makingb. were, were makingc. are, maded. were, made（ ）13. Hesome c