1、高三英語語法-動詞時態復習在英語中，通過不同的時態，表示或區別在不同時間發生的動作 或出現的情況，要準確地使用不同的時態，關鍵要弄清各種時態的定 義和用法。在近年英語高考命題中對時態的考查是一個重點，所考查 的主要是一般過去時，現在完成時，現在進行時，過去進行時。一、一般現在時基本用法：1 .表示包括現在時刻在內整個階段經常性和習慣性動作The bank opens at 8:00 a.m. on weekdays.However busy I am, I write to my mother regularly.2 .表示人或物基本特征，特性及目前的狀態Now I am busy; I ca

2、n ' t spare time for a holiday.That street is in bad condition, and smells terrible.3 .表示客觀真理，科學事實，格言及沒有時限的客觀存在Knowledge is strength.Light travels faster than sound.Japan lies to the east of China.選擇：1. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven ' t had time to play since the new year.A. will play

3、B. have played C. played D. play2.Can I help you, sirYes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but itA . didn t work B. won t work C. can t work D. doesn t work1 .答案為Do乒乓球打得出色是一個的基本能力和特征，因此要用一般現在時。2 .答案為Do收音機不響，反應的是收音機目前的工作狀況，故 用一般現在時。改錯：1. Make sure that you will pick me up after work.3 . I ' ll

4、 see to it that I will return the reference book on time.答案：1） will pick 一 pick2） will return 一 return在see to it that 和make sure that句型中，從句動詞用一般時， 表小將來時。二、一般過去時基本用法：1 .表示在一個特定的過去時間，發生的事件或人或物的客觀情況。該時態常跟一個表示過去時間的狀語連用。如：yesterday, thenight before （前天晚上），once （曾經），the other day = a few days ago, just no

5、w = a moment ag o 剛才）I got to know him two years ago.He was seriously ill last week.2 .也可表示過去經常性或重復發生的動作或情況。As a child, I would go to sea along with my father.China is different from what it used to be.情態動詞would do可表示過去習慣性動作；used to be / do可表 示過去習慣性動作或狀態。選擇：1.Your telephone number again ? I quite ca

6、tch it.It ' s 9568422.A. didn ' t B. couldn ' t C. don' t D. can' t2. We could have walked to the station, it was so near.Yes. A taxi at all necessary.A . wasn' t B . hadn' tbeen C . wouldn ' t D. won' t3. Come on it, Peter. I want to show you something.Oh, how ni

7、ce of you ! I you to bring me a gift.A. never think ; are going B. never thought ; were goingC. didn ' t think were going D. hadn' t thought were going簡析：1.答案A。“沒聽清楚”發生在對方當時報電話號碼那個過 去時刻，故用一般過去時。2 .答案A。根據對話的情景可知，甲乙雙方都在談論過去發 生的事情。甲方用虛擬語氣，責備自己當時未能步行去車站，乙方 強調當時乘出租車沒有必要，故用一般過去時。3 .答案B。思維動詞think,

8、know, expect等，時態使用的原則 是：表示現在的看法、知曉用一般現在時；表示過去的看法、知曉， 而這種思維活動現在已不復存在，用一般過去時。根據對話可知， 乙方沒想到“甲方會給他帶來禮物”，發生在未見到禮物之前。一 旦見到禮物，這種想法即刻消失，故think應用一般過去時。答案B 比C語氣強，更符合對話的情景，因此 B為最佳選項。在以下句型中，必須用一般過去時表示將來發生的動作：1. It is (high / about) time (that) you went bed.你該去睡覺了。2. I would rather they came tomorrow.我倒希望他們明天來。三

9、、現在完成時1 .表達形式：主動語態have / has done ;被動語態have / has been done2 .基本用法：1)表示動作或過程發生在說話之前某個過去時刻，到說話時已 完成，并與現在的情況有聯系。I have turned on the electric heater(電熱器)in the room.(I turned on the electric heater, and the room is getting warm now.He has taken away my reference book.(He took away my reference book, a

10、nd now I can )' t use it. 選擇： The price, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A . went down B . will go down C. has gone downD. was going down答案為C。作者對今后物價是否能繼續走低，心懷疑慮，而他此時的心態是由物價下跌這一動作引發的，故用現在進行時。2)表示動作或狀態從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續到現在。可 能剛結束，也可能繼續下去。起點NowHe has been in Beijing for two years.We have had ple

11、nty of rain here since we parted last month.自上個月我們分手以來，這里下了很多雨。表示動作或狀態從過去某一時刻持續到現在的時間狀語還有inthe past (last) few years, ever since, so far, up to the present直至U 現在)，until now, in recent years等。選擇：How are you today ?Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.A . didn ' t feel B.wasn' feeling C.do

12、n' t feel D. haven' t felt答案為Do譯：我很長時間沒有象今天這樣周身不適。本句的實質是：今天我身體狀況最差，而這以前情況基本正常，即not feelill。這種正常身體狀況從過去延續到今天截止。故應用現在完成 時。關于現在完成時，請注意以下三點：1）現在完成時與一般過去時的區別：現在完成時表示的動作或狀態或與在有聯系，它強調的是對現在的影響。一般過去時表示的動作或狀態已成為歷史，不復存在，與現在無關系。He has worked in Paris for two years.（現在人仍在巴黎。）He worked in Paris for two ye

13、ars.（現在人已不在巴黎。）2）可用句型It is + （一段時間）+ since （主語）+ （動詞的過去 時），解決瞬間動詞不能與一段時間連用的矛盾。如：It is ten years since he left Shanghai.It is about two years since I got married to Jane.3）下列句型的分句中動詞用現在完成時。如：It is the first （序數詞）time （that） I have visited China.我是我第 一次訪問中國。This is the most beautiful（形容詞最高級）city that

14、I have ever seen 這是我見過的最美麗的城市。四、過去完成時1 .表達形式 主動語態had done ;被動語態had been done2 .基本用法1）在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已完成的動作。had doneNow例：He said that he had arrived three days before.2)動作或狀態在過去某一時間之前已經開始，一直延續到這一 過去時間。例：By the time he came we had worked for two hours.had doneNow例 1:Mary came back yesterday.Where she?A

15、. had; been B. did; go C. has; been D. had; gone答案為Ao乙方要問的是“在昨天之前，她去過哪里"，屬過去 的過去。故應用過去完成時。例 2： Until then, his family from him for two months.A . didn ' t hear B.hasn' t heard C. hadn' t heard D. heard nothing譯：到那個時候，他家人已有兩個月沒有收到他的來信。答案為C。“未收到來信”這種情況持續到那個時候，而不是現在。根據過去完成時的第二種用法，應用過去完

16、成時。例3:用正確時態填空I (mean) to go on Monday, but I have stayed at their request.答案為 had meant動詞 hope, wish, intend, mean, want, expects,其過去完成時可表示“過去未曾實現的希望，打算或意圖”。五、現在進行時1 .表達形式：主動形式：am / is / are doing被動形式am / is /are being done2 .基本用法表示此刻或現階段正在進行的動作。The students are preparing for the entrance exam at pr

17、esent.表示目前的變化、發展和進展過程，需要用現在進行時。Selecting a mobile phone for perponal use is no easy task becausetechnology is changing so rapidly.請注意以下兩點：1 .現在進行時與一般現在時的區別：一般現在時表示的動作，其特征為經常性；現在進行時表示的動作，其特征具有暫時性。經常性與暫時性是區分這兩種時態的主要尺度。例：Is this raincoat yours ?No, mine there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C

18、. hangs D. hung答案為A。這段對話大多發生在下班，會議或社交活動結束后，人們各自找自己的雨具這樣的場合。“雨衣掛在門后”是臨時性的，故用現在進行時。2 . 進行時與 always, continually, constantly, forever等副詞連用，作為一種修辭手段，用于表達贊揚、不滿、抱怨等情緒。He is always thinking of others.他總是為別人著想。（贊揚）At school he was constantly playing trick on others.在校讀書時，他老是捉弄人。（厭惡）六、過去進行時1 .表達形式主動態：was / w

19、ere doing ;被動形式：was / werebeing done2 .基本用法用于表示在過去某一時刻或過去某一階段正在進行的動作。I was making a long-distance call to my near relative before you arrived.In those years we were having a hard time.例：1.Hey, look where you are going !Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.A . I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticin

20、g C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice2.Tom into the house when no one.A . slipped; was lookingB . had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had lookedD. was slipped; looked1 .答案為B。“走路時心不在焉，不注意前進方向”，發生在甲方 責備他之前那段已過去的時間里。故應用過去進行時。2 .譯文：湯姆乘著沒有人注意，溜進房屋。答案為Ao when, while, as引導的時間狀語從句，若主句動作與從句動作同時進行，且

21、一長一短。那么持續時間長的動作用進行時，持續短的動作用一般! ，! n m h ! M : ! !( n m w H ! anMaaianaaiH !) ! ») ! IB ! (!時。本題中“溜slip”發生在沒有人注視這一過程中，“溜slip” I I I,/,為短動作，故用一般過去時，而 watch “注視”持續時間長，應用 過去進行時。七、一般將來時1 .基本用法 表示將來或即將發生的動作2.表達形式 主動形式：shall / will do ; shall / will be doing被動形式：shall / will be doneshall用于第一人稱，will用于所

22、有人稱I won ' t be free tonight.I will be waiting for you outside after school.一般將來時其他表達形式如下：1) am / is / are going to do用于表示a)預先打算做某事。b)有跡象表明即將發生的動作。We are going to visit the Great Wall at weekends.Listen to the loud crash of thunder. It' 碗那nj 端白ran.聲，天就要下雨了。2) am / is / are to do用于表示按計劃、安排要進行

23、的動作The meeting is to be held tomorrow.注1:該結構也可當情態動詞用，表示“命令”、“可能”You are to be back by 9 oclock at thelOtestll遲在 9 點之前回家。This kind of book is nowhere to be bought. = This kind of book can t be bought anywhere.注 2：用在if 條件句中，表示“想” 。 If we are to be there in time,we ll have to hurry up.3) be about to do

24、用于表達某動作馬上要發生Be quick ! Flight No. 302 to Tokyo is about to take off.改錯： Allention please ! The concert is about to start in five minutes.刪去in five minutes。be about to do不能與具體時間狀語連用。4) 轉移動詞 go, come, start, leave, arrive, return, sai等以及 win, lose, die可用進行時表示將來時。The ship is sailing for Shanghai tomorr

25、ow.It seems to me that our team is losing.八、過去將來時1基本用法表示在過去某一時刻尚未發生的動作或存在的狀態。2表達形式主動語態： should / would do 被動語態： should / would be doneI never imagined that he would become a doctor.I promised my boss that I would finish this work by the end of this month.一般將來時的其他表達形式，也適用于過去將來時I felt that something t

26、errible was about to happen.請注意：when, once, until, as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句if, unless, so long as等引導的條件狀語從句even if, though, whenever, whether or （不管還是） 等引導的讓步狀語從句若從句動作未發生，應用一般時表示將來時。I will let you know if he comes back.He said that he wouldn ' t lose heart evfailedheWhatever happens, do be calm.九、被動

27、語態1.定義：若主語是謂語動作的承受者，即主謂語為被動關系， 則謂語動詞應用被動形式。The question is being discussed at the meeting.Full time should be made use of to speed up socialist construction.必須充分利用時間加速社會主義建設。下列情況不能用被動語態：a .不及物動詞及不及物性的短語動詞，如 happen, appear, disappear, break out, take place 等b .狀態動詞或系動詞。例：There is no doubt that Taiwan

28、 is belonged to China.（錯）His head is felt hot.（錯）This plan was proved practical.（錯）下列情況用主動形式表示被動意義：a.表示事物的名詞作主語，謂語表示該事物的特征。例：This book sells well.This cloth washes well.b.動詞前有情態動詞 won' t, wouldn ,裳示該動作難以實現。例：The door won' t open 1文扇門就是關不起來。The enginewouldn ' t start is morning.今天上午這馬達怎么也

29、發 動不起來。動詞時態練習（04全國卷）1. My mind wasn ' t on what he was saying so I' m afraid I half ofit.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed（04浙江卷）2. The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was comingB. had comeC. has comeD. came （04福建卷） 3. She has set a new record ,tha

30、t is ,the sales of her latest book50 million.A. have reachedB. has reachedC. arereachingD. had reached（04江蘇卷）4. More patients in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treated C. had been treated D.have been treated （04湖北卷）5. He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere .

31、A. sawB. has seen C. seesD. hadseen （04浙江卷）6. Because the shop, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down（04北京春季）7. 一 Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You you didn ' t like your father ' s job.A. had

32、 said B. saidC. were saying D.had been saying（04湖南卷）8. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen（04北京卷）9. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but shehasn ' t

33、decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider （04北京卷）10. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed1-5 DDADD 6-10 CCABC二、提

34、圖練習。1. -1 thought you were proud of the work I .-1 ' m afraid not. You ' d better change it for another.A. doB. had done C .didD. would2. -Sorry, Joe, I didn t mean to -Don' t call me “Joe” . I ' m Mr. Parker to you, and you forgetit!A. doB. didn ' tC. didD.don' t3. Nobody co

35、uld have guessed, 20 years ago, the important place inChinese history that Shenzhen.A. was having B. was to haveC. had hadD.had4. The plane over the landing field for twenty minutes when the pilot was told that he should use the Eastside Field.A. had been circlingB. is circling C . was circlingD. ha

36、d circled5. -What about the situation there?-Oh, it as serious as it does now for a long time.A. didn ' lo okB. wasn' tooking C. doesn' lo okD.hasn' t looked6. -Why! Where' s my saport? Maybe I left it on the plane.-My Goodness! You things behind!A. had never left B. didn 'le

37、ave C. never left D. haven ' t left7. Doctors and medical supplies to the scene of the accident after the train crash.A. had been rushedB. were rushed C. were rushingD. rushed8. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness.A. has grownB. is growing C. grewD.h

38、ad grown9. -The former president was caught at last. -Really? Where himself?A. had he hiddenB . has he hiddenC. was he hiddenD. has he been hiding10. After a tsunami hit Southeast and South Asia last month, up to150,000 and thousands more.A. were killed; are still unknownB. have been killed;were sti

39、ll unknownC. are killed; are still unknownD. had been killed; werestill unknown11. Why don' t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stayC. be staying D . havestayed12. You things about. Look, what a mess in your room!A. always throwB. have always thrownC.

40、 are always throwingD. have always beenthrowing13. Plant more trees in this area, otherwise we from sandstorms.A. often suffer B. will often suffer C. is often suffer D. will often be suffered14. -Henry, the phone is ringing. Do you want me to go-No； si?still.A. I'll get it B. I am to get it C.

41、I' m getting it D.I am going to get it.15. The article suggests that when a person under unusual stresshe should beespecially careful to have a well balanced diet.A. beB. isC. wereD.was16. The prices of agricultural productswhile those of industrialproducts only a little.A. are going up; have be

42、en brought down B. have gone up; are being brought downC. are being gone up; has brought down D. have been gone up; are bringing down17. -1 thought you might have got drunk.-Yes, I.A. have B. had C. did do D. might have18. We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July, and by then we for six weeks.A.

43、are walkingB. have been walkingC. will be walkingD. will have beenwalking19. How can you possibly miss the news? It on TV all day long.A. has beenB. had been C. wasD.will be20. I don' u nderstand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver.A. think- are B. am thinking - are C. thought- -wereD. thinkwere21. -Why did you come by taxi?-My bike broke down last night and I it repaired.A. didn't have B. don't have C. won't have D. haven't had22. -Do you mean we have to break off the experiment for dinner?-Yes, itin the din