1、Unit 1Lesson Plan(With Notes for Teachers)Basic Concepts: Syllables, Stress & RhythmDate: Sept.16-20Class:Classes 1, 2 & 3, Grade 2002Subject: English Pronunciation for CommunicationPurpose: The students will learn some basic concepts in English pronunciation. We are going to learn something about s

2、yllables, stress and rhythm in English. At the same time, they will learn to say greetings and farewell with appropriate pronunciation and intonation in English.Objectives: Students will be able to: Define - in their own words a definition for “syllable” and “stressed syllable”, then a definition fo

3、r “rhythm” and “rhythmic pattern”;Compare based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare the degrees of stress and different rhythmic patterns;Practice imitate the typical stress patterns and rhythmic patterns in English.Resources/Materials: Textbook: Wang, Guizhen, An English Pronunciatio

4、n Course, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2000;Handouts: illustration of stress patterns and rhythmic pattern;Recordings of native speakersActivities and Procedures: Stimulating: Begin by asking the class to find out how much the students know about stress patterns and rhythmic patters in English,

5、make sure that it serves the purpose of stimulating the students to think about the issue and have the desire to find out the answers themselves.Display examples by playing the recording of the native speakers showing the typical stress patters and rhythmic patterns in English.Ask the students to li

6、sten to the tapes to mark out the stressed syllables in words.Ask the students to listen to the tapes to mark out the stressed words in sentences.Have the students imitate the stress patterns and rhythmic patterns to experience the rhythm in speech.Have the students share what they have learned by r

7、eading out the practice materials in pairs.Have the students listen to the conversations recorded by native speakers of English and try to get the rhythmic patterns in their speech.Have the students practice the guided conversation. Ask them to pay special attention to the stress the rhythm in speec

8、h. Highlight the language function in the conversation in the practice.Have several pairs of the students present their conversation in the class.Comment on the students performance by highlighting the achievement of the students and the efforts they need for the improvement.Ask the students to do m

9、ore practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session.Notes for TeachersBasic Concepts: Syllables, Stress & RhythmIn this unit, we are going to learn some basic concepts in English pronunciation. We are going to learn something about syllables, stress and rhythm in English.

10、 At the same time, we are going to learn to say greetings and farewell with appropriate pronunciation and intonation in English.First of all, lets look at the syllable in English.Please listen to the following word: driveway.Now, tell me, how many syllables there are in this word? Right. There are t

11、wo.Please listen to the following sentence: Drive him away.Tell me, how many syllables there are in this sentence? Right. There are four.IntroductionSo. What is a syllable?A syllable is a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm. English words can have one, two, three or even more syllables. I

12、n the word driveway, there are two syllables. In the sentence Drive him away, there are four. What is a stressed syllable?In English words with more than one syllable, one of them will receive more stress than the others. Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. Fo

13、r example, in the word driveway, the first syllable is a stressed syllable while the second syllable is not. Stressed syllables in English are usually longer, louder, and higher in pitch.Listen to the following example:baNAAAAna Syllable 1Syllable 2 Syllable 3 (short) (long) (short)The word banana h

14、as 3 syllables. Syllable 1 is not stressed and so is short. Syllable 2 is stressed and so is long with a clear vowel sound /:/. Syllable 3 is not stressed and so is also short.Here is a short summary about the stressed and unstressed syllables:Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syll

15、ables are weak syllables.Stressed syllables:are longhave a pitch changehave full vowel sounds.Unstressed syllables:are shortoften have a reduced vowel sound.Now lets look at the rhythm in English.We all know that correct pronunciation of the individual English sounds is important in communication. T

16、he way the sounds are organized, however, is often more crucial for understanding. The rhythm of English, for example, is one of the two major organizing structures that native speakers rely on to process speech. What is rhythm?Rhythm can be found everywhere in life: the sound of a clock, the beatin

17、g of the heart, the strokes of a swimmer, and of course in poetry and music. But rhythm in language is less familiar because it is less obvious. The rhythm of a language is characterized by the timing pattern of successive syllables. In some languages, every syllable is given about the same length,

18、while in others, syllables vary in length. In English, strong beats are called stress - the heart of the rhythmic pattern.基本概念：音節、重音與節奏本單元將向學生介紹英語語音語調的基本概念, 主要介紹英語語音的音節、重音和節奏規律。首先，讓我們先來看看英語的音節：單詞driveway有兩個音節。句子Drive him away有四個音節。何謂“音節”？音節是一個言語單位，常常比一個語音長，但比一個單詞短。一個英語單詞可以有一個、兩個三個或更多的音節。就像我們剛看到的單詞dr

19、iveway有兩個音節, 句子Drive him away有四個音節。同時，音節又是英語發音節奏的最基本的單位。何謂“重讀音節”？如果一個英語單詞中擁有兩個或兩個以上的音節，其中一個音節會比其周圍的音節要響亮些。重讀音節通常在詞典中有所標注。例如，單詞driveway的第一個音節就是重讀音節，而它的第二個音節就是非重讀音節。英語中的重讀音節在發音過程中往往要比非重讀音節要長一些，響亮一些，同時音調也稍高一些。例如，“banana”一詞有三個音節。第一個音節是非重音，所以發音所需時間比較短。第二個音節是重讀，所以元音/:/發的比較長，清晰響亮。第三個音節同樣屬非重音，所以發音所需時間也很短。可見，重讀音節與非重讀音節分別有以下特征：重讀音節: 聲音響亮 延續時間較長 音調較高非重讀音節: 1.延續時間較短 2.元音發音弱化英語話語節奏：學會發好每一個英語音素，是學好英語語音的基礎，正確的發音在語言交流中非常重要。然而，語音的組合方式對于