1、2013-2014學(xué)年第2學(xué)期期末考試（B）卷A. positionofthetongueC.mannerofarticulationB. opennessofthemouthD.shapeofthelips課程名稱出題教師簽名英語語言學(xué)概論程建山3. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants s and任課教師簽名程建LhP z are classified as .審題教師簽名王婉華A. liquidsB. affricates題號(hào)IIIIIIIVV總分得分評(píng)卷人考試方式（閉）卷適用專業(yè) 2011級(jí)英語專業(yè)考試時(shí)間

2、（120）分鐘I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandC. stopsD.fricatives4. Therearemorphemesintheword“frightening.A.2B.3C.4D.55. Semantically,thesentence“regretsteppingonyourbook”thesentence“Isteppedonyourbook.”B. entailsD. is synon

3、ymous withs speech act theory, a(n)act is theblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%X10=20%)1. AccordingtoSaussure,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemA.presupposesC.contradicts6. AccordingtoJohnAustinsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsactperformedbysayingsom

4、ething.andruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.A.languageB.langueC.paroleD.competence2. VowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT.A.prelocutionaryB.locutionaryC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary7. AllthefollowingwordsEXCEPTaretheexampleswhichcanbeusedtoillustratesemanticnarrowing.A.a

5、untB.wifeD. fowlC.hound8. Inmanycultures,wordsrelatingtosex,sexorgans,andnaturalbodilyfunctionsmakeupalargerpartofvocabulary.A.genderB.euphemismC.slangD.taboo9. SpeakerA:I'moutofpetrol.SpeakerB:Theresagarageroundthecorner.SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof.A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.manner10. Aty

6、picalexampleofacommunityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.A.diglossicB.bilingualC.pidginizedD.creolized11. Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinON

7、Ewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11. Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.12. Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,w

8、hicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.13. Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.14. Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15. Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,“wemustbetalkingabou

9、tacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;theword"baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.16. Therelationshipbetweenthewordsinsuchpairsas“buy”and“by"stationary"and"stationery"canbeleledash17. Inanaprocess,successiveso

10、undsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.18. Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc19. Alinguistictreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite"

11、;ysrociegeneraluse.20. Speechvreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%10=2

12、0%)21. Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.22. Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwh

13、ichthereallyrequiredandusedbypopulartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.23. Prefixesareaddedtothebeginningofstems;theymodifythemeaningofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.24. Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalw

14、aysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.25. Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.26. Thepairofwords,"husbandand"wife,arecomplementaryantonyms.27. Onelinguisticsymbolca

15、nhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesamesense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.28. Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29. Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragm

16、aticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30. Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesfor川ustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)31. arbitrariness32.parole33.consonants34.boundmorphe

17、me35. back-formation36. syntax37. sense38.pragmatics39. hyponymy40.sociolectV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)x41. Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwosentences.(1) Aboyfoundthebook.(2) Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.42. StatebrieflyCooperativePrinci

18、pleanditsfourmaximsandthenuseittoexplainthefollowingconversation:(1) A:Howdoyoulikemypainting?B:IdonImafraid.(2) Heismadeofiron.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.(2%1：0=20%)1-5BCDBA6-10BADCBII.Directions：Fillintheblankineacho

19、fthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%Aplex15.reference16.homonymy17.assimilation18.Creole19.taboo20.varietym.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.

20、Writea“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseontheAnswerSheet.(2%10=20%)21-25TFTFT26-30FTTTFIV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesfort have an eye for 3b1e.aurbtyit,rariness: there is no intrinsic connection between the word andillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)thethingitdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyot

21、hernameisthethingweusetowritewith.32. parole:Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.33. consonants:consonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltract

22、atsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.34. boundmorpheme:itreferstothosemorphemeswhichcannotoccuralone.Theymustappearwithatleastanothermorpheme.35. back-formation:Itreferstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerf

23、ormalreadyinthelanguage.36. syntax:Itrefertothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimplythestudyoftheformationofsentences.37. sense:senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningoflinguisticform;itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-co

24、ntexualized.38. pragmatics:Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.39. hyponymy:Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership.Theupperterminthissenserelation,i.e.theclassname,iscalledsuperordinate,andthelowerterm,themembers,hyponyms.40. sociolect:itisakindofsocialvariationof

25、languagewhichcanreflectapersonssocioeconomic,educational,occupationalandethnicbackground,aswellastheirsexandage.V.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)41. Omitted.42. Speechacttheorytellsusthataspeakercanmeanalotmorethanwhatissaid.Theproblemistoexplainhowthespeakercanmanagertoconveymorethanwhatissaidandhowthehearercanunderstandthespeakermseaning.H.P.Gricebelievesthattheremustbesomemechanismsgoverningtheproductionandcomprehensionoftheseutteran