1、第八講：詞類轉換譯例導入The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of the international law.使用核武器明顯違反國際法名詞轉為動詞漢語動詞用的多，是組句表意的核心通常，這個名詞是由“動詞+后綴”轉化而來Mary is a crazy lover of pop music.Mary 寵愛流行音樂She is a famous singer.她是知名的唱歌家Some of my friends are really good singers.我的一些朋友唱歌確實很棒John used to be a chain-smoker

2、.John 過去抽煙很厲害，一支接一支An acquaintance of the cultures of the English-speaking countries is very helpful to translation.了解一下英語國家的文化對于翻譯很有幫助The local government called for the establishment of more such technical schools.當地政府呼吁創辦更多這樣的技術學校He taught me the value of an opportunity. 他教會我要珍惜每一次時機The sight of

3、the Oriental Pearl TV Tower always fills the people in Shanghai with pride.看到東方明珠，上海人心中總是布滿了傲慢感He gave his friends a vivid description of his first years life in the university.他向朋友們生動地描述了他第一年的大學生活His girlfriend gave him a black look and left.女朋友瞪了他一眼，然后離開了介詞轉化為動詞We drove home a bit after midnight,

4、over the river and through the lovely sleeping old town.時過午夜，我們驅車回家，先過了河，又穿過了這個酣睡中的古老而得意的城市We often go to work by the shuttle bus.我們經常乘班車上班It is not good to go to bed on a full or an empty stomach.吃得太飽或者空腹都不宜上床睡覺The boss sat by his desk amid the morning mails.老板坐在辦公桌前處理早晨的郵件He was between sheets by

5、eleven. 11 點鐘時他已經躺在被窩里了The dog is on the chain.狗用鏈子鎖著The boy slipped on a banana skin.男孩踩上一塊香蕉皮，滑了一下She inspected the table for dust with her fingers.她用手指摸摸桌面，檢查是否有灰塵形容詞轉化動詞If we are ignorant of the culture of a language, we can never be a real master of it.假設我們對語言背后的文化一無所知，就不行能真正把握這門語言He said it wa

6、s an informative meeting.他說這次會議上透露了不少消息I am quite sure that I will defeat John this time.我堅信這次我確定能夠戰勝 JohnThey were suspicious and resentful of the newcomer.對于來的這個人，他們不但不信任，還厭煩他副詞轉化動詞She opened the window to let the fresh air in.她翻開窗戶好讓穎空氣進來When she came back, she found all the lights on.她回來時，覺察全部的燈

7、都亮著動詞轉譯名詞通常這個動詞是由“名詞+后綴”轉化而來Formality has always characterized their relationship.他們之間的關系，有一個特點，那就是以禮相待A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一個穿著講究的人上了車，他的外表和談吐都像美國人His only mission in life, it seems, is to contribute, in one way or another, to the education of

8、 the underprivileged in the society.他一生的唯一使命好似就是想方法讓社會上的弱勢群體承受訓練，并為此做出自己的奉獻As head of the government and head of the state, the President personifies the nation he leads.作為政府首腦和國家元首，總統成了他所領導的國家的化身The dove and the olive symbolize peace and love.鴿子和橄欖枝是愛與和平的象征He warned that the bilateral ties would su

9、rely be jeopardized by a continuation of the war.他警告說，假設戰斗連續進展下去，兩國關系極有可能受到危害This region must be protected from too frequent visits.該地區必需加以保護，避開過于頻繁的參觀形容詞轉名詞They tried their best to help the sick and the wounded.他們盡力幫助病號和傷員Official Washington is going to reject this proposal.華盛頓官方將要駁回這項提案rural China

10、中國的農村coastal China central America美國中部John was eloquent and elegantbut soft.John 既有口才又有風度，就是太脆弱了His friends consider him insincere.朋友們都認為他是個偽君子名詞轉形容詞Independent thinking is an absolute necessity for anyone who wants to be a success in his life.一個人要想成功，獨立思考力氣是必不行少的As a perfect stranger in Shanghai, h

11、e has to find a local to accompany him wherever he goes.由于對上海完全生疏，每次出門他都得找個當地人伴隨 He was surprised at the singularity of the stranger s appearance. 那個生疏人長相怪異，令他驚異不已I recognized the stupidity of dealing with them through a go-between.我意識到，通過中間人跟他們打交道是多么愚蠢動詞轉形容詞When I cross the road, I always watch out

12、.過大路時，我總是很留神副詞轉形容詞One reason that women committed suicide about one-fourth as often as men is that they think differently.女性自殺的幾率大約只有男性的四分之一，緣由之一就是她們的思維方式是不一樣的I was deeply impressed by the movie Titanic. Titanic 這部電影給我留下了深刻的印象The sun rose thinly from the sea.淡淡的太陽從海上升起She has prepared very meticulou

13、sly for the coming examination.她為馬上到來的考試做了格外周密的預備形容詞轉副詞The viewers commented that the play is a sheer waste of time.看過戲的人評價說這部戲純粹就是鋪張時間As the votes indicate, Tom is in a clear minority. 投票結果顯示，Tom 明顯屬于少數Heated discussions about this topic arose on every corners of the campus.大學校園里處處都是人們在吵鬧地爭辯著這樣一個話題

14、“We placed the highest value on our friendly relations with the developing nations ”, said President Bush.Bush 總統說：“我們極為看重與進展中國家的友好關系?！盩he holiday is around the corner, so lets give our dorm a thorough clean.假期就要來了，我們把寢室徹底清掃一下吧I will never forget his continuous encouragement when I was young.我永久也不會遺

15、忘，在我小時候，他總是不斷地鼓舞我副詞與名詞的轉換Advanced in years, the scientist is physically weak but mentally good.這些年來，這位老科學家身體雖弱，但精神尚佳He was very hospitable and even had the kindness to show me the way.他格外好客，甚至好意地為我指路句式轉移選擇性轉移I did it myself to spare your trouble. 我自己辦了，免得給你添麻煩 我自己辦了，免得麻煩你句式轉移強制性轉移She is no less beau

16、tiful than her sisters.她跟她姐妹一樣秀麗她的美貌不亞于她的姐妹句式轉移伴隨性轉移Ignorance of the law excuses no man from practicing it.誰也不能以不知法為借口，不受法律制裁句子成分之間的轉換My admiration for my teacher grows ever more.我越來越鄙視我的教師主謂轉換He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for research.他工作不多，教學任務很輕，有大量的時機從事爭辯工作賓語轉換為主

17、語In 1955, Einsteins life ended peacefully at the age of seventy-six1955 年，愛因斯坦安靜地離開了人世，終年七十六歲修飾語變主語The long negotiations produced shifting and sometimes curious alignments between nations.在長期的談判過程中，國家與國家之間形成了變化不定而且有時顯得驚異的陣線主語轉換為狀語簡潔、復合句轉換If I see Tom, I will tell him about it.見到 Tom 我就告知他The men who

18、 worked for him lived under mortal fear.在他手下工作的人對他怕得要死A well-off society in an all-round way seems only one generation away.或許再經過一代人的努力，我們就能全面實現小康社會The sharp divergence of opinion at the meeting makes it difficult to adopt any meaningful resolution.由于會上意見分歧很大，因此很難通過任何具有實際意義的決議His superior grades at high school enabled him to enrollat Cornell, one of the most prestigious universities in the wor