1、 常用(chn yn)的數(shù)學(xué)符號英文讀法 一、一般符號(fho)對應(yīng)的英文單詞 period 句號(jho)， comma 逗號： colon 冒號； semicolon 分號！ exclamation 驚嘆號？ question mark 問號 hyphen 連字符 apostrophe 省略號；所有格符號 dash 破折號single quotation marks 單引號“”double quotation marks 雙引號( ) parentheses 圓括號 square brackets 方括號 French quotes 法文引號；書名號. ellipsis 省略號 tande

2、m colon 雙點(diǎn)號 ditto 同上 parallel 平行 雙線號 virgule 斜線號 ampersand = and swung dash 代字號 section; division 分節(jié)號 arrow 箭號；參見號 plus 加號；正號 minus 減號；負(fù)號 plus or minus 正負(fù)號 is multiplied by or cross 叉乘 is divided by 除號 is equal to 等于號 is not equal to 不等于號 is equivalent to 全等于號 is equal to or approximately equal to 等

3、于或約等于號 is approximately equal to 約等于號 is less than 小于號 is more than （is greater than在數(shù)學(xué)中更常用） 大于號 is not less than不小于號 is not more than不大于號 is less than or equal to 小于或等于號 is more than or equal to 大于或等于號 per cent 百分之 per mill 千分之 infinity 無限大號 varies as 與成比例 (square) root 平方根 since; because 因?yàn)?hence

4、所以 equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例 angle 角 semicircle 半圓 circle 圓 circumference 圓周 pi 圓周率 triangle 三角形 perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。 union of 并，合集 intersection of 交，通集 the integral of 的積分 (sigma) summation of 總和 degree 度 minute 分 second 秒 number號 Celsiussystem攝氏度 at單價(jià)(dnji) pi. d

5、ot (點(diǎn)乘就是(jish)centered dot)：偏微分符號(fho),讀作round 法國人發(fā)明的.偏導(dǎo)數(shù)英文翻譯為partial derivative,因此有時(shí)讀為partial.還有一種讀法,念成round：是希臘字母的古典寫法,數(shù)學(xué)里只用作表示偏導(dǎo)數(shù)的記號,在表示偏導(dǎo)數(shù)的時(shí)候,一般不念字母名稱,中國人大多念作“偏”,(例如 z對x的偏導(dǎo)數(shù),念作“偏z偏x”.)(簡單的把y/x讀成偏y比偏x)倒三角符號讀“Nabla”,奈不拉,也可以讀作“Del”，讀nabla的居多，Del在某些英文書里會見到。nabla符號本身具有不同的功能，當(dāng)它按不同的乘法規(guī)則作用于函數(shù)時(shí)會分別得到f f p

6、rime f撇A上面一個(gè)橫杠：A barA上面一個(gè)星星*： A asteriskA上面一個(gè)波浪線：A tildeA的厄米共軛（注意不是加號，那個(gè)豎比橫長）：A dagger（dagger：短劍，匕首）梯度：grandient 符號為grad，散度：divergence 符號為div。此時(shí)可直接讀作grandient（divergence） of .1.Logic邏輯 there exist for allpq p implies q / if p, then qpq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalen

7、t2.SetsxA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of AxA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AAB A is contained in B / A is a subset of BAB A contains B / B is a subset of AAB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BAB A cup B / A join B / A union BAB A minus B / the di

8、ference between A and BAB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1x plus onex-1x minus onex1 x plus or minus onexyxy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y)x minus y, x plus yx y x over y=the equals signx = 5x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x5 x (is) not equal to 5xy x is equivalent to (o

9、r identical with) yx y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx yx is greater than yxy x is greater than or equal to yx yx is less than yxy x is less than or equal to y0 x 1zero is less than x is less than 10 x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1| x | mod x / modulus xx

10、2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x ove

11、r y all squaredn!n factorialx x hatx x barx x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of xOA OA / vector OAOA OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose

12、/ the transpose of AA 1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:ST a function f from S to Txy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the s

13、econd derivative of f with respect to xf( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to xf x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 2 f x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with re

14、spect to x1 0 the integral from zero to infinitylim x0 the limit as x approaches zerolim x 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelim x 0 the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yLn y log y to the base e / log to the base

15、 e of y / natural log (of) y二、一些函數(shù)(hnsh)關(guān)系的讀法A與B的乘積 the _ product of A and B（_中填乘積的性質(zhì)，例如外積就填outer，內(nèi)積就填inner)A乘以B A times B or A is multiplied by BA/B A over B B分之A的最普通(ptng)讀法f(x) f of x 函數(shù)f(x)exp(n) e to powers of n e的n次冪三、 Pronunciation of Numerals 數(shù)詞(shc)的讀法 1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基數(shù)和序數(shù) (1)100以

16、內(nèi)的數(shù)詞 基數(shù) 序數(shù) Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals 羅馬數(shù)字 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 讀法 數(shù)碼 讀法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th t

17、he tenth XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 ninet

18、een 19th the nineteenth XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 8

19、0 eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred and two and second 246 two hundred and forty-six 751 seven hundred and fifty-one (2)1000以上(yshng)的數(shù)詞 1,000 = one thousan

20、d 一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一萬 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十萬(sh wn) 1,000,000 = one million 一百萬 10,000,000 = ten million 一千萬 100,000,000=one hundred million 一億 (3)十億以上(yshng)的大數(shù)，英美有不同的讀法： 英國 美國 十億 one thousand million = one billion 百億 ten thousand million = ten billion 千億 one hundred thousand mil

21、lion = one hundred billion 萬億 one billion = one trillion 2.Fractions 分?jǐn)?shù) 通常將分子讀為基數(shù)，將分母讀為序數(shù)。 1/2 = a (or one) half 1/3 = a (or one) third 1/4 = a quarter or one fourth 1/5 = a (or one) fifth 2/3 = two thirds 9/10 = nine tenths 53/4 = five and three quarters 15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15% =

22、 fifteen per cent 4 = four per mill 3.Decimals 小數(shù)(xiosh) 0.4 = zero (or nought) point four .01 = point (or decimal) nought one 12.34 = twelve point three four 567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% = decimal three percent 4.

23、Mathematic Forms 數(shù)學(xué)(shxu)式 (1) Addition 加法(jif) 1+2=3 One and two are three. 2+3=5 Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. 演算時(shí)的讀法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down

24、)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three sixteen;I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down two.The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or m

25、ake) 260. (2)Subtraction 減法 9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. Nine from five wont go. 演算時(shí)的讀法：Nought from nought (leaves) no

26、ught. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two from three (leaves) one. I cant take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or subtracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplicatio

27、n 乘法(chngf) 10=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought. 11=1 Once one is one. 21=2 Twice one is two. 35=15 Three times five is fifteen 60=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算(yn sun)時(shí)的讀法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four

28、. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three;I put down thirty-three. Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two;I write two and carry seven.Eight sevens make fifty-

29、six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four. I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven.Four and three make seven. (4)Division 除法(chf)

30、 93=3 Nine divided by three makes (or is equal to) three. 205=4 Five into twenty goes four times. 456723=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quoctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算時(shí)的讀法:Fifteen into thirteen wont go; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times; nine

31、 times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five;one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainde

32、r;15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 時(shí)間 1)Hours 鐘點(diǎn) 2h.58 = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小時(shí)5分8秒 6.18 = six eighteen 6時(shí)18分 8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.ei em 上午8時(shí)30分 the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.pi:em train 下午6時(shí)零5分列車 又二十四小時(shí)混合制的寫法和讀法如下： 0900 = 0 nine hundred (

33、上午)9時(shí) 0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9時(shí)10分 1300 = thirteen hundred 13時(shí)(下午1時(shí)) 1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15時(shí)25分(下午3時(shí)25分) 2000 = twenty hundred 20時(shí)(下午8時(shí)) at 5 oc =at five oclock 五點(diǎn)鐘 (2)Date 日期(rq) Oct.1 =October first 10月1日 Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日 1st Oct. 1949 = the first of October, nineteen forty-

34、nine 1949年10月1日 3/5 = 英May (the) third 5月3日；美March fifth 3月5日 附注(fzh)聯(lián)系日期前置詞用on. (3)Year 年份(ninfn) 684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. bi:si: 公元前684年 1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty 19- nineteen something 1950s nineteen fifties 二十世紀(jì)五十年代 附注聯(lián)系年份的前置詞用in. 6.Numbers 號碼 (1)Telephones Numbers電

35、話號碼 1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three 1227 = one double two (or two two) seven 0386 = O three eight six 0096 = double O(or O O )nine six 7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand No.26= Number 26 第26號 Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房間 10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 長安街10號 2)Writings 書籍作

36、品 Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一 Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章 Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第3頁 See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 見第5-10頁 Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕 Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 哈姆雷特第3幕第一場第56行

37、Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 馬可福音第七章第12節(jié) Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 貝多芬作品第49號 4to = quarto 四本開 8vo = octavo 八本開 (3)Other 其他(qt) World War I = World War One 第一次世界大戰(zhàn) World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大戰(zhàn) Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利

38、五世(w sh) Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生 Mr.B - = Mr. B -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大學(xué)某某先生 the town f = the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3-0 比賽結(jié)果是三比零。 7.Money 貨幣(hub) (1)British currency 英幣 6d. = six pence 六便士 1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士 11/2d. = a pene

39、y halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半 1/4d. = a farthing 一個(gè)銅元 33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三銅元 1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士 1.18 = (or1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一鎊十八先令 1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2