1、第三專題 名詞性從句重點與難點1理解名詞性從句的本質2連接詞的選擇3It 作形式主語和作形式賓語與主語從句和賓語從句4分析從句結構 5名詞性從句與虛擬語氣一名詞性從句概念 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名 詞或名詞短語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它 在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從 句。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he doe

2、s every day.I dont like his job,I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.牛刀小試The question is whether it is worth doing.That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.They know that the habit may kill them.They were

3、all worried over the fact that you were sick.引導名詞性從句的連接詞連接代詞Who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever 等連接副詞When, where, why, how, however, wherever等連接詞That, whether, if, as if 等A. 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which 等在從句中既起連接作用，同時又擔當主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。 No one knows he was waiting for.We are worrying about

4、we should do next.Tell me house it is.Let me know train you will be arriving on.B .連接副詞 when, where, why, how 等 在從句中既是連接詞，又作狀語。I dont know we are going to have the meeting.She always thinks of she can work well.What I am anxious to know is we can visit the museum.that連詞that本身沒有意義，在從句中不擔任任何句子成分，在賓語從句

5、中有時可省略。I hear (that) he has joined the football club.That he stole a bike was true.whether 和 if連詞whether和if本身有意義(是否)，在從句中不可省略。whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句，而if只能引導賓語從句。I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. The question is whether it s worth trying.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.He mu

6、st answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.whether引導的賓語從句可作介的賓語，而if則不能。It all depends on whether they will support us.Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever等 whoever = anyone who 任何人, 無論誰；whatever =anything that 凡是.，無論什么；

7、whichever = anything that 無論那一個, 任何一個； whomever.however. wherever. comes to the club is welcome. is worth doing at all is worth doing well. Ill take book interests me.You may offer the book to wants it.You may offer the book to you like.三.主語從句用作主語的從句叫主語從句。That在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接 副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又

8、起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。Who will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held is unknown. What he is looking for is none of your business.亮劍 he will succeed is certain . he will go there is not known . he said is not true . he hid the money is to be found out .comes is welcome. we ca

9、n help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.theyll start the game has not been decided yet.單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句 作主語，謂語動詞則用復數形式。Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered, and why he was murdered are still unknown.有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用 it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句

10、首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：1)It + be + adj. + 從句 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.2)It + be + n. + 從句 It is a pity that he missed the lecture.3)It + be + 過去分詞 + 從句It is said that they have won the game.4)It + be + vi. + 從句 It seems that something is wrong with the com

11、puter.四表語從句 引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時 用as if, because引導。其基本結構為：主語+系動詞+ that從句可接表語從句的連系動詞可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.It appears that he has a taste for music.At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the ri

12、ght word anyhow.because, why引導的表語從句I think it is because you are talking too much.Thats because he didnt understand me. (Thats because 強調原因)強調結果）Thats why he got angry with me.( Thas why強調結果）汪意當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because0The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.C.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示

13、建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用should+動詞原形表示，should 可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.His proposal was that they (should ) challenge the other classes to afriendly competition. 亮劍The fact is we have lost the game.Thats just I want.This

14、is our problem lies.That is he didnt come to the meeting.It looks it is going to rain.五.賓語從句在復合句中用作動詞賓語或介詞賓語的從句叫賓語從句。A.作動詞賓語He told us( that) he felt ill.Do you know whose dictionary it isdoubt （懷疑）的肯定句接if/whether引導的賓語從句，但否定句和疑問句接that引導的賓語從句。 I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。I do not do

15、ubt that he can recite the poem.Do you doubt that he will win作介詞的賓語I am curious about what he will say.Your success will depend upon what you do and how you do it.作形容詞的賓語I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能確定我該做什么。Im afraid (that) you dont understand what I said. 恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。Im suprised (that) I di

16、dnt see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒見過那一切。it作形式賓語的情況和it作形式主語一樣，我們常用it來作形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句放在句末，這種情況尤其出 現在帶復合賓語的句子中。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.賓語從句的語序和其他詞性從句一樣，賓語從句必須使用陳述語序。How can I get to the station Can you tell meCan you tell m

17、e how I can get to the station賓語從句中的時態在一般情況下，賓語從句中時態要和主句相一致，尤其是主句為過去時態時。He said that he had lived in Beijing since 1983.He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English.客觀真理和自然規律的內容在賓語從句中時態保持不變。Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.Columbus proved that the earth is round.使用虛擬語氣的

18、賓語從句在 suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等表示建議、命令、要 求、欲望動詞后面的賓語從句中，用虛擬語氣，即should +動詞原形，should常被省略。He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision.She insisted that they should show her their passports.在wish后面的賓語從句中需要用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反或難

19、以實現的愿望。How I wish I had learned more!He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad.I. Whether與if的選擇whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句 中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether.介 詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導，要用whether 和 what。I dont care about whether you have money or not.Everyth

20、ing depends on whether we have enough money.J.含有賓語從句復合句的反意疑問句反意疑問句一般與主句一致。He said they were going to help me, didnt he？She told you that the mat was her own work, didnt she當主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動詞是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope等詞時，反意疑問句應與賓語從句保持一致。這時特別要注意否定轉移的問題。I suppose youre serious, are

21、nt you 我想你是當真的，不是嗎？（不可用 dont I）I dont suppose hes serious, is he 我想他不是當真的，是嗎？ （不可用 do I） 提示：如果主語是第二、第三人稱，則疑問句部分與主句一致，且不存在否定轉移的問題 You dont think we can speak English, do you 你認為我們不會說英語，對嗎？He thinks hes got the right answer, doesnt he 他認為自己找到了正確的答案，是嗎？ 亮劍It all depends on they will support us .He aske

22、d I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .I find it necessary we should do the homework.六同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容。同位語從句一般由that引導, 但也可以由whether以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導。同位語從句一般跟在扌由象名詞 fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinio

23、n, decision, discovery, truth, promise, problem 等的面。They were all very much worried over the fact you were sick.Where did you get the idea I could not comeI have no idea hell come or not.It is a question he did it.There is no doubt we will win.當含有同位語從句的主句謂語部分過短時，可以把謂語動詞提前，使同位語從句與名詞隔開，以避免頭重腳輕的現象。Word

24、 came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.B.使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句在一些表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形表示，should 可省略。This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.He made the suggestion that we go by train.考點小結考點一、名詞性從句中連接詞的選擇考點二、作形式主語或形式賓語考點三、名詞性從句與虛擬語

25、氣考點四、特殊句式名詞性從句解題步驟建議找出主句，再找出從句分析從句結構結合句子意思選擇合適的連接詞名詞性從句鞏固練習1. the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yetWheneverB. If C. Whether D. ThatIt worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.whileB. thatC. ifD. for is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.Ther

26、eB. ThisC. ThatD. ItThe whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware she had gone .that whereB. of the place which C. of whatD. of where he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter you have done might do harm to other people.That B. What C

27、. WhichD. This leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The reasonC. WhoeverD. Who caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The oneC. AnyoneD. WhoeverThe question remains the Par

28、ty can win the majority of the people .A. that B. ifC. whetherD. /I remember this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. howC. whereD. what12. You cant imagine when they rtehceesievneidce Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were excitedSa

29、rah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.A .anyoneB. whomeverCan you make sure the gold ring ?A. where Alice had putC. where Alice has putA .anyoneB. whomeverCan you make sure the gold ring ?A. where Alice had putC. where Alice has putNo one can be sure in a million years.A. what man wil

30、l look likeC. man will look like whatCan you tell me ?A. who is that gentlemanC. who that gentleman isThey want to know do to help us.A. what can theyB .what they canWould you please tell me the airport ?A. how I can get to B. how can I get toIt was a matter ofC. whoeverD. no matter whowhere had Ali

31、ce putD. where has Alice putwhat will man look likeD. what look will man likethat gentleman is whoD. whom is that gentlemanhow they canD. how can theywhere I can get to D. where I can get toA. whowould take the position.C. whomB. whoeverD. whomeverSomeone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who i

32、s he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it isLittle Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master he had the day before.A. thatB. howC. whereSomeone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it isLittle Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master he had the day be

33、fore.A. thatB. howC. whereGo and get your coat. Its you left it.A. thereB. whereC .there where23. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. I got wet through.A. Its the reasonB. Thats whyC. Theres whyD. whatD. where thereD. Its how24.It is important you win or lose ; what matters is how you play the

34、 game .A. whetherB. as ifwhom D. thatThere was much certainty the board of directors would agree to our various proposalsfor increasing sales.A. which B. why C. / D. thatThey have no idea at all.A. where he has gone B. there did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he goneGreenland, island i

35、n the world, covers over two million square kilometers.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the matchA. There. .thatB. It. .thatC. There. .whetherD. It. .whetherWe will soon discuss the problem we should take some

36、effective measures to protectthe animals and plants in our region.A. if B. whether C. that D. ever since is quite clear.A. Where is the fighting B. Why is the fightingC. What war is D. What is war beingThe reason he didnt come to our party was he took a missing boy backhome on his way.A. why.because

37、 B.why.thatC. that.whyD. that.that that not all government officials are honest.A. It seems to me B. In my opinion, I believeC. My believing is D. I think in my mind is more and less advanced can pass the test.A. AnyoneB. WhoC. WhoeverD. A student land ownership in some counties is unfair obvious.Wh

38、at. isB. Whether.areC. That.isD. If.isThe reason I plan to go is if I dont.A. because she will be disappointedthat she will be disappointedbecause she will have a disappointmenton account of she will be disappointedShe wanted to know.A. whether I knew her and where did she workif I know her and the factory she worked therewhether I knew her and the factory she workedif I knew her and the factory where she workedMy father wouldnt tell me his new car.A. how much he paid for C. he paid how much forhow much did he payA. how much he paid for C. he paid how