1、 英文原文Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology1 introductionAlong with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the newprogress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes theimportant attribute which the impetus world economics

2、 grew. The market economy unceasingdevelopment, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the lowcost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitivepower, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short

3、, thereupon to makeseach kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh.On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towardshigh speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to

4、satisfy the multi- varieties, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests themold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy directiondevelops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development,causes the fast e

5、conomical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scopeexpands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and thesocial efficiency are more and more remarkable.2 fast economical pattern makings technologies typeThe fast economical pattern maki

6、ng technology and the traditional machine-finishingcompares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfyin the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quiteremarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes

7、 below, has several types to leave.2.1 fast prototypes manufactures technologyThe fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacturetechnology which the 80s later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China haveall promoted own commercialization produ

8、ct, and has formed the new industry gradually.RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, thecomputer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control(CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In t

9、akes shape in theconcept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and thenumerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned thetraditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformatio

10、n is a significantbreakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast patternmaking, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile,aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. Under summarized alreadycommercializa

11、tion several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft.2.1.1 lasers three-dimensional photoetching technology (SLA)The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the productthe three-dimensional model, through the microcomputer control laser, according to thed

12、etermination path, is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning,causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector, is united as one body, forms the finalthree dimensional entity, after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and soon plac

13、e the quantity, forms the workpiece or the mold. The laser three-dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shapewilfully the complex shape, takes shape the precision high, simulation strong, material use factorhigh, performance reliable, the performance price quite is high.

14、 Suits the product outlook toappraise, the function experiment, fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold.But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive, causes its cost to behigh.2.1.2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology (LOM)The LOM tech

15、nology is through the computer three-dimensional model, the use laserselectively to its lamination slice, will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake,finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product.Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly, takes shape

16、 the material smalladvantage, the cost lowly, because does not have changes, therefore does not have the thermalload, the contraction, the inflation, the warp and so on, therefore the shape is stable with an inchprecision, after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time, specially

17、 the duplicatemiscellaneous items interior waste material strips. This craft is suitable for the aviation, theautomobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture.2.1.3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology (SLS)The SLS technology is the computer th

18、ree-dimensional model through the laminationsoftware its lamination, under the computer control, causes the laser beam basis lamination theslice section information to the powder by the level scanning, scans to the powder agglutinates thesolidification (polymerization, agglutinates, caking, chemical

19、 reaction and so on), layer upon layersuperimposes, piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece. This technical most majorcharacteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials (the polycarbonate, thepolyethylene chloride, the paraffin wax, the nylon, ABS,The casting gran

20、ulated substance) makes components.2.1.4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology (FDM)The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the conditionmaterial the spray nozzle, determines the geometry information according to the CAD productmodel lamination software, squee

21、zes out half flow regime the heat to model the materialdeposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer, from bottow to top layer upon layerpiles up a three dimensional entity, may make the mold or the product directly.2.1.5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology (3D-P)Th

22、e 3D-P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing headcontinuously, the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material bythe level on the powder level, finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printingtwo-dimensionalleve Justs

23、like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology. Thistechnical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porousceramics on, its goal is produces the mold or ? the manufacture directly by the CAD productmodel.2.2 surfaces take shape the pattern making tec

24、hnologyThe surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, theelectrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface andthe fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including followingseveral

25、kind of types.2.2.1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technologyThe electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon thecompressed gas its full a

26、tomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in thetype mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface,uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials)performs to support the reinf

27、orcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the moldtogether with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, costlow, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for severalhours, saves the energy and the metal mater

28、ial, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick,simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m.At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobilemold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex an

29、d the patternfine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PUbecomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold.2.2.2 electrolytic castings take shape the technologyThe electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with

30、the galvanization,is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according toproduct blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode),causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter

31、 placedeposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the typemold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface.This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short,electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may r

32、each 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wearand the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitablefor the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electricspark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression ca

33、sting mold takes shape the electrodemanufacture.2.2.3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technologyThe etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind oftechnology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has sprea

34、d the filmon pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, processchemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, thenacts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern desig

35、netching in mold internal surface.This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages thepattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.2.3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold techniqueSprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of

36、the type system mold isaccording to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need themachine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in themold.2.3.1 tin metal alloy system mold techniqueThe tin metal alloy makes the mold techniq

37、ue quickly is a basis through the kind piece, withtotal metal alloy of ( the orders 138 s, the bulge rate is thousand times it three) of the Bi- Sn( tinof ) two dollars for material, have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold,cave mold, press a kind of technique of the side tu

38、rn.Should the technical characteristics is tomake the mold cost low, the metal alloy is re-usable, the manufacturing period is short, the size accuracy is high, the shape, size and the kind pieces agree with completely, a mold for casting lifespan can amount to 500-3000, very in keeping with new pro

39、duct development, craft verification,the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace.2.3.2 zinc metal alloy system mold techniqueThis is a kind of to take the kind piece( or the kind mold) as the basis, with the order for380or so zinc metal alloys for material, sprinkle to

40、 note the convex and cave mold respectively,a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process inprinciple.The techniques characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the period is short, beingapplicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtl

41、e to cut the mold andplastics molds.2.3.3 resin compounds model the molding tool techniqueThis is a kind of to take the kind mold( or the craft model) as the basis, taking resin or itscompound materials as the fluid material, sprinkling the convex( cave) mold of outpouring first,again the convex( ca

42、ve) mold of basis sticks up the wax slice( the cleft layer), sprinkling to notethe convex( cave) mold.A surface that that technique model does not need the machine toprocess.The that technique and CAD/ CAMs combine together, the characteristics is the moldingtool size accuracy high, the manufacturin

43、g period is short, the cost is low, is the new productmanufacture on a trial basis, the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path.Beapplicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold( also can the part insetthe steel), vacuum to absorb the and gather th

44、e ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold,porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc.2.3.4 rubbers of system mold techniqueThat technique take making a prototype or models as the basis, making into soft rubber ofsystem piece, then depend the high pressu

45、re dint and models to fit together completely.2.4 extrusions takes shape the technology2.4.1 cold extrusions takes shapeUsing the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solidmelt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model

46、 cavity.Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surfaceroughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not havethe environmental pollution.2.4.2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technologyThis techno

47、logy is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape thetemperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the bestsuperplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrudethe concave mold with the sma

48、ll strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology.Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL.2.5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technologyDoes not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT Thetechnology is the main met

49、hod about, may adjust the base main body group highly using thecomputer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the threedimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology.This technology may change the distortion way and th

50、e stressful condition at will, enhances thematerial the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remainingstress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming2.6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The ne

51、w steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind isdifferent with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with speciallymakes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which thebacking strip is compos

52、ed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processingprecision for 0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mmthick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost islow.2.7 molds semifinished materials fast m

53、anufacture technology solid castingBecause the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the moldsemifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality andcyclical and the cost influence are very important.The modern mold semifinished mat

54、erials widely have used the seeds casting technology, theso-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using thefoam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling doesnot have to take out the model, then may the castin

55、g, under the foam plastics model hightemperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metalsubstitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms thecasting. The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in

56、the practical application.2.7.1 dry sands solid castingNamely all does not do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55-100 goal, spreadswith EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 0.2-1mm thick permeabilitygood fireproof coating level, by enhances the casting superficiall

57、y attractive fineness, preventedthe fat sand or collapses the box.2.7.2 negative compactions castingThe negative compaction casting calls V law modelling. This technology is the use all doesbut does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand, makes the modelwith EPS or the

58、 PMMA foam plastics, in under the plastic film seal condition, entire lets cast(vacuum degree 0.4-0.67MPa) carries on the liquid metal casting under the negative pressurecondition, after the casting coagulates relieves the negative pressure then to obtain the superficialbright and clean casting.2.7.

59、3 resins granulated substance solid castingMakes the molding sand using the resin granulated substance, makes the model with EPS orthe PMMA foam plastics, under the normal temperature, the atmospheric pressure carries on theliquid metal casting but to make takes the casting. uses the solid casting t

60、he technical manufacturemold semifinished materials to have the size precision high (the ISO9 level), processing remaindersmall (generally about 5mm), does not need to pull out the mold ascent, does not need the makingcore and the sand core brace, saves the metal material, economical makes the woode