1、精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業專心專注專業精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業Questions(40)What are the five layers in the Internet protocol stack? What are the principal responsibilities of each of these layers? (5)答案：從上向下各層：應用層：提供與用戶應用有關功能，包括網絡瀏覽、電子郵件、不同類文件系統的文件傳輸、虛擬終端軟件、過程作業輸入、目錄查詢和其他各種通用的和專用的功能等。（1分）傳輸層：完成端到端的可靠數據傳輸。（1

2、分）網絡層：關系到子網的運行控制，其中一個關鍵問題是確定分組從源端到目的端的路由選擇，以分組為單位進行傳輸。（1分）鏈路層：主要任務是加強物理傳輸原始比特的功能，以幀為單位進行傳輸。完成相鄰結點間的可靠數據傳輸。（1分）物理層：負責提供和維護物理線路，并檢測處理爭用沖突，提供端到端錯誤恢復和流控制以比特為單位進行傳輸。（1分）Why is it said that FTP sends control information out-of-band but HTTP sends control information “in-band”? (6)答：HTTP和FTP都是文件傳送協議，它們有許多共

3、同的特征（如都運行在TCP之上）。不過這兩個應用層協議最重要的差別是FTP使用兩個并行的TCP連接來傳送文節件，一個是控制連接，一個是數據連接。（2分）控制連接用于在客戶主機和服務器主機之間發送控制信息，例如用戶名和口令、改變遠程目錄的命令、取來或放回文件的命令。數據連接用于真正發送文件。既然TCP使用一個獨立的控制連接，我們說FTP在帶外(out-of-band)發送控制信息的。（2分）HTTP中，同一個TCP連接既用于承載請求和響應頭部，也用于承裁所傳送的文件，因此我們說HTTP在帶內(in-band)發送控制信息。（2分）What is the difference between ne

4、twork architecture and application architecture? (6)答：網絡體系結構是指以分層的方式來描述通信過程的組織體系。（例如五層網絡結構）另一方面，應用體系結構是由應用程序的研發者設計，并規定應用程序的主要結構（例如客戶機/服務器或P2P）從應用程序研發者的角度看，網絡體系結構是固定的，并為應用程序提供了特定的服務集合。（評分標準：網絡體系結構和應用體系結構各占3分）Suppose Host A sends two TCP segments back to back to Host B over a TCP connection. The first

5、 segment has sequence number 92; the second has sequence number 111. (6)a. How much data is in the first segment?b. Suppose that the first segment is lost but the second segment arrives at B. In the acknowledgment that Host B sends to Host A, what will be the acknowledgment number?答：a) 19 bytes b) a

6、ck number = 92（評分標準：a，b各占3分）What are the two most important network-layer functions in a datagram network? What is the difference between them? (6)答：數據報網絡中網絡層兩個最重要的功能是轉發和選路。（2分）轉發（Forwarding）特指在一個路由器內將數據從輸入端口移動到合適的輸出端口（2分），而選路（Routing）特指確定從數據源端到目的端的整條傳輸路徑（2分）。If all the links in the Internet were to

7、 provide reliable delivery service, would the TCP reliable delivery service be redundant? Why or why not? (5)答：不多余（1分）。雖然每條鏈路都能保證數據包在端到端的傳輸中不發生差錯，但它不能保證IP 數據包是按照正確的順序到達最終的目的地。IP 數據包可以使用不同的路由通過網絡，到達接收端的順序會不一致，因此，TCP 需要用來使字節流按正確的序號到達接收端（2分）。路由器也可能由于緩存溢出而丟棄IP數據包（2分）。In Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), co

8、nsider the 4-bit generator G is 1001, and suppose that D has the value . What is the value R? Show your calculation steps. (6)答：本題中G=1001，D=，需要求R，先將D補全3個0（G的位數-1），為（2分）.再對其用G進行二進制除法，得到的余數即為R=111。（2分）其具體計算過程如下：計算過程（2分）驗算過程（不算分）三. Consider transferring an enormous file of L bytes from Host A to Host B

9、. Assume an MSS of 1,460 bytes. (10)What is the maximum value of L such that TCP sequence numbers are not exhausted? Recall that the TCP sequence number fields has 4 bytes.For the L you obtain in (a), find how long it takes to transmit the file. Assume that a total of 66 bytes of transport, network,

10、 and data-link header are added to each segment before the resulting packet is sent our over a 100 Mbps link. Ignore flow control and congestion control so A can pump out the segments back to back and continuously.一共有 232 = 4,294,967,296個可能的序列號。（2分）a) 由于序列號不隨著TCP報文段個數增長而增長。而是根據發送數據的字節數而增長。因此，MSS的大小與

11、可以從A發送到B的文件的大小無關。文件大小可以簡單估算為： 232 4.19 Gbytes 。（3分）b) TCP報文段的個數為= 2,941,758。66字節的首部加到每個報文段將帶來194,156,028字節的首部。要傳輸的字節總數為：(232+ 194,156,028) 8 = 3,591107 bits。（3分）因此將花費 359 seconds = 6 minutes 來傳輸文件在一個 100Mbps 鏈路上。（2分）（思路正確，計算錯誤給1半分）四. Consider a router that interconnects four subnets: N1, N2, N3 and

12、N4. Suppose all of the interfaces in each of these four subnets are required to have the prefix 4/26. Also suppose the N1 is required to support up to 24 interfaces, N2 is required to support up to 12 interfaces, and N3 and N4 are each required to support up to 6 interfaces. Provide four network add

13、resses of the form a.b.c.d/x that satisfy these constraints. (10)答：N1: 4/27 （3分）N2: 6/28 （3分）N3: 12/29 （2分）N4: 20/29 （2分）五. (10) Suppose CSMA/CD protocol is used in a LAN. The distance between hosts A and B is 2 km, propagation speed is km/s, transmission rate of the link is 10 Mbps. Please answer t

14、he following questions:(1) Suppose collision occurred when the two hosts send data. How long is the time from the beginning of data transmission to collision is detected?(2) What is the smallest frame from A to B?（1）2/=10-5(s)(2)2*10-5*10*106=200(bit)六. Suppose within your Web browser you click on a

15、 link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is cached in your local host. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains a small amount of HTML text, and the HTML file references five very small objects on the same server. Let RTT2 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Neglecting transmission times, how much time elapses with: (10)a. Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connec