1、2021屆高考英語二輪復習閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據“位”而思_根據三類空格位置準解題目2021屆高考英語二輪復習閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據“位”而思_根據三類空格位置準解題目2021屆高考英語二輪復習閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據“位”而思_根據三類空格位置準解題目第二講據“位”而思根據三類空格位置準解題目上一講從宏觀上解讀了解答閱讀七選五必備的思維意識,是第一遍讀題后對空格匹配選項的初判；但為了確保答案萬無一失,知其然更知其所以然,本講從空格位置及所承擔的語意關系層面講解做題技法。本講內容與上一講內容是相輔相承的，做題時要綜合靈活運用，融會貫通才能游刃有余.一、設空在段首若是

2、針對段落小標題設空，其呈現形式應和其他小標題相同，選項應短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動名詞短語或祈使句.若段落首句設空,段首句要么與段落標題相關聯，要么是段落主題句，選項要具有概括性，要么承接上段,要么是對下文的概括。思考點(一）段落主題句當某段開頭處設空時,通常要填的內容是該段的主題句，考生需要認真研讀該段內容,尤其是設空處后面的一兩句,確定線索詞，然后從備選項中查找這些線索詞的同義詞、近義詞或關聯詞。一般正確選項與空后第一句在內容上是連貫且符合邏輯的，在意義上是緊密銜接的。典例1（2019全國卷）_37_ Questions about subject content are generall

3、y welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus （教學大綱) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.AThats what they are for.BTurn to an online instructor for help。CIf more information is needed, they will ask。DRemember tha

4、t online professors get a lot of emails。EBelow are some common dos and donts for online learners。FEveryone has taken a notso.great class at one time or another。GAsk questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions。分析：本題考查段落主題句.本段主要介紹了應該提問什么樣的問題，所提的問題要確保答案不能顯而易見。本段內容圍繞“questions”展開，故G項“提問

5、題，并且要確保所提問題是經過深思熟慮的好問題”,符合語境.故選G。思考點(二）承上啟下句當非首段的第一句設空時，設空處有可能是承上啟下句,這就要求考生既要熟悉上一段的內容，尤其是上一段結尾的內容，又要結合本段內容,使所選答案能夠把兩段內容進行無縫對接。典例2(2020全國卷)37_BIt_is_traditional_to_bring_a_gift_to_a_housewarming_party。 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stor

6、es。Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant._38_ This is often appreciated since at a housewarmi

7、ng there isnt a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will， however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home。Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their

8、new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.39_AThis_isnt_usual_though。AThis isnt usual though。BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party。CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests。DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.EIt al

9、so gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.FThe best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.GThis was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.分析：本題考查段落之間的銜接。前面段落所講內容為帶禮物，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術品或綠植。本空承接上文，也應與禮物相關，根據設空處后面的句子“This is often appreciated s

10、ince at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served。”可知，空處所帶的禮物應與食物相關，故選C。二、設空在段中當設空在段中時，通常考查該空與前后句子之間的邏輯關系和上下文的銜接。考查的邏輯關系：總分關系、解釋關系、例證關系、轉折關系、因果關系、遞進關系和并列關系7大關系。有時會出現下列銜接詞語：first, second， then, next， later, soon， so， but, however， additionally， whats more, that is， namely, in other words， for on

11、e thing 。.for another等。思考點(一）總分關系典例3（2017全國卷）The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._37_We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom。This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off fr

12、om work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning。AThis time there was no tent。BThings are going to be improved。CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then， however。EI must say that I have certainly come to enj

13、oy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping。GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析:本題考查總分關系。根據下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在篝火上做飯、走很遠的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難。設空處是總體評價,后面是詳細描述。故選C.思考點（二）解釋關系典例4(2019全國卷)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and

14、 asking himself the question： “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do。Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin。_36_ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself？CHowever, th

15、is should not discourage you。DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job。GWithout motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查解釋關系。設空處前一句的句意“動力和目標設定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”,設空處解釋二者之間的關系“沒有動力，你既不能設定目標，也不能去

16、實現它。故選G.思考點(三)例證關系典例5（2016全國卷)There are three main types of cryptography._37_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language， some letters are used more than others。COnl

17、y people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out。FWith a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a me

18、ssage is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet。分析:本題考查例證關系。設空處前一句的句意為“有三種主要的密碼術”.空后接著就給出一個例子“你可以通過拼寫每個單詞的第一個字母來隱藏信息”。故選E。思考點(四)轉折關系典例6（2020新高考全國卷）Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking._16_ Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles yo

19、u must master。ADo the opposite.BYou want to be an effective public speaker。CYou dont need to apologize for a minor slip。DWhen it comes to public speaking， less is usually more.EThe objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience。FTake the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listene

20、rs。GHowever， the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.分析：本題考查轉折關系。設空處前一句的句意為“有些人天生就有公眾演講的天賦。設空處后一句的句意為“你想成為一個好的公眾演說家嗎？”.根據邏輯判斷，設空處應與前一句構成轉折關系,故G項“然而，大多數人之所以能成為有效的演講者，是因為他們受過訓練符合語境。思考點（五)因果關系典例7（2020全國卷)Written communications can often read as cold and dull。Using emojis

21、can add humor and feeling， keeping intention clear._37_， encouraging better and more frequent communication.AMessage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreadi

22、ng globallyEGiving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyFStudies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceGAn easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform分析：本題考查因果關系。根據下文“encouraging better and more frequent communication (鼓勵更好、更頻繁的

23、溝通）可知，設空處所填的句子是下文的原因。A項“使用表情符號的信息讓人感覺更適合交談”符合語境。故選A。思考點（六)遞進關系典例8(2019全國卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths。Remember that goals are flexible。_39_ They also need to be measurable.You must keep t

24、hese points in mind while setting your goals。AThis can affect your work。BSo how should you motivate yourself？CHowever, this should not discourage you。DSo why should we try to set specific goals？EThey can change according to circumstances。FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job。GWithout mo

25、tivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查遞進關系。根據上句“Remember that goals are flexible。（要記住目標是靈活的。）”可知，E項“目標可以根據情況做出改變”，承接上文，與上一句為遞進關系。故選E.思考點(七）并列關系典例9（2020新高考全國卷）Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker。_19_ And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember， even w

26、orld champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.ADo the opposite。BYou want to be an effective public speaker.CYou dont need to apologize for a minor slip。DWhen it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.EThe objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.FTake the fe

27、ar out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.GHowever, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be。分析:本題考查并列關系.由本段第一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker。”及空后一句“And 。takes practice.”可以鎖定B選項為正確答案，它們之間構成并列關系。三、設空在段尾思考點(一)總結句當設空在段尾時,通常是結論性、概括性語句，是對上文的概括

28、總結。如果缺的是結論性、概括性的語句，考生應快速瀏覽七個備選項，注意選項中是否出現表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞,如so， therefore, as a result， in short, in a word， all in all等詞或短語，快速縮小選擇范圍，再根據段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項。典例10（2020全國卷）Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness。List all o

29、f your accomplishments and achievements。You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today。_39_AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start？CNothing is too small to celebrate.DRemember, you are only human.ESet an intention for self。acceptance.FStop comparing yourself with others.GWhen does

30、 the comparison game start？分析：本題考查段落總結句.由本段首句可知本段主題是“認識到你所有的優點”,段中列舉了一些小的成績，如有了一份工作,拿到了學位等,段尾對這些成績做了一下總結：沒有什么事情太小而不值得慶祝。故選C。思考點(二)段落過渡句當設空在非尾段段末時，也有可能是考查承上啟下的過渡句.假如所缺的是段落間的過渡句，首先可以關注表示邏輯關系的銜接詞，再結合詞匯復現等原則進行答案的選擇。典例11（2017全國卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my we

31、ekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill.cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags。They had nothing in common with me。_36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_CThe_trip_they_took_me_o

32、n_was_a_rough_one.We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.AThis time ther

33、e was no tent.BThings are going to be improved。CThe trip they took me on was a rough one。DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however。EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping。FAfter the trip， my family became quite interested in camping。GThere was no shade as the trees were

34、 no more than 3 feet tall.分析：考查段落過渡句。根據空處上文“如果三年前有人告訴我，以后我的大部分周末時間都會露營，我會放聲大笑。在我看來，露營者是喜歡讓昆蟲咬、吃不好吃的飯菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。這些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介紹我去露營的朋友們認為這是一次具有開創性的露營.這次露營比較艱難。我們睡帳篷、在篝火上做飯、走很遠的路去洗澡和上廁所。這次對大自然母親的短暫造訪讓我請了兩天假，要在皮膚嚴重灼傷后進行恢復，并且還要支付來自醫生治療我兒子食物中毒的賬單可知，兩段之間有轉折關系，所以要填一個承上啟下的過渡句，D項“然而,從那時起我卻學到了很多關于露營的知識”符合語

35、境.故選D。思考點（三)補充信息句段末設空還有可能是對前文內容進行補充說明,這時要選擇補充性的語句.典例12（2019全國卷)Dont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor._39_AThats what they are f

36、or。BTurn to an online instructor for help.CIf more information is needed, they will ask.DRemember that online professors get a lot of emails。EBelow are some common dos and donts for online learners。FEveryone has taken a not。so。great class at one time or another。GAsk questions， but make sure they are

37、 good, thoughtful questions.分析：本題考查邏輯關系。本段主要講的是“不要把個人信息和經歷告訴教授，如果你需要延長最后期限，向教授解釋處境即可”。C項“如果需要了解更多信息，他們會問你的是對上文內容的補充說明,符合語境.故選C。隨堂體驗落實 Having a learning disability doesnt mean you cant learn.Learning disabilities happen because of the way a persons brain takes in and processes information._1_ The tri

38、ck will be figuring out how you learn best.Learning disabilities arent contagious (傳染的)， but they can be genetic.That means they can be passed down in families through the genes， like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents。Someone with a learning disability probably has other family members who have had some learning troubles, too。Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school._2_Its very hard for