1、GrammarGrammar構詞法構詞法 (一一) (Word FormationWord Formation)高考英語語法總復習高考英語語法總復習If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! GuessGuess the meaning! the meaning! When we deal with the problems in reading co

2、mprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context( (上下文，語境上下文，語境) ) is also very important.根據根據構詞法構詞法猜詞猜詞1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet. 首先要熟悉基本的構詞法及其規律首先要熟悉基本的

3、構詞法及其規律, 其其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。等。小小結結dis+honest 不誠實的不誠實的speech+less 說不出話的說不出話的pick+pocket 扒手扒手構詞法構詞法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 轉化法轉化法（Conversion）縮略法縮略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成詞

4、合成詞 Compoundpain-killercolor- blindsleep-walksleep-walker一、一、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把兩個或兩個以上獨立的詞合成把兩個或兩個以上獨立的詞合成一個新詞。一個新詞。合成詞匯展廳合成詞匯展廳一一.合成合成名詞名詞 seafood greenhouse二二.合成合成動詞動詞 overcome whitewash三三.合成合成形容詞形容詞 snow-white man-made四四.合成合成副詞副詞 however ; anyway五五.合成合成代詞代詞 somet

5、hing; everything六六.合成介詞合成介詞 within insidefire+fighter=firefighter friend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seaside Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, friend, B: side, fighter, ship, by, known, Model: part + time = part-timePractice I二、二、轉化

6、法（Conversion）：指一個詞不變詞形，而由一種詞類轉化為另一種詞類或幾種詞類。tasten. 味道v.嘗起來It has a good taste.It tastes very good.hand n.手手v.遞送遞送. We always walk hand in handPlease hand me the book. 名詞轉化為動詞名詞轉化為動詞形容詞轉化為動詞形容詞轉化為動詞名詞轉化為形容詞名詞轉化為形容詞副詞轉換為動詞副詞轉換為動詞 telephone電話打電話slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下擊倒hand手 交給warm 暖的使溫暖black 黑色黑色的b

7、ack向后后退record 錄音記錄 empty 空的倒空noble 貴族高貴的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 較好 改善key 鑰匙 關鍵的name 名字 命名cool 涼爽 使冷face 臉 面對 動詞轉化為名詞動詞轉化為名詞動詞轉化為形容詞動詞轉化為形容詞形容詞轉化為名詞形容詞轉化為名詞一些形容詞前加一些形容詞前加the后轉換為名詞后轉換為名詞 drink 喝飲料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首領the wounded受傷的人們 study 學習書房fit 適合 適合的first 第一的 第一個the blind盲人們look at have a lo

8、ok at wrong 錯誤的 錯 誤the beautiful美麗的東西 轉化法例釋三、派生法三、派生法 Derivation指在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另一個與原意略有變指在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另一個與原意略有變化或截然相反的詞化或截然相反的詞派派生生法法前綴前綴后綴后綴名詞后綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴否定前綴其他前綴其他前綴 加前綴：加前綴： happy -happy - _happyhappy 加后綴：加后綴： develop -develop - developdevelop_ 既加前綴又加后綴：既加前綴又加后綴： employ -empl

9、oy -_employemploy_注意:派生詞的前綴一般只改變詞義,不改 變詞類;后綴一般只改變詞類,不引起 詞義變化.unmentunment Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overc

10、rowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 動詞前綴動詞前綴enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrich常見的常見的否定前綴否定前綴中學英語課本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，如果能理中學英語課本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，如果能理解這些否定前綴的含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助解這些否定前綴的含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助的。否定前綴加在一個詞的前面就完全改變或否定了的。否定前綴加在一個詞的前面就完全改變或否定了這個詞的原來意義這個詞的原來意義。前前 綴綴意意 義義用

11、用 法法例例 詞詞un-不，未（= not) 加在形容詞或副詞前unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unusual, , 相反動作加在動詞前uncover, untie, unlock, undressin- ，il-im-，ir-不， 非， 無加在形容詞或其派生的名詞或副詞前 incomplete, impossible. impolite, irregular, inability, dis-表示否定加在名詞或形容詞前dishonour,羞辱 表示相反加在動詞前dislike, disbelieve表示分離剝奪除去加在名詞或動詞前discharge,排出 d

12、ismiss解雇 mis-表示錯、誤加在名詞、動詞或及其派生詞前mistake, misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding誤解Some important suffixes:-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj. sharpen v._strength _ bright Practice IIGuess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import m

13、ost of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.進口進口生物物理學生物物理學合作合作運輸運輸明星明星四、四、縮略法縮略法（ Abbr

14、eviation ）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebPractice Makes Perfect ! rain(形容詞形容詞) _ agree(反義反義)_ nation(形容詞形容詞)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副詞副詞)_ friend(形容詞形容詞)_ hope(形容詞形容詞)_ back(形容詞形容詞)_ visit(名詞名詞)_ home(形容詞形容詞) _ eight(序數詞序數詞)_ true(名詞名詞)_ America(形容詞形容詞)_ China(形容詞

15、形容詞)_按括號內的要求改寫下列單詞按括號內的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChineseu請做下列高考真題。請做下列高考真題。 1. (2013) That would be a very _(reason) thing to do in a big city.思路點撥：思路點撥：reasonable 在名詞前作定語要用形在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。容詞。真題再練真題再練 2. (2013) But such a small

16、 thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.思路點撥：思路點撥：possibly 修飾謂語動詞修飾謂語動詞destroy作狀語，用副詞。注意：以作狀語，用副詞。注意：以-ble接尾的形接尾的形容詞，其副詞形式通常是將容詞，其副詞形式通常是將ble改為改為bly。 3. (2012) For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized th

17、at it wasnt her 思路點撥：思路點撥：pleased 在系動詞在系動詞felt后作表語，用后作表語，用形容詞，表示形容詞，表示“高興的高興的”。 4. (2007) We drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night.思路點撥：思路點撥：merrily 修飾動詞修飾動詞talked作狀作狀語，用副詞。語，用副詞。 5. (2011) He must be _(mental) disabled.思路點撥：思路點撥：mentally 修飾分詞形容詞作狀語，修飾分詞形容詞作狀語，用副詞。用副詞。 6. (2010

18、) His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.思路點撥：思路點撥：warmly 修飾動詞修飾動詞smiled作狀語，用作狀語，用副詞形式。副詞形式。Use your imagination, youll get a different world. 想象給生活插上翅膀，想象給生活插上翅膀，讓我們在學習的天空中讓我們在學習的天空中越飛越高！越飛越高！1. Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslate2.給下列單詞加上前綴給下列單詞加上前綴dis-,