1、1A Brief Introduction to the History of Translation in China2Ancient Times Zhou Dynasty 周禮秋官 “胥,掌蠻夷閩貉戎狄之國使,掌傳王之言而喻說焉,以和親之。若以時入賓,則協其禮與其言辭傳之。 ” 禮記王制 “五方之民，言語不通，嗜欲不同。達其志，通其欲，東方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰譯。 ”3Five Phases 1. Translation of Buddhist scripture(2nd11th century) 2. Early translation of Bible and works

2、 of social sciences and technology in western countries (17th18th: to the end of the Ming Dynasty) 3. Modern introduction to western civilization (19thmid-20th) 4. Translation of Russian works (1950s) 5. Translation boom since 1980s4Representative translators of each phase 1. Translation of Buddhist

3、 scripture(2nd11th century) climax: Tang Dynasty5玄奘（約 ） 672. Early translation of Bible and western sci-tech works (17th18th: to the end of the Ming Dynasty)Matteo Ricci (15521610)Born on Oct. 6, 1552, Macerata, Papal Statesdied on May 11, 1610, ChinaItalian Jesuit missionary 8co-operated in transla

4、tion of Euclids Elements9 co-operation in translation of Euclids Elements terms: 點、線、直線、曲線、平行線、角、直角、銳角、鈍角、三角形、四邊形 Later introduced into Japan, Korea and other Asian countries.10 3. Modern introduction of western thoughts through translation (19thmid-20th)11嚴復（18531921）1213Evolution and Ethics and Other Essaysby T. Henry Huxley 天演論譯例言 “譯事三難，信、達、雅。求其信，已大難矣。顧信矣不達，雖譯猶不譯也，則達尚焉?！?415林紓（1852-1924 ） best known for his translations of Western fictions into classical Chinese. 183 novels (British, American, French, Russian, Japanese, Spanish, Belgium, Norw