1、翻譯常見問題和應對政策：1.理解表達不到位是翻譯的最大問題。2.理解關鍵在于理解句子的語法結構。3.表達關鍵在于用符合英語語言的習慣來做適當調整。4.加強句法和和詞匯基礎，持之以恒。翻譯標準 、方法、 步驟：1.標準：準確、通順、完整。2.方法：以直譯為主適當意譯。3.步驟：通讀全句，準確理解。分析成分，劃分意群。選擇詞義，貼切表達。適當調整，書寫譯文。常用句型翻譯技巧：定語從句與同位語從句的區別：1.定語從句先行詞可以是任何名詞，而同位語從句先行詞相當有限，例如：conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。2.同位語從句中 that 不在從句中

2、充當任何成分，定語從句 that 充當一定句子成分。3.同位語翻譯可采用解釋法，即先行詞后+“ I ”。比較結構1. as.as.2. not so.as.3. rather A than B 與其說B，不如說A4. less A more B 與其說A，不如說B并列結構兩個或兩個以上的并列成分有明顯的連詞標記或標點符號連接，如：and ,or ,but ,both and ,neither nor ,not but ,not only.but also.等。形式主語翻譯方法固定，可當作短語直接翻譯在句子最前面。It is reported that 據報道It is estimated th

3、at 據估計It is conjectured that 據推測It must be admitted that 必須承認It can not be denied that/There is no denying that 不可否認 It can be said without fear of/exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張地說答題要領第一步：首先快速瀏覽句子，先看英語不看漢語，從而判斷劃線處所填句子的形式、時態。 所謂形式包括： 1詞組固定搭配(不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞、句子等) 2.虛擬 3.被動 所謂時態是指：根據前后已經給出的英語句子判斷所填英語句子的時態。 第二

4、步：看括號里面的漢語句子，以核心謂語動詞為切入點，找準主謂賓、分清定狀補。 第三步：先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補，切塊對應翻譯，重新組合。動詞注意時態，名詞注意單復數。 真題詳解：2006.12 1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (適應不同文化中的生活). 解題步驟: 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，劃線處應該接動詞原形。 第二步：劃分成分“適應不同文化的生活” 核心謂語動詞是“適應”，“不同文化的”作定語，“生活” 作賓語。 第三步： (1).切塊對應翻譯：“適應”=adap

5、t; adapt to; adapt oneself to;“生活”=life;“不同文化的”=different cultures (2).重新組合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures 正確答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures 翻 譯：跨文化研究專家說，適應不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。 考察知識點：詞組固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“適應-” 2.Since my childhood I have found t

6、hat (沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力). 解題步驟: 第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出， 劃線處應該填寫一個句子，時態需要根據后面的漢語意思作進一步的確定。 第二步：劃分成分“沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力” 核心謂語動詞是“比-更有吸引力”， “沒有什么”作主語，“讀書”作賓語，“對我”作狀語。 第三步： (1).切塊對應翻譯：“比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb，“沒有什么”=nothing，“讀書”=reading，“對我”=for/to me。 (2).重新組合：nothing is more

7、attractive to me than reading 正確答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 翻 譯：從兒時起我就發現，沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力。 考察知識點：比較級nothing+比較級=最高級;時態：因為從句敘述的是現在的事情，所以用一般現在是即可。 3.The victim (本來會有機會活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 解題步驟: 第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，劃

8、線處應該填寫謂語動詞和賓語使得主句完整，并且主句形式、時態根據后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time確定應該采取虛擬語氣，是對過去的虛擬。 第二步：劃分成分“本來會有機會活下來” 核心謂語動詞是“本來有機會-”，“活下來”作賓語。 第三步： (1).切塊對應翻譯：“本來有機會-”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下來”=survive (2).重新組合：would have a chance to survive. 正確答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of surv

9、ival 翻 譯：如果遇難者被及時送往醫院的話，他本來會有機會活 下來的。 考察知識點：虛擬語氣與過去相反的虛擬語氣，從句用had done，主句用would have done 有機會做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth- 語法講解：“虛擬語氣” 注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式： 第一種：由 “ if ”引導的虛擬句子 (1). 與現在的事實相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就會嫁給他。 (2). 與過去的事實相反：If - + had

10、 done-, - +would have done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功學習,就會通過考試了。 (3). 與將來的事實可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么辦? 第二種：用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中 從句謂語形式為：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美語中should常省去) 。 類似用法的動詞有： insist (

11、堅持) , suggest (建議) , order(命令) , propose (建議) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建議) , desire (要求、請求) , request (請求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (寧愿), recommend(推薦) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 擁護、提倡) ,maintain(堅決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。 第三種：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essentia

12、l , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged

13、, recommended 等) + that -”結構中的that 引導的主語從句中 第四種：用在It is time that - 結構中, 表示“該干某事了”, 含建議的意思, 用動詞過去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱們該睡覺了。 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大約”) 或high(表示“強調”) 等。 Sentence translationIf you had followed my advice _ (你就不會陷入麻煩).After the terrorist attack, tourists _ （被勸告暫時不要去該國

14、旅游）.I prefer to communicate with my customers _（通過寫電子郵件而不是打電話）._（直到截止日他才寄出）his application form.It was essential that _ （我在月底前簽訂合同）.To our delight, she _（進大學一個月就適應了校園生活）The workmen think _（遵守安全規則很重要）.Most students found that Aristotles philosophical thinking was _ （遠比他們所想的復雜）.I appreciated _（被給與出國學習

15、的機會）two years ago.The more I looked at the picture, _（就越喜歡它）.I think its high time you _（意識到酒后駕駛的危險性）.Many of the worlds great novels _（據報道被拍成了電影）last year.Not until Alice had her own baby _（她才明白做母親多難）.The manager asked his assistant _（他是否能制定出投資計劃）before the end of the month.The ability to store kno

16、wledge _（使電腦和其他被發明的機器不同）.If you had followed my advice, you wouldnt have put yourself in trouble.After the terrorist attack, tourists have been advised not to make a trip to that country.I prefer to communicate with my customers through email instead of telephone.It was not until the deadline that h

17、e sent out his application form.It was essential that we sign the contract before the end of the month.To our delight, she adapted herself to campus life a month after entering collegeThe workmen think it very important to comply with/obey the safety regulations.Most students found that Aristotles p

18、hilosophical thinking was far more complicated than they had thought.I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.The more I looked at the picture, the more I like it.I think its high time you realized the danger of drunk driving.Many of the worlds great novels are reported to have been made into films last year.Not