1、2012 年The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court s reputation for being inde

2、pendent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should

3、 make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices p

4、ermanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental s

5、ocial _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court s legitimacy by making themselves_19_ to t

6、he code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify D recognizeAwhen Blest Cbefore D unlessArestored Bweakened Cestablished D eliminatedAchallenged Bcompromised CsuspectedD acceptedAadvanced Bcaught Cb

7、ound DfoundedAresistant Bsubject Cimmune DproneAresorts Bsticks Cloads DappliesAevade Braise Cdeny DsettleAline Bbarrier Csimilarity DconflictAby Bas Cthough DtowardsAso Bsince Cprovided DthoughAserve Bsatisfy Cupset DreplaceAconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate DofferAguarded Bfollowed Cstudied DtiedAconcep

8、ts Btheories Cdivisions DconceptionsAexcludes Bquestions Cshapes DcontrolsAdismissed Breleased Cranked DdistortedAsuppress Bexploit Caddress DignoreAaccessible Bamiable CagreeableDaccountableAby all mesns Batall costs Cin a wordDas a result2011 年Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as

9、“a bodily exercise precious tohealth. ”Bu t -some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has littleinfluence on physical filness Laughter does short-term changes in the functionof the heart and its blood vessels, heart rate and oxygen consumption Butbecause hard laughter is difficult to , a good

10、laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does., instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the , studies dating back to the 1930isn dicate thatlaughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably helpthe effects of ps

11、ychologicalstress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of feedback,that improve an individual emos tional state. one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. It wasargued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are s

12、adbut they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing

13、 Ddetermining 4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve 5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Di

14、nternal 11AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12Awith Bon Cin Dat 13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent 18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19Asuggesting

15、Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely2010年In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn

16、 how stop-floor lightingworkers productivity. Instead, the studies ended giving their name to theHawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very to beingexperimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorneplant. According to

17、of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lightingwas increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not what was done in theexperiment; something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) that they werebeing experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior itself.After several decades, t

18、he same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record, nosystematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes inlighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretat

19、ion of what happed. , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output rose compared with the previousSaturday and to rise for the next couple of days. , a comparison with datafor weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, w

20、orkers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the allegedHawthorne effect is hard to pin down.A affected B achieved C extractedD restoredA at B up C with D offA truthB sightC act D proofA controversial B perplexing C

21、 mischievous D ambiguousA requirements B explanations C accounts D assessmentsA conclude B matter C indicate D workA as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long asA awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusionA suitable B excessive C enough D abundantA about B for C on D byA compared B show

22、n C subjected D conveyedA contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D peculiar toA evidence B guidance C implication D sourceA disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleadingA In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usualA duly B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenlyA failed B ceased

23、 C started D continuedA therefore B furthermore C however DA attempt B tended C chose DA breaking B climbing C surpassing D hitting2009年Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit- fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times

24、 on Tuesday. Fruitflies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow

25、 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7 instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they ve apparen is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9intelligence? That the quesstion behind this new research. Ilike it. Instead of casting a

26、 wistful glance 10 at all the species we ve left in the -dwuiset ,I .Q.it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would13on humans if they had th

27、e chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale studyin operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , n

28、ot merely how much of it there is.18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 theresults are inconclusive.1. A Suppose2. A tended3. A thinner4. A tendency5. A insists on6. A off7. A incredible8. A fight9. A invisible 10.A upward 11. A features

29、 12. A outside 13. A deliver 14. A by chance 15. A ifB Consider C ObserveD ImagineB fearedC happenedD threatenedB stablerC lighterD dimmerB advantageC inclinationD priorityB sums upC turns outD puts forwardB behindC overD alongB spontaneous CinevitableD gradualB doubtC stopD thinkB limited C indefin

30、ite D differentB forwardC afterwardD backwardB influencesC resultsD costsB onC byD acrossB carryC performD applyB in contrastC as usualD for instanceB unlessC asD lest16.A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17.A atB forC afterD with18.A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19.A fundamentalB comp

31、rehensiveC equivalentD hostile20. A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better still2008年The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is to sayit anyway. He is that bird, a scientist who works independe

32、ntly anyinstitution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not thought to havea bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. he, however, might tremble at the of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is pu

33、blishing a paper which not only that onegroup of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in are a particular people originated from centralEurope. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 12-15 poi

34、nts above the valueof 100, and have contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, asthe of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, . They alsosuffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, , have previously been thought unrelated. The formerhas been to soc