1、第一章 緒論Introduction醫學心理學概述1第一章 緒論Introduction醫學心理學概述醫學心理學概述 About Medical Psychology醫學心理學的研究方法 Research Methods醫學心理學概述2醫學心理學概述 醫學心理學概述2About Medical PchologyMedical Psychology 的概念和研究范圍 Medical Psychology 是醫學和心理學相結合的交叉學科，它研究心理學變量與健康或疾病變量之間的關系，研究解決醫學領域中有關健康和疾病的心理行為問題。醫學心理學概述3About Medical PchologyMedic

2、al Key WordsMedical psychology Medical psychology is a branch of applied psychology devoted to psychological problems arising in the practice of medicine, including psychological aspects of pain, terminal illness, bereavement, disability, and reactions to medical advice.醫學心理學概述4Key WordsMedical psyc

3、hology醫學心研究心理行為的生物學和社會學基礎及在健康和疾病中的意義 心理的實質研究心身相互作用的規律和機制研究心理行為因素在疾病發生、發展、診斷、治療和康復及健康維護過程中的作用和規律性格與疾病研究各種疾病過程中的心理行為變化及干預方法研究如何將心理行為的科學知識和技術應用于醫學其他領域醫學心理學概述5研究心理行為的生物學和社會學基礎及在健康和疾病中的意義 心心理的實質心理是腦的機能，即任何心理活動都產生于腦，所有心理活動都是腦的高級機能的表現 （如前額葉損傷與異常社會行為有關等）心理是客觀現實的主觀能動的反映，即所有心理活動的內容都來源于外界，是客觀事物在腦中的主觀反映。（狼孩、代溝、

4、性格與成長環境等）醫學心理學概述6心理的實質心理是腦的機能，即任何心理活動都產生于腦，所有心理A型性格與冠心病 A型行為模式表現為:個性強,過分的抱負,強烈的競爭意識,固執,好爭辯,說話帶有挑釁性,急噪,緊張,好沖動,大聲說話,做事快,走路快,說話快,總是匆匆忙忙,富含敵意,具有攻擊性等. 抑郁型性格與健康 抑郁是常見的心理感冒,許多人都不同程度的感受過情緒低落給人帶來的精神上的痛苦.表現出:對自己不滿,對生活不滿,悲觀絕望,失眠或嗜睡,食欲下降,不愿活動和參加社交活動,思維遲鈍,反應緩慢,注意力不能集中,厭世并有自殺念頭. 癌癥敏感型性格 調查發現:克己、壓抑、焦慮、易怒、抑郁、無助、敵視、

5、完美主義、過分為別人著想等性格與癌癥有關.外界社會生活壓力作用于有上述性格的人,產生抑郁、憤怒和悲觀的情緒,影響內分泌的正常功能,造成腎上腺激素和腎上腺皮質激素分泌增加,使免疫功能下降,產生腫瘤. 醫學心理學概述7A型性格與冠心病 醫學心理學概述7About Medical PchologyMedical Psychology 的分支和相關學科Clinical Psychology （臨床心理學）Neuropsychology （神經心理學）Physiological Psychology & Psychological Physiology （生理心理學與心理生理學 ）Abnormal Ps

6、ychology （變態心理學）Health Psychology （健康心理學）Psychosomatic Medicine （心身醫學）Behavioral Medicine （行為醫學） 醫學心理學概述8About Medical PchologyMedical About Medical PchologyMedical Model（醫學模式）與 Medical Model的轉變 Medical Model是從總體上認識健康和疾病及其相互轉化的哲學觀點Biological Medical Model（生物醫學模式）Bio-psycho-social Medical Model（生物-心理

7、-社會醫學模式）Holistic Medical Model（整體醫學模式）醫學心理學概述9About Medical PchologyMedical 神靈主義的醫學模式自然哲學的醫學模式Biological Medical Model 身心二元論Bio-psycho-social Medical Model 身心統一論Holistic Medical Model 健康是整體素質健康，即身體素質、心理素質和素質三者完整結合：疾病是整體素質不好，主要是不良的行為習慣和行為方式導致。醫學心理學概述10神靈主義的醫學模式醫學心理學概述10Key WordsMedical model Medical

8、model means the concepts, assumptions and rules that doctors and researchers in their pursuit of knowledge and the solution of problems, the brief definition is the opinion of health and disease. Bio- Psych-Social medical model Biological factors, psychological factors and social factors can all eff

9、ect health and disease, and also effect the treatment.醫學心理學概述11Key WordsMedical model醫學心理學概述1Key WordsThe holistic medical model Health consists of physical health, psychological health and having a good social function. Holistic medical model thinks that the behavior is more important factor effect

10、ing health and disease.醫學心理學概述12Key WordsThe holistic medical Research Methods描述心理行為狀況檢驗變量間的關系預測對象將來的發展醫學心理學概述13Research Methods描述心理行為狀況醫學心理學概Research MethodsCross-section studie&Longitudinal study （橫斷研究與縱向研究）Prospective study & Retrospective study （前瞻性研究與回顧性研究）醫學心理學概述14Research MethodsCross-section

11、 Research MethodsObservation method（觀察法）Case study（個案法）Correlational research（相關研究）Test method（測驗法）Survey method（調查法）Experimental method（實驗法）醫學心理學概述15Research MethodsObservation meKey WordsObservational method A research methodology most often used in certain areas of social psychology, developmenta

12、l psychology, and ethology in which the investigator records behavior as far as possible without influencing it. An observational field study is conducted in a naturally occurring situation, and an observational laboratory study is carried out in an artificial laboratory environment.醫學心理學概述16Key Wor

13、dsObservational method醫Key WordsSurvey research Research methods for investigating the distribution of attitudes, opinions, mental disorders, and other characteristics of individuals in specific sections of a population, or in a whole population, often broken down into demographic groups defined by

14、geographical location, ethnic identity, age, sex, social class, marital status, education, and similar criteria. Surveys designed to compare different cultures or subcultures are called cross-cultural survey.醫學心理學概述17Key WordsSurvey research醫學心理學概Key WordsCase study A research method involving a det

15、ailed investigation of a single individual or a single organized group, used extensively in clinical psychology and also, though less often, in other branches of the discipline. In case studies of organized groups, participant observation is often used.醫學心理學概述18Key WordsCase study醫學心理學概述18Key Words

16、Correlation study A non- experimental type of research design, without manipulation of an independent variables, in which patterns of correlations between two or more variables are analyzed.Experimental design The general plan of an experiment, including the method of assigning research participants

17、 or subjects to treatment conditions, controlling extraneous variables, manipulating the independent variable, and measuring the dependent variable.醫學心理學概述19Key Words Correlation study醫學心SummaryMedical psychology revolves around the idea that both the body and mind are one, indivisible structure. Co

18、ntinuing with this line of thought, all diseases whether of the mind or of the physical body must be treated as if they have both been affected. The intent of Medical Psychology is to apply knowledge from all branches of psychology and medicine in the prevention, assessment, and treatment of all for

19、ms of physical diseases. Medical psychology asserts its main function in the determination of personality styles of coping and the examination of attitudes of an individual in response to subjective and objective stressors. Medical psychologists also help in the determination of genetic, biochemical

20、, and physiologic factors in illnesses and reaction to illnesses. These are joined with psychosocial factors deemed contributory to diseases processes. Specific behavioral methods are then used to help the person match coping and management skills to the persons ability, character, and personality s

21、tyle.醫學心理學概述20SummaryMedical psychology revoSummaryThe biopsychosocial model was developed by Dr. George Engel who was a Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine. The biopsychosocial model takes into account the psychological, interpersonal and societal influences in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The components of the biopsychosocial model add to the purely biomedical model of clinical care which focuses on pathology and the mechanisms of disease and therapeut