1、英語五大句子基本結構教案英語的詞性： 名詞(nouns) n. 代詞(pronoun) pron.實詞 數詞(numeral) num. 形容詞(adjective) adj. 或a. 副詞(adverb) adv. 動詞(verb) v 冠詞(article) art虛詞 介詞(preposition) prep. (conjunction) conj. 助詞(auxiliary) aux.作文題目中，實詞都大寫，虛詞要小寫一.英語句子的基本成分有8種：主語 (subject)-s謂語 (predicate)-v賓語 (object)-o定語 (attribute)-attrib狀語 (ad

2、verbial)-adv補語 (complement)-c表語 (predicative)-p同位語(Appositive)句子成分 主語:行為主體，句子描述的主體 謂語: 主語發出的動作 賓語: 動作的承受者 定語:用來修飾名詞、代詞 狀語:時間、地點、原因等 表語:表示主語“是什么”“怎么樣”句子成分 主語：You beat him. 謂語: You beat him. 賓語: You beat him. 定語:You beat the bad boy. 狀語:You beat him at home. 表語:He is bad./He is a boy. I met my best fr

3、iend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語英語句子的類型簡單句并列句復合句只有一個主謂結構有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構一個主句加一個或幾個從句簡單句基本句型陳述對象+陳述內容主語+謂語謂語動詞決定了一個句子的骨架結構啟示：（1）分析復雜句時，先找謂語。 （2）寫句子時，要知道謂語動詞的用法特點二.五種簡單基本句型主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語動詞系動詞不及物動詞及物動詞主語+系+表語主語+謂語基本句型（1）：主+系+表 表語是說明主語的，如用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態的，通常在系動詞后。1

4、) My uncle is a professor.2) He looked tired.3) The basketball match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim was to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines.1) My uncle is a professor.2) He looked tired.3) The basketbal

5、l match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim was to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines.系動詞：1) be， seem ，appear2) look， sound ，taste， smell， feel 3) get， turn， grow ，become， go4) stay， remain， keep， continue感官類變

6、化類維持類基本句型 （2） 主+謂：S+V 謂語動詞特特點：不及物動詞（本身意思完整，后面不需要賓語）1. The sun rises. （rise-rose-risen 是vi，不能帶O.）2. The red sun rises. （ red修飾sun，作定語）3. The red sun rises in the east. （狀語Adverbial）【練1/4】第一印象很重要。【練2/4】近年來政府對報紙的控制已經放松了。【練3/4】當焦點人物或其角色成員對他在某特定時段所擔任角色的確切定義在思想上存在疑惑時，就出現了角色模糊。（劍3,T2,R）The first impression

7、 counts/matters. The control has loosened.Role ambiguity results whenTranslation1. 你應當努力學習。2. 她昨天回家很晚。3. 那天早上我們談了很多。4. 會議將持續兩個小時。 5. 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉已經發生了巨大的變化。 You should study hard. She went home very late yesterday evening. That morning we talked a great deal. The meeting will last two hours. Great c

8、hanges have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 基本句型（3）主語+謂語+（S. + V. + O. ）該句型的謂語動詞必須是vt或vt的動詞詞組；賓語必須是名詞或相當于名詞的成分。 【練1/5】教育滿足需要。 【練2/5】美國的一項研究已表明氣溫和街頭騷亂之間存在聯系。【練4/5】所有這些因素或許可以證明巨大的收入是合理的。（劍6,T2,W）Education meets/satisfies the demand/need. Research shows a relationship.Factors can just

9、ify earnings. Translation1.昨晚我寫了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你談談。 3.這本書他讀過多次了。 4.他們成功地完成了計劃。 I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.注意：帶 V-ing 做賓語的動詞有：suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine，finish， escap

10、e, admit， excuse， delay， practise, consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk succeed in， be busy，be worth， be used to， give up， look forward to 注意：帶 to do 做賓語的動詞有：offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect，

11、fail，pretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc. 基本句型（4）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語 （S. + V. + O.+O. ）請觀察：1）He brings me cookies every day. 如果意思不變，也可以怎么說呢？ 2）He brings cookies to me every day. 即要借助于介詞to或for 朗讀：He brings me cookies every day.He brings cookies to me every

12、 day.She made me a beautiful dress.She made a beautiful dress for me.歸納： to側重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。 for 側重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, orde

13、r,sing, save, spare,等。翻譯練習： 1. Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3. Mary把錢包交給校長了 4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5. 他把車票給列車員看。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He s

14、howed the ticket to the conductor. 基本句型（5）主謂賓賓補 S+Vt.+O+O.C 賓語與賓語補足語有邏輯的主謂關系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不完整。賓補時補充說明賓語的。可以用做賓補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結構平衡，是英語常用的句型結構方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正

15、賓語。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family. Translation：1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認為他是誠實的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7他每個月理一次發8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards

16、 ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night. 句子基本結構(5種)1) 主語+連系動詞+表語(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授. Revision句子基本結構(5種)2) 主語+謂語(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)3) 主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O) She under

17、stands French. 她懂法語. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)4) 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部經過告訴了我們. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結構(5種)5) 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他發現喬治很聰明. 句子 (Sentence)根據所學知識，分析句子結構1.They work hard. 主 + 謂2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need wat

18、er. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 間賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂7.He kept me a dictionary. 主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語8.Shall I leave you the camera? 主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語9. We find the book very interesting. 主+謂+賓+賓補10.My uncle bought me an

19、 e-dictionary. 主+謂+間接賓語+直賓11.Singing makes me happy. 主+謂+賓+賓補12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .主+謂+賓+賓補13.Youmustlistentoher. 主+謂+賓14.Heisascientist. 主+系+表基本句型（6） “There be”句型此句型是由 “there + be + 主語 + 狀語” 構成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語。be 與其后的主語在人稱和數量上一致，有時態和情態變化。如，現在有 t

20、here is/are 過去有 there was/were將來有 there will be/there is /are going to be.現在已經有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been.過去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, re

21、main, exist, arrive等。翻譯練習： 今晚沒有會。 There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2. 這個村子過去只有一口井。 There was only a well in the village. 3. 這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術老師。 There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4. 公共汽車來了。 There comes the bus. 5. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 There remained just twenty-eig

22、ht dollars. 6. 在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。 In front of the cave, there stands (grows) a tall pine tree. 句子種類按句子的用途分 按句子的結構分陳述句疑問句祈使句簡單句并列句復合句感嘆句1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall news

23、papers.我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子加上狀語進行修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實。但不管如何變，都只有一個主謂結構。He worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞student)并列句用分號或并列連詞把兩個或幾個簡單句連接起來的句子。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關系，是平行并列的關系。用分號：We fished all day;

24、we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but we didnt catch a thing.句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll mis

25、s the train.3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child didnt go out. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it.