1、Sectionm Grammav.-ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語央破語法大沖關語法精講“v. -ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語v. -ing形式作賓語補足語和狀語是本單元的語法內容，也是v.-ing的重點和難點。希望同學們認真學習掌握他們的用法。觀察例句1.her brother complained , thinking of the high tuition fees.Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.The new Peoples Republic of Chin

2、a saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.歸納用法一、v. - ing形式作賓語補足語(1) v.-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作， 強調一個過程或一種狀態。When we returned to the school , we found a stranger standing at the entrance.當我們回到學校時，發現一個陌生人站在大門口。I found a bag lying on the ground.我發現地板上放著一個包。(2)當主句轉換為被動結構時，原來作賓語補足語的v.-ing形式便轉換為主

3、語補足語。They found the result very satisfying.=The result is found very satisfying.這個結果很令人滿意。They heard him singing in the next room.=He was heard singing in the next room.有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。.能用v.-ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞：1)表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞，常見的有see, hear , feel , smell , find , notice ,observe , look at , listen to 等。We

4、 saw a light burning in the window.我們看見窗戶里有一盞燈在鳧著。Can you smell anything burning?你聞見有東西燒著了嗎？2） 表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have， set， keep， get ， catch ， leave 等。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.讓你一直等著我感覺很抱歉。I cant get the clock going again.我不能讓鐘表再次轉動。二、 v. -ing 形式作狀語現在分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以在句中充當讓步、時間、原因、條件、結果、方式、伴隨或補充說

5、明等狀語。與句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關系（是主動的）。Not coming on time, he was punished. = Because he didnt come on time , he was punished.（ 原因 ）因為沒有按時來，他受到了懲罰。Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.= While he was reading the book ,he nodded from time to time.（ 時間 ）讀書的時候，他不時地點頭。Working hard , you will succeed. = If y

6、ou work hard , you will succeed.（ 條件）努力，你就會成功。Having failed many times ， he didnt lose heart.=Though he had failed many times , he didnt lose heart.（ 讓步）盡管失敗了許多次，他仍然沒有喪失信心。The teacher stood there ， reading a newspaper.=The teacher stood there , and read a newspaper.（ 伴隨，可以轉化為一個并列句）老師站在那兒，讀著報紙。Please

7、 answer the question using another way.（方式 ）請用另外一種方式回答問題。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks ， adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.（ 補充說明）來訪的部長表達了對談判的認可，他還補充說他此次來訪很愉快。His father died ， leaving him a lot of money.（ 結果 ）他爸爸去世了，留給他許多錢。2現在分詞的否定結構現在分詞的否定式由“not 現在分詞”構成。Not

8、 knowing where to go ， she went to the police for help.不知道要去哪兒，她向警察尋求幫助。Not being seen by anyone ， the thief escaped.趁著沒被任何人看見，小偷逃跑了。Not having done it right ， I tried again.第一次沒做對，我又嘗試了一次。3現在分詞的時態一般式：現在分詞的一般式通常表示其動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生。She sat there ， reading a novel.她坐在那里看小說。A little child learning to wal

9、k often falls.學走路的小孩常常跌倒。現在分詞的完成式所表示的動作通常在謂語動詞的動作之前發生。Having finished her homework ， the little girl began to watch TV.做完作業后，這個小女孩開始看電視。Having lived in Beijing for many years， Carter knew the city well.因為在北京住了多年，卡特對這個城市很熟悉。4現在分詞的被動式現在分詞的被動式表示其邏輯主語與現在分詞動作是被動關系。現在分詞的一般被動式。The building being built is o

10、ur library.正在建的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。Being repaired ， the swimming pool wont open until next month.由于正在被修理，直到下個月游泳池才會開放。 提示 being done 常作定語，表示被動的動作正在發生。現在分詞的完成被動式。Having been warned by the teacher ， the students didnt make such mistakes. 被老師警告之后，學生們不再犯這樣的錯誤了。Having been told many times ， he still did not know

11、how to do it.被教授好多次了，他還是不知道怎么做。 提示 現在分詞的完成被動式常作狀語。5一般說來，分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，但事實上有少數例外的情況，少部分動詞ing 形式可以充當獨立成分，這時句子主語與其無任何語法關系，為固定形式。常見的有：generally/strictly/exactly/honestlyspeaking 大體上 / 嚴格 / 準確 / 老實地說；judging from/by 根據判斷； considering 考慮至 U; concerning 關于。Generally speaking , women are more patient

12、 than men.般來說， 女性比男性更有耐心。即學即練完成句子.因為不理解這個問題，他問了老師。Not understanding this problem , he asked the teacher about it.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。More highways have been built in China , making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.有人看見嫌疑犯進入了這座大樓。The suspect was seen entering the bu

13、ilding.他讓燈著了一整晚，這使他父母很生氣。He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.我不容許你和你父親那樣講話。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.E中關卻練二i.單句語法填空I cant imagine Billy riding(ride) a motorbike.Did you hear the dog downstairs barking(bark) for most of the night?When I came out

14、of the theatre , I noticed a group of children playing(play) musical instruments across the street.She sat at the desk doing(do) her homework.Coming(come) from Jordan , he moves close to ask you a question.(2019 煙臺一模)I got to the office earlier that day, having caught(catch)the 7 : 30 train from Pad

15、dington.(2016 天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.(2016 北京卷)Newly-builtwooden cottages line the street , turning(turn) theold town into a dreamland. (2017 天津卷 )The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing(allow) more

16、patients to be treated.Judging(judge) from his accent , he is from the south of China. Having struggled(struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcoholabuse for years , he now understands how important being healthy is.n.短文語法填空(2019 威海高三模擬 )Each year l.thousands(thousand) of tourists visit t

17、he polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number of people 2.travelling(travel) to the ends of the Earth can have 3.a negative effect on fragile ecosystems. Should tourists 4.be allowed (allow)to visit polar regions?About 40, 000 tourists visit Antarctica each year. More than

18、five million travel to the Arctic and sub-Arctic.5. Transporting(transport) tourists to the regions increases ship and airplane traffic , 6.adding(add) to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other environmental damage.Because the places where wildlife accessible 7.are(be) few in number, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas , 8.putting(put) Arctic vegetation at risk.Others say that the access to these very special parts of the world should notbe restricted to only researchers and sci