1、 徐曼徐曼 馮娟馮娟 楊晶楊晶 王康王康 Natural Sciencewhat is your feeling when seeing the phenomenon?dizzy!ContentsWarming-upQuestion: Do you know why zebra(斑馬) are striped? Or do you have a better understanding of the function of stripes ? -just for beauty ? . SuppositionTitle Why zebra are striped? .predators migh

2、t get dizzy when watching a herd of stripes gallop by.stripes are a sophisticated form of flyrepellent.（防蠅器）Horse sensejust an elaborate insect repellent(驅蟲器)camouflage（保護色）a way to display an individuals fitnessEvidenceEvidence1I Investigatorsnvestigators：Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University蓋博 霍瓦特艾奧特

3、沃斯大學2ArticleArticle：in the Journal of Experimental Biology （實驗生物學報）Experimental progressThe original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies.原本的猜想是說條紋是為了避免舌蠅。These insectscarry sleeping sickness, which is as much a bane of ungulates as it is of people.這些小昆蟲帶有昏睡病，對人類和有蹄類動物同樣致害。Result：But tsets

4、es are not the only dipteran foes of zebra 但是舌蠅并非是斑馬唯一的長著翅膀的敵人，since they are rarely found in the meadows of Hungary,因為舌蠅在匈牙利的草原上并不常見。Experience progressDr Horvath plumped for studying analmost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly.Horvath轉而研究一種同樣惱人的替代品：馬蠅。Horseflies, too, transmit disease.馬蠅也

5、同樣傳播疾病。They also bite incessantly, thus keeping grazing beasts from their dinner.它們屬于寄生式叮咬，因此使得這些動物進食減少。Result：Indeed, previous research has shown that fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milk production.的確有研究表明被馬蠅襲擊的馬和牛出現了身體脂肪和產奶量下降的現象。Experience progressObject: Object: inani

6、mateobjects(非生命體)-Actual zebra are hard to experiment on because of moving around and swishing their tails.Color:Color: uniformly dark or uniformly light and stripes of various widths(black horse, white horse,striped horse )Experimental progressprogress: Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly

7、 light.一些實驗對象被涂成純白色或者純黑色，and some had stripes of various widths.還有一些則被涂成寬度各異的條紋圖案。Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil.其中有些是充滿色拉油的塑料架子。Some were glue-covered boards. And some were actual models of zebra.一些是膠合紙板做的。還有一些是真實的斑馬。They put these objects in a field infested with horseflies and coun

8、ted the number of insects they trapped.他們把這些實驗對象放到一個充滿馬蠅的場地，然后計算被吸引的馬蠅數目。Experimental progressConclusion:Their first discovery was that stripes attracted fewer flies than solid,uniform colours.他們第一個發現是條紋的比純色的吸引的馬蠅少。As intriguingly, though, they also found that the least attractive pattern of stripes

9、 was precisely those of the sort of width found on zebra hides.然而，耐人尋味的是他們還發現吸引力最小的條紋花式正是斑馬身上的條紋樣式。Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies.因此，斑馬的條紋看起來真的能夠防馬蠅。The truth But Dr Horvath thinks it might be related to a horseflysability to see polarised light,但是Horvath博士認為這可能與馬蠅識別偏振光的能力有關，

10、which imposes a sense of horizontal andvertical on an image.偏振光是從水平和垂直方向打在畫面上的。 Horseflies are known to prefer horizontal polarisedlight.眾所周知馬蠅偏向于水平偏振光。 Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the flys tinybrain and thus stop it seeing the animal.所以極有可能是斑馬身上垂直的條紋迷惑了馬蠅的小腦袋，因此阻礙了馬蠅發現斑

11、馬。 Have you heard tsetse flies(舌蠅) and horseflies before? -Maybe not or just a little .舌蠅舌蠅，又叫采采蠅，是非洲的吸血昆蟲，全屬約21種，能傳播人類的睡眠病以及家畜的類似疾病非洲錐蟲病。舌蠅以人類、家畜及野生獵物的血為食。舌蠅分布廣泛，多棲息于人類聚居地及撒哈拉以南某些地區的農業地帶 摘要摘要：在非洲大陸舌蠅從不叮斑馬，一旦被舌蠅叮咬就可能染上“昏睡病”發燒、疼痛、神經紊亂，直至死亡。科學家研究后發現，舌蠅的視覺很特別，一般只會被顏色一致的大塊面積所吸引馬蠅：馬蠅：成蟲比一般的蠅大。頭大，身體表面生有細毛，像蜜蜂。口器退化，不攝取食物。多生活在野外。卵產在馬、驢、騾等的毛上，孵出的幼蟲被動物舔毛時帶入體內而寄生在胃里。馬蠅是種害蟲，在幼蟲階段它就寄生在動物身上，有時也寄生在人身上