1、莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞

2、蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿

3、葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄

4、芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈

5、薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂

6、莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆

7、薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃

8、葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈

9、芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節

10、蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆

11、蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆薈衿羅節蒄袈膇肅蒀袇袇莀莆袆罿膃蚅裊肁莈薁裊膄膁蕆羄袃莇莃薀羆膀艿蕿肈蒞蚇蕿袇膈薃薈羀蒃葿薇肂芆蒞薆膄聿蚄薅襖芄薀蚄羆肇蒆蚃聿芃莂蚃螈肆羋螞羈芁蚇蟻肅膄薃蝕膅荿葿蠆裊膂莄蚈羇莈芀螇肀膀蕿螇蝿莆蒅螆袁腿莁螅肄莄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆肀薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀肈莄袁螀芄芀袀袂肆膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈

12、膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞

13、肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆

14、芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃

15、肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈

16、羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂

17、膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆

18、羈莂薁羂羄莁螃襖芃莁蒃蚇腿莀薅袃肅荿蚈蚅羈莈莇袁袇蕆蒀蚄膆蒆薂衿肂蒅螄螞肈蒅蒄羈羄蒄薆螀節蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁蝿肄蒁蒁羄羀膈薃螇袆膇蚅羂膅膆蒞螅膁膅薇肁肇膄蠆袃羃膃螂蚆芁膂蒁袂膇膂薄蚅肅芁蚆袀罿芀莆蚃裊艿蒈袈芄羋蝕螁膀芇螃羇肆芆蒂蝿羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膆莄莇羃肂莃葿螆羈莂 Test One集體名詞作主語主謂一致1)通常作復數的集體名詞集體名詞，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作復數，用復數動詞。如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可數名詞的集體名詞有些集體名詞，如fo

19、liage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可數名詞，隨后的動詞用單數。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作單數也可作復數的集體名詞集體名詞，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作單數，也可作復數用。The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +復數名詞如果主語是由“a c

20、ommittee of /a panel of /a board of +復數名詞”構成，隨后的動詞通常用單數。例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近義詞辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout這組詞均含有“疲憊的”的意思。tired可指因體力或腦力消耗太多而需要休息，還可指因長期做某事而失去興趣。Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲憊，

21、一到家就上床睡覺去了。exhausted表達的疲憊程度最強，指因勞累過度而精疲力竭。The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程師在公共汽車上睡著了。fatigued所表達的疲勞程度比tired和weary強，表示由于過度勞累而引起疲乏，不能再繼續下去。He felt fatigued and didnt want to say a single word.他疲憊不堪，不想說一句話。weary語氣比tired強，指由于長時間努力工作或由于做單一的事而引起疲倦。After a long and weary wait, the plan

22、e finally came to take them back.經過漫長而又令人疲乏的等待后，飛機終于來接他們回去了。worn out這個詞不太正式，多用于口語。The troops were wornout after winning the battle.戰后,部隊疲憊不堪。Test Two關于used to的意義和用法1)used to (只有過去時形式，沒有現在時形式)表示過去習慣動作或狀態，這種情況現已不復存在。例如：He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.2)在否定陳述句或否定疑問句中，用didnt use

23、 to或usednt to均可：He didnt use to smoke cigarettes.He usednt to smoke cigarettes. Didnt Maria use to be interested in the theatre?Usednt Maria to be interested in the theatre? 3)在肯定疑問句中也可有兩種形式：Used you to go to the same school as Edward?Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? 近義詞辨析use, apply,

24、avail, employ, utilize這組詞均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。use強調利用人或物作為工具。He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他為實驗新的涂料，花光了一切錢財。apply指把某物或某種方法、原理等加以應用。We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我們不僅要知道理論，還要知道怎樣把理論應用于實踐。avail 指使用就近的或他人給予的東西，或使別人為自己提供服務。I don

25、t think complaints will avail you much.我覺得抱怨對你沒多大用處。We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我們利用一切機會講英語。employ指使用未被利用的東西；用于人時表示雇用。He doesnt know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道該怎么利用他的精力和時間。utilize指充分發揮某物的作用，使無用的東西變有用，或使人或物有新用途。She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the

26、job.她希望在工作中發揮她的藝術才能。Test Three關于dare的意義和用法1)作為情態動詞表示“膽敢”，dare通常只用于否定陳述句和疑問句。例如：I dare not go there.How dare he say such rude things about me?2)dare作為情態助動詞沒有過去式形式，其否定式為darent，既可指現在時間，也可指過去時間。例如：Tom wanted to come, but he darent.3)dare還可用主動詞，隨后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to。例如：He does not dare (to) answer.Does she d

27、are (to) go there alone?近義詞辨析besides, but, except, except for這組詞均含有“除外”的意思。besides “除外，還有”，指更進一步的擁有，包括所“除”事物在內。Have you got any clothes besides these?除了這些衣服你還有別的嗎?but不包括所引事物在內，多與nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等連用。He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他沒法指責別人，只能怪他自己。exce

28、pt不包括所引事物。常與no, none, nothing等否定詞或all,everyone, everything等連用，但不可用于句首。They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他們都去了頤和園。except for常指除去所引情況讓人稍感遺憾之外，整體情況尚屬理想，被除去的事物與正在談及的事物之間不具有共同屬性或性質。The roads were clear except for a few cars.除幾輛小汽車外，路面很空曠。Test Four定語從句中關系代詞that的用法1)在既指人又指事物的兩個或兩個以上的先行詞后面。

29、例如：They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.2)在限制性定語從句中有形容詞最高級的先行詞后面。例如：He is the best student that I have ever met.3)在以“It is.”,“It was.”等開頭的強調句中，和相應的疑問句中。如：What is it that he wants?4)在only, all, little的后面This is all that I know.5)在no, every, some和any等詞后面，也包括在它們的復合詞在內。如

30、：There is no person that is always in the right.Is there anything that I can do for you?近義詞辨析beautiful, good looking, handsome, lovely, pretty這組詞均含有“美麗”、“漂亮”、“可愛”的意思。beautiful指能不僅給人帶來感官上的快樂，而且通過感官產生思想和靈魂的愉悅，在同類詞中層次最高。She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我記憶中的她更漂亮了。good looking不如handso

31、me, pretty意思強烈，指一般的“好看”或“悅目”。That good looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那個長相不錯的年輕人一星期光顧一兩次。handsome通常是一種客觀的不帶感情色彩的評價。一個人如被形容為handsome,是指此人外貌符合觀察者的要求，但不激發更深層的感受。He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西裝顯得非常英俊。lovely比感官的快樂更進一步，是強調純粹情感上的愉悅，指覺得某人或某物“可愛”。Mary has two lovely

32、daughters.瑪麗有兩個可愛的女兒。pretty也是“漂亮、可愛”的意思。很少形容大而有影響力的事物，多形容事物不以其優秀、完美而以小巧、優雅、精致見長，使人容易接受并喜愛。Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友覺得她是鎮上最漂亮的女孩。Test Fivebe+不定式結構1）表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作。例如：Theres to be an investigation.I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.這一結構常見于報紙和廣播，用以宣

33、布官方的計劃或決定。例如：The Queen is to visit Japan next year.2）二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：You are to stand here. Do you understand?Tell her shes not to be back late.3）一般現在時也可表達將來時間，常見于條件狀語和時間狀語從句。例如：If she comes, Ill tell her all about it.Wait here till the meeting is over.It wont be long before the rain stops.近義詞辨析be

34、gin, commence, initiate, launch, start這組詞均含有“開始”的意思。begin在這組詞中最常用，泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。 The band began to play joyful music.樂隊開始演奏歡快的音樂。commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence.The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進攻。initiate指進程中的第一步，與何時停止或結束沒有關系。The government h

35、as initiated a new reform program.政府啟動了新的改革方案。launch指開始或著手一項活動、計劃等大規?；蚵晞莺拼蟮男袆?，行動前或行動中有一定的宣傳鼓動。The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那個公司要發起廣告攻勢推出自己的新產品。start與stop構成反義用法，指從一特定地點出發，由靜止或等待狀態開始做某事。在口語中?？纱鎎egin。They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動。Test Six有關否定1

36、)雙重否定最常見的形式有：no(not).but.沒有不no(not).without.沒有不，除不no(not).unless沒有就不not.until直到才例如：There is no one but knows it.沒有一個人不知道此事。2)can not與副詞too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等詞連用時，意為“無論怎樣也不過分”，“越越”。例如：You cannot be too careful.你越仔細越好。We cannot praise him too much.我們無論怎樣贊揚他也不過分。近義詞辨析break, crack, cr

37、ush, shatter,break, smash這組詞均含有“打破”或“擠碎”的意思。break是這組詞中最常用的，指使某件東西破碎。If you break that vase, youll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得賠償。crack指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不會成為碎片。You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用錘子把這些堅果敲開。crush強調擠壓或踩的動作，毀壞程度取決于被壓物的組織結構，或變形，或成小塊，或可恢復原狀。To make wine, you first crush the grap

38、es.若要造酒，需先將葡萄壓碎。shatter打破某物，力大到使碎片飛出很遠，常指整件東西完全被毀。The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大樓的大部分窗玻璃。smash突出暴力，擊打時動作較猛，被擊打的東西往往完全報廢。He smashed the window with a brick.他用磚塊擊碎窗玻璃。 Test Seven形容詞層迭修飾時的順序幾個屬于不同層次的形容詞作修飾語時，其詞序一般按下列順序排列：限定詞表示說話人評價的形容詞表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞表示顏色的形容詞表示國別、來源、

39、材料的形容詞表示用途或目的的形容詞名詞中心詞。例如：the towns charming old English churcha well known German medical schoolthe mans first two interesting little red French oil paintings近義詞辨析bother, disturb, trouble, worry這組詞均含有“不停地煩擾他人或搞得某人心神不寧”的意思。bother和disturb常用于主動和被動兩種形式中。用于被動時，bother指常受到時有時無的小事的煩擾。用于主動時，bother的意思比distur

40、b強，帶有故意打擾他人的意思。If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你歸還我的書后，我就不打擾你了。disturb用于被動形式時，意思比bother強烈，有時甚至可指精神錯亂。用在主動形式時，意思最弱，指某人無意中打擾他人，這種打擾行為并非存心沖著他人去的。The man was mentally disturbed.這個人精神錯亂了。trouble和worry主要用于被動，指被某事搞得心神不寧。trouble比worry稍正式些，指麻煩別人一件事而影響他人舒適、方便、效率、健康或心境的平靜等。May I trouble yo

41、u for the book?麻煩您把書遞給我好嗎?worry主要指因對某事的結果沒有把握而焦慮不安，還可指某人沉浸在軟弱無助的情緒或思慮中。Worrying about your health can make you sick.經常擔心你的健康，會使你生病的。Test EightIt is the first time +that分句1)在“It is/was/will be the first time+that分句”結構中，當主句動詞為is/will be時，that分句動詞一律用現在完成體，引導詞that可以省略。例如：It is the first time Ive been he

42、re.Dont forget, itll be the first time Ive spoken in public.2)當主句動詞為was時，that分句動詞通常用過去完成體。例如：It was the first time shed been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.近義詞辨析fast, hasty, quick, rapid, speedy, swift這組詞均含有“迅速的”，“快捷的”的意思。fast強調速度快，且保持不變；又指鐘表的時間超過準確的時間。We took a fast train to Beiji

43、ng.我們坐快車來北京。hasty指匆忙、急促，涉及因此而引起的慌亂、疏漏。Dont arrive at hasty conclusions.別匆忙下結論。quick強調動作、行為發生得突然且持續時間短。指人時，暗示聰明、領悟快。The tiger took a quick leap at the sheep.老虎猛地向羊撲去。rapid指就整個過程來講速度快，但并不一定指這一過程的速度始終均勻不變。The growth of the economy has been rapid in recent years.近年來，經濟增長速度很快。speedy指人處理問題迅速或物體運轉速度快。His a

44、ccusations brought a speedy denial.他的指控馬上遭到了否認。swift與fast和quick同義，但帶有文學色彩。Eagles are swift in flight.鷹飛得很快。Test Nine動詞后接不定式或動名詞1）有些動詞或詞組如admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (cant) stand, suggest,

45、 give up, put off等后面只能接動名詞。例如：I enjoy playing football.I dont mind sleeping with the door open.2）有些動詞如stop, remember, forget, try, mean等接不定式或動名詞做賓語，意思各不相同。try doing sth試試看(沒有付諸的行動)try to do盡力去做(已有行動)mean doing sth意味著mean to do sth打算近義詞辨析change, alter, convert, modify, vary這組詞均含有“變化”的意思。change最常用，指任何

46、一種變化過程，但多用于指某人或某物發生根本性轉變，失去了原來的身份特征，前后完全不同。Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦勞作使她變了很多。alter指對人或事物的某些特征進行某種程度的更改，但并沒有使人或事物的性質發生根本改變。She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不請裁縫把衣服改一下。convert指使事物的條件、性質、功能等發生重要改變、轉換、或轉化。Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to

47、 convert salt water to fresh water.科學家在努力尋找將海水淡化的更廉價的方法。modify指在較小的范圍內進行形式上的修改或調整。They have to modify the terms of their lease.他們不得不修改租賃條款。vary可以指僅僅改變事物的外觀，也可指使事物的內在性質發生變化，通常是在同一組事物中將一種情形改變為另一種情形。She varies the program each month to make it more attractive.每個月她都對節目做些變動，使它更吸引人。Test Ten有關反意疑問句1)“am I”

48、的否定形式是“arent I”，而不是“am not I”或“amnt I”。例如：I am right, arent I?2)everything和nothing作為陳述句的主語時是單數，因此反意疑問句中的主語要用“it”。注意，nothing作為主語時，反意疑問句中的動詞要用肯定形式。例如：Nothing is wrong, is it?3)陳述句中的主語為everyone, everybody, anyone, nobody或no one時，反意疑問句中的主語用they。注意，nobody和no one是否定詞，因此反意疑問句應該用肯定的。例如：Nobody knows it, do t

49、hey?4)如果陳述句部分有no, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom等詞，那么，陳述句本身就是否定的，所以要接一個肯定的反意疑問句。例如：He has never been there, has he?5)如果陳述句中的動詞是“wish”,那么反意疑問句中要用“may”。例如：I wish to go there with you, may I?6)包括聽話人在內時“lets”的反意疑問句要用“shall we”。反之，反意疑問句中要用“will you”。例如：Lets go, shall we?Let us go, will you?Test

50、Eleven不定式不帶to的問題1)在情態成語之后，即在would rather/would sooner/would(just) as soon(寧愿)，may/might as well(不妨)，cannot but/cannot help but之后。例如：You cant help but respect them.Since its a fine day we might as well walk.2)在“使役動詞+賓語”之后，即在let, have, make之后。例如：Let there be an end of this misunderstanding.He wont hav

51、e us criticize his work.Abby made him stay to tea.3)在“感覺動詞+賓語”之后，即在see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch之后。例如：We feel the house shake.I didnt hear you say that.4)在介詞except/but之后如果except/but之前有動詞do的某種形式，其后通常用不帶to的不定式，否則帶to。例如：They did nothing except work.Theres no choice but to wait. Test Twelve虛擬條

52、件句中的一些非常規現象1)省略連詞if,把were, had, should移到主語前。例如：Were they here now, they would give us some advice.Had it not been for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded.2)用介詞或介詞短語without, but for, in the absence of, under.Without the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life.But for the atmosphere w

53、e would die.3)if only結構，表示“但愿”，“要是”，例如：If only I had more time, I could go to watch the performance.If only I knew where he lives.近義詞辨析gather, assemble, collect這組詞均含有“召集或聚集成小組、一群或團體”的意思。gather指把很分散的或分布很廣的東西聚集到一起，或指自發地形成一組。The pupils are gathered into the auditorium.學生們被召集在大禮堂。assemble指人或組織為了某種共同的或特殊

54、的目的集合或聚集在一起。The football fans assembled on the square to celebrate the victory of their team.球迷們聚集在廣場上慶祝他們球隊的勝利。collect指有選擇地進行收集或采集。They collected some precious butterfly specimens on the mountains.他們在山上收集了一些珍貴的蝴蝶標本。Test Thirteen引起倒裝的前置狀語1）當句首狀語為否定詞或帶否定意義的詞語時，一般引起局部倒裝。這些詞語常見的有：never, not for one min

55、ute, no longer, on no account, no more, nowhere else, at no time, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not for nothing等。例如：Never have I found him in such a good mood.2）句首狀語若由“only+副詞”、“only+介詞詞組”、“only+狀語分句”構成，也可引起局部倒裝。例如：Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.3）以關聯連詞not only(but also)和so(.t

56、hat)開頭的句子，通常引起局部倒裝。例如：So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.近義詞辨析gaze, glare, gape, peer, stare這組詞均含有“注意地或專注地看”的意思。gaze指長時間目不轉晴地看或凝視，常用于表達驚奇、羨慕或心不在焉的心情。We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我們凝視波濤洶涌的大海，陷入沉思。glare指怒目而視，敵視或仇視。People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人

57、們憤怒地瞪著刺殺了他們總理的兇手。gape指目瞪口呆地凝視，常有發呆的意味。Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding meat to the lions.游客們目不轉晴地看著飼養員給獅子喂肉。peer指瞇起眼睛窺視。The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.偵探用望遠鏡向屋內窺視。stare指睜大眼睛看，帶有好奇、猜疑或傲慢等含義。The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯著乞丐

58、，沒給他錢。Test Fourteen名詞+不定式與名詞+介詞+ing分詞1）有些名詞如attempt, chance, effort, freedom, intention, reason, necessity, opportunity, time, way等，在其后用不定式或介詞+ing分詞均可，意義無甚區別。例如：The doctor made a bold attempt to save/at saving the childs life.2）有些名詞如ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, mind, obligation,

59、 permission, refusal, tendency, wish等，在其后通常帶不定式，而不帶介詞+ing分詞。例如：Our ability to think and speak separates us from other mammals.3）還有些名詞如aptitude, experience, hope, method, possibility, difficulty, interest, plan, habit, passion, genius等，其后通常帶介詞+ing分詞，而不帶不定式。例如：There is no hope of winning the game.近義詞辨

60、析strange, eccentric, odd, peculiar, queer, unique這組詞均含有“不平常的”或“奇怪的”的意思。strange詞義最廣。指非一般的、不平常的、費解的或與預期不同的，還強調陌生，不熟悉。With so many strange faces around her, she felt a bit nervous.身邊盡是陌生的面孔，她感到有點緊張。eccentric指行為偏離常規，特別是顯得古怪或可笑。Youll be considered eccentric if you go to the banquet in your tennis shoes.如