1、 怎樣寫好英語句子（二）一、 There be 結構考生病句：There are many people like to go to the movies. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.正確表達：There are manypeople wholike to go to the movies. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.這兩個例句的錯誤比較有普遍性

2、， 因為在歷次考試中有不少考生不能正確運用 there be 這一最常用的句式。在這種結構中， there是引導詞，沒有實際意義。 be 在句中作謂語，有時態和數的變化。例如：There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school.)注意：在否定句中，否定詞用 no,也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數名詞，not a后接復數名詞，no后面的名詞單復數都可以。 There is not a momentto be lost. There are manypeople rushing in

3、to the cities every year. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents. There is no use holding back thewheel of history.從以上例句還可看出， 句中的主語后面可接多種修飾語， 如介詞短語、不定式短語、定語從句、分詞短語等等。這無疑使該結構增加了表現力，使句子表達內容更加豐富。 在運用這一結構時，考生最容易犯的錯誤是在there be 之后又用了一個動詞作謂語，使句子結構出現嚴重錯誤。 這里列舉的考生的典型錯誤均屬這種情況， 對此我們在寫作中要格

4、外注意。 二、 比較結構考生病句：Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.正確表達：Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.評議與分析：許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當多的表達有誤。在例 1 中， 對兩個事物進行比較的句式為 Compa

5、redwith A, B., 只能用compare的過去分詞，不能用現在分詞，因為B是分詞的邏輯 主語，只能被比較。在例 2 中，考生誤將天氣與城市 進行比較，而二者沒有可比性，只有將后者改為 其他城市的天氣 才符合邏輯，很顯然，考生的錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣的影響。比較結構是常用結構， 正確地使用這一結構可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫作成績。一般說來，考生若能恰當、正確地運用這一結構，其寫作成績應在5 分以上。下面是比較結構的一些常用的表達方法。 同級比較In 1998 weproduced as manycars as wedid in the previous five years

6、.We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten yearsin the past. 比較級Children nowenjoy better medical treatment than before.We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water. 最高級This is the most interesting book I ve ever read.Of all his novels I like th

7、is one best.the more the more 結構The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.The more a manknows, the more he discovers his ignorance. 選擇比較I prefer staying at home to going out.They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.He prefers to work alone.注意：這里的 1)句用的是Prefer A to B 結構， to 為介詞，后接名

8、詞或動名詞；2)句是以不定式作prefer 的賓語；3)句用法同2) ，只是不把rather than 部分表達出來。 對比Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.注意： while 和 whereas 均可用于連接兩個意義對立的分句， 相當于漢語的而字。許多考生能較好地運用這一句式， 尤其在圖表作文中。表達原因的結構考生病句：The real reason to our failure is not far to seek. Thereason

9、 for this is because some people want to earn plenty ofmoney withoutworking hard.正確表達：The real reason for our failure is not far to seek. Thereason for this is that somepeople want to earn plenty of moneywithout workinghard.評議與分析：以上兩個病句分別引自 92 年 1 月和 97 年 12 月四級考試的考生作文。 從遣詞造句上看， 這兩位考生具有一定的寫作能力， not

10、far to seek, plenty of money 以及 without working hard 等均運用正確、恰當。 但令人遺憾的是， 第一位考生不知道reason 不與 to 搭配而應接介詞 for ，第二位考生犯了一個中國學生常犯的錯誤，就是用because引起表語從句，because這個詞不能引起表語從句，在本句中只能改用 that 才正確。掌握好表達原因的結構是十分重要的， 幾乎所有的寫作試題都要求寫原因或可以寫原因。在大學英語四、六級考試、研究生入學英語考試以及TOEFL試中，寫作的文體基本上是議論文，而議論文的基本模式是擺事實、講道理， 講道理就是說明原因。寫作測試的文體

11、決定了表達原因結構的重要性。英語中用來表達原因這一概念的結構有多種。我們可用 as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that. 等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如：Nowthat we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel moreproud than ever of our country. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapi

12、d progress. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate. Pollution is stilla serious problem, not that we dont have the ability to solve it, but thatsome people have not realized the consequences of theproblem.我們還可以借助某些詞語用簡單句表達原因結構。例如：The reason for this change is quite obvious. Diligence

13、is the key factor of success. Idleness is the root of all evils. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made themistake. =He was ashamedbecause he had madethe mistake.)除了上述的例句外， 英語中還有很多或易或難的表達原因的結構。我們在進行寫作訓練的時候， 不能滿足于一知半解， 要講究書面語言的正確性和準確性。比如，because是最常用的引導原因從句的連詞， 語氣最強，

14、表示直接的原因，若because置于句首，后面的主句不能 再用 so 。用 as 引導的原因從句語氣較弱，所說明的原因是附帶的，而 since 表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來的原因。否定結構考生病句Somepeople think we needn t to worry about fresh water. Nowadays many people don t like to go to the movies, too.正確表達：Some people think we needn t worry ( 或 don t need to worry) about fresh water. Nowadays many people don t like to go to the movies, either.評議與分析：例句 1 選自 96 年 1 月四級考生作文， 例句 2 選自 92 年 1 月六級考生作文。例句1的錯誤在于該考生混淆了 need作為情態動詞和作 為普通動詞的用法。