1、文檔編碼 : CH6Y2M4X1P3 HC6A9S8X3H7 ZC2G7Q7O4W6英語考試作文GRE寫作 Issue 部分精品素材共享之個性類 別想要在 GRE作文部分的考試中寫出優秀 的文章,論據素材是重要的一環；好的論據不僅能幫忙你支撐觀點,加強說服力,仍能表達出考生在閱讀量上的積存和深厚扎實的語言功 底基礎；特別是 ISSUE作文,更是需要大量好素材作為儲備,才能保 證考生無論遭受那種題目, 都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的寫作；為大家整理了 GRE ISSUE作文各類題目的精品優質素材, 一起來看吧；“ 霍蘭德編碼” 的六大個性類別Holland Codes are personal

2、ity types created by psychologist John L. Holland as part of his theory of career choice. Holland mapped these types into a hexagon which he then broke down into the RIASEC job environments. Holland argues that 2-3 types dominate in each person. 1. Realistic practical, physical, hands-on, tool-orien

3、ted 2. Investigativeanalytical, intellectual, scientific, explorative 3. Artistic creative, original, independent, chaotic 4. Social cooperative, supporting, helping, healing/nurturing 5. Enterprisingcompetitive environments, leadership, persuading 6. Conventional detail-oriented, organizing, cleric

4、al 團體對行為的影響In addition to belonging to the social and cultural settings into which they are born, people voluntarily join groups based on shared occupations, beliefs, or interests such as unions, political parties, or clubs. Membership in these groups influences how people think of themselves and ho

5、w others think of them. These groups impose expectations and rules that make the behavior of members more predictable and that enable each group to function smoothly and retain its identity. The rules may be informal and conveyed by example, such as how to behave at a social gathering, or they may b

6、e written rules that are strictly enforced. Formal groups often signal the kind of behavior they favor by means of rewards such as praise, prizes, or privileges and punishments such as threats, fines, or rejections. 行為學家關于個性準備行為的理論Behaviorists explain personality in terms of the effects external sti

7、muli have on behavior. It was a radical shift away from Freudian philosophy. This school of thought was developed by B. F. Skinner who put forth a model which emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or “the organism ”with its environment. Skinner believed that children do bad things because

8、the behavior obtains attention that serves as a reinforcer. For example: a child cries because the child .s crying in the past has led to attention. These are the response, and consequences. The response is the child crying, and the attention that child gets is the reinforcing consequence. According

9、 to this theory, people .s behavior is formed by processes such as operant conditioning. Skinner put forward a “ three term contingency model” which helped promote analysis of behavior based on the “Stimulus ResponseConsequence Model” in which the critical question is: “ Under which circumstances or

10、 antecedent , stimuli. does the organism engage in a particular behavior or , response ., which in turn produces a particular , consequence.”社會和階層對行為的影響Fair or unfair, desirable or undesirable, social distinctions are a salient part of almost every culture. The form of the distinctions varies with p

11、lace and time, sometimes including rigid castes, sometimes tribal or clan hierarchies, sometimes a more flexible social class. Class distinctions are made chiefly on the basis of wealth, education, and occupation, but they are also likely to be associated with other subcultural differences, such as dress, dial