1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達(dá)說話人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實(shí)的情況，以及在說話人看來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。1、在wish后的that-從句中主要表示愿望，that常省略1) 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿瑥木溆眠^去式。例如：I wish I knew his address. (I'm sorry I don 't know his address.)I wish I were young. (I 'm sorry I 'm not young.)2) 表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用過去完成式。例如：I wi

2、sh you had written to him. (I'm sorry you didn't write to him.)'t k發(fā)生在過去rdss.)3如果將wish改為wished,其后that-從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。比擬：I wished I knew his address. (I was sorry I didnI wished I could help you. (I was sorry Icouldn ' t help you發(fā)生在過去的將來't發(fā)生en過去的過去I wished you had written to him. (I w

3、as sorry you hadn 4)如果that-從句中用would, 一般表示：a) 對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變。例如：I wish prices would come down.b) 請(qǐng)求或說話者受打攪。例如：I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly question.2、在 if only 感慨句中1if only表示“但愿、“要是就好，它的用法和I wish根本相同，只是更富有感情 色彩。例如：If only he didn ' t drive so fast! (I wish he didn&

4、#39; t drive so fast./ I' m sorry he drivesIf only she had asked someone ' s advice. (I wish she had asked someone' s advice./ I 'didn ' t asked anyone ' s advice.)2) 與 would 連用，表示一時(shí)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：If only the rain would stop! (I wish it would stop. 含有 I ' m sure it will go o的

5、意思。)3) if only感慨句也可以理解為非真實(shí)條件句中if從句的加強(qiáng)語氣。例如：If only you would agree to help me next week, I would not be so nervous.因此 only 可以后移至主要?jiǎng)釉~前。例如：If I could only go to the concert.也可以用but / just。例如：If I could but / just explain!3、在 would rather 后的 that- 從句中1) would rather意為“寧愿，that-從句動(dòng)詞用過去式表示不是事實(shí)。例如：-Would y

6、ou like him paint the door green?-I ' d rathe(trhat) he painted it blue.2) would as soon后that-從句中的動(dòng)詞形式與 would rather后的that-從句的用法相同。例如: I would (just) as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me.4、在 It ' s ( about/ high ) timet的 that-從句中表示“該是 的時(shí)候了，含有“晚了一點(diǎn)的意思。例如：It ' s (about) time you w

7、ere in bed.It ' s (high) time (that) we left.5、在 as if / as though 從句中1) 表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所疑心，用過去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what happened.She spoke to me as if I were / was deaf.2) 表示過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，用過去完成式。例如：This device operates / operated as though it had been repaired.6、在sugg

8、est等動(dòng)詞及其相應(yīng)名詞之后的that-從句中常用“ (should) +不定式表示建議、命令、要求、想法等。美國英語不用should。例如：Bill suggested that everyone (should) have a map.It was suggested that everyone have a map.It was Bill's suggestion that everyone have a map.His suggestion was that everyone have a map.We are going to discuss his suggestion t

9、hat everyone have a map.這類動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見的還有：advise (advice), agree (agreeme nt), decide (decisi on), dece政令, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate

10、 (stipulation)規(guī)貝叮 ,urge, vote等。常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有： allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray 等。7、在It is / was +形容詞后的that-從句中常用“ (should) +不定式表示建議、驚奇等。美國英語不用should。例如：It is / was important that everyone (should) have a map.這類形容詞常見的還有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, co

11、mpulsory強(qiáng)制的，crucial緊要關(guān)頭的，desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative絕對(duì)必要的，impossible, improper, natural, n ecessary, obligatory必須履行的，preferable, proper, urge nt, vital, willi ng 等。注：1)但在 amazing, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable等形容詞后的 that-從句中一般用 shouldo 例如：It 's ridiculous that he

12、should behave like that.2)在 lest / for fear that-后的從句中一般用 shouldo 例如：He didn 't dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.8、在非真實(shí)條件句中1表示可能、能力或允許，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句用“ should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞 原形， if 從句用過去式。例如：If I were her age, I would be very active in class.If you tried again,

13、 you might succeed.If I knew her number, I could ring her up. 2表示可能、能力或允許，與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用“ should / would / could / might + have + 動(dòng)詞-ed形式，從句用陳述句的過去完成式。例如：If our documents had been in order, we could have left at once.If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.3表示未來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性極小，if從句用should / w

14、ere to,主句用“ should / would / could / might + 不定式。例如：If I should / were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. ( Probably I shall not do it.) 4表示客氣的請(qǐng)求，有時(shí)可僅用從句。例如：I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.If you 'd just sign the register.If you 'd put your

15、 address on the back of the check. 注：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句和從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^ 語動(dòng)詞形式。例如：If he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist now.If you had not given me a lift in your car, I should / would not be home tonight.If Tom intended to start out this morning, he should / would have got everythin

16、g ready last night.虛擬語氣練習(xí)Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs in the brackets:1. I wish my wife ( be ) here to advise me.( were )2. I wish I _3. If only we( have ) your opportunities when I was young(. had had )( have ) a phone! Im tired of queuing outside the pub(lipdh)one box.cap

17、d4. - But I told you what to do.- I know you did. If only I ( take ) your advice! ( had taken )5. If only he ( not smoke ) so much, he ' d fe(edl imduncoht sbmetotekre. )6. If only he ( know ) that the disease was curable(! had known )7. I would rather you ( go ) home now.( went )8. - Would you

18、like him to paint your door with yellow stars?- I ' d rather he ( paint ) it blue, and without any decoratio(npsa. inted )9. It ' s time he ( make ) a real effort to settle d(omwna.de )10. In weightless space, one may at first feel as if one ( fall ) endlessly; soon it will pass.( were / is

19、falling )11. Id rather you ( not do ) anything about it for the time be(indgid.n' t do )12. Its high time that the children( get ) dre(ssgeodt .)13. The machine is eight years old, but it operates as if ( be ) new( .were )14. Smith talked as if he ( do ) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and

20、 I did most of it.( had done )15. The dean of studies strongly advises that Laura ( participate ) in the remedial writing class.( participate )16. It is necessary that Tom ( fill ) in all the blanks on an application for a job(. fill )17. It is appropriate that this tax ( abolish ).( be abolished )1

21、8. It is ridiculous that we ( be ) short of water in a country where it is always raining.( should be )19. They are all for your suggestion that the discussion ( put ) of(f.be put )20. It is essential that Jones ( be ) prepared for emergenc(yb.e )21. We feel it is urgent that his deficiency ( correc

22、t ) as early as possible( .be corrected )22. You used wet sticks that' s why the fire took so long to light. If you ( use ) dry sticks, it ( light ) long ago. ( had used, would have lighted )23. The fog ( come ) down suddenly and I suppose they didn' t know which way to turnonly they ( have

23、) a map and a compass with them, they ( not drown ). ( came, hadhad, wouldn ' t have been drowned )24. The launching of the rocket ( delay ) an hour by bad weather. If the weather ( be )good, they ( launch ) it at 8:00 instead of at 9:00. ( was delayed; had been, would have launched )25. A flowe

24、r pot fell off the balcony on to the head of a man who ( stand ) below. It was mostunfortunate that he ( happen ) to be standing just there. If he ( stand ) a foot to the rightor left, he ( be ) unharmed.( was standing; happened; had stood, would have been )26. Chichester could not help thinking tha

25、t if anything ( happen ), the nearest person he couldcontact by radio, unless there ( be ) a ship nearby, ( be ) on an island 885 miles away.( should happen, was, would be )27. If all our air should suddenly rush away into the outer space, the blue of the sky ( be )gone. The sun and the stars ( shin

26、e ) in black sk(y.would be; would shine )28. I can hear the speaker all right but I wish I ( see ) him too. If he ( stand ) on abarrel we all ( see ) him and that ( be ) much better(. could see; stood, would all see,would be )29. If the exit doors hadn' t been blocked, people ( escape ) from the

27、 bur(ncinogulhda/ll.might / would have escaped )30. The astronauts would have walked farther on the moon if they ( not hamper ) by the thickdust. ( hadn 't been hampered )31. One word of warning: don' t underline everything you read. If you mark too much, the importantmaterial ( not stand ) out, and you ( be ) just as confused as if you ( not mark )anything at all. ( won 't stand, will be, hadn't marked )32. If you were listening, you ( understand ) the directions(. would understand )33. What