1、必修 5unit4 語法倒裝句英語的自然語序是主語+ 謂語（ +其他成分）。有時由于句子結構的需要或表示強調，就要采用倒裝語序。將謂語部分或完全放在主語之前。 只將助動詞或情態動詞或系動詞放到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。將謂語動詞放在主語之前稱為完全倒裝。一、部分倒裝（一般疑問句和特殊疑問句是部分倒裝）1、 only 在句首 修飾（狀語）副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句。（修飾名詞代詞（主語）時不倒裝）Only by working hard can we succeed.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only when I left my parents

2、 for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.Only he is the right person for the job.2、否定或半否定意義的副詞、連詞或介詞短語在句首，部分倒裝Little did he realize that we were watching his every move.Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.Never shall I forget the past bitter days.Seldom have I fel

3、t so lonely now.No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go.Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tire.By no means should we look down upon the people who are inferior to us.Eg: not only but also, 當 not only 位于句首，其引導的分句部分倒裝。Not only did they take away everything he had but also

4、 his German citizenship. not until 引導的從句放在句首，主句部分倒裝Not until you had shown me how to do it did I manage to do it. neither nor ， neither 和 nor 在其引導的分句句首時，兩個分句都部分倒裝Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.3、頻度副詞在句首（often, frequently, always, many, times） ，部分倒裝Rarely did a debate att

5、ract so much media attention.Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.4 So 開頭的句子（肯定句），說某人某事與前邊提到過的相同時，部分倒裝My room gets very cold at night.So does mine.5 neither, nor 開頭的句子（否定句）說某人某事與前邊提到過的相同時，部分倒裝If Joe s wife won t go to the party, neither will he.Bill wasn t happy about the delay of the repor

6、t by Jason, and neither was I.（ 上面的兩種句式都可用So it is / was with sb./sth.來替換）6 、 so that ; such that 句型，若把so或 such 及其所修飾的部分放在句首，主句部分倒裝， that 引導的結果狀語從句語序正常。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.Such rapid progress did the boy get that his father gave his permission to travel.1、表地點或方位的副詞

7、、介詞、介詞短語放在句首時，完全倒裝* “ there be句型實際上是完全倒裝。主語在 ”be后。在 “ there + be結構中的謂語動詞有時不用 ”be , 而用表示類似“存在 ”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和 appear 等。1 There is a box on the table.2 There came shouts for help from the river.3 There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.4 Many year

8、s ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.5 * in, out, back, up, down, off, away, here, there 等詞在句首，完全倒裝。（但若主語為人稱代詞，不倒裝）South of the city lies a big steel factory.Nearby were two chemical works.Inside the garden grow a variety of flowers.Look! Here comes the bus.Oh, here it comes.Listen! Ther

9、e goes the bell.Oh, there it goes.Just then the door opened and in came a woman.Hearing his names called, out he rushed.2. now, then, thus 開頭的一些固定句型，完全倒裝Now comes your turn to answer the question.The Anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. Then followed Chinas Liberation War.Thus began the reform.3、表語位于句首時

10、，完全倒裝（表語+系動詞+主語）Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Gone are the days1. 在 “ there be結構里， ” there 是引導詞，主語在be后。在 “ there + be結構中的謂語動詞有時不用 ”be , 而用表示類似“存在 ”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如： live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和 appear 等。e.g. There is a box on the table.There came shouts

11、 for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.3. 在 here，there 等副詞開頭的某些句子里（要用一般現在時態）。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。（完全倒裝）e.g. There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.There she comes.Ex： There . And here .A. goes t

12、he phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she4. 重復倒裝句型，用在以so， nor， neither 開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so 用于肯定句，表示“也一樣 ”“ 也這樣 ”； nor， neither 用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.My parents didn't watch TV l

13、ast night. Neither ( Nor ) did I.She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.You passed the exam. So did I.He doesn t like shopping. Neither do i.He can t speak any forgeni language. Nor can his father.表示兩人的同樣一個情況時，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動詞、時態要一致。否則要用so it is with His uncle is a worker and has been

14、working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.Ex： 1)I don't know how to swim, .A. and my sister doesn't neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either2)She's passed the test. .A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have5.

15、直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)e.g. "Very well ， " said the French student."Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea ， please." said he.6. 在以 hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few ， seldom, no sooner (than), not until, no where 等否定或半否定意義的副詞、連詞放在句首時要用倒裝句，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首

16、就不要倒裝。e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.Not once did we visit the city of our own.Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.Not only was there no electricity, bu

17、t also no water.Not until he shouted at the top of his voice did she turn her head.比較： I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.Ex： 1) Hardly the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that b

18、efore? No, anything like thatbefore.A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen7. 用于以 only 所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子中。e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only 后的詞組不是狀語，不需倒裝。e.g. On

19、ly Wang Lili knows this.Only a few young men went to the theatre. (修飾主語時則不用倒裝)Ex： 1)Only in this way _ make progress in your English.A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to2) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D.

20、 was able to he3)Only after liberation_ to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun8. 為了表達生動，有時把表地點、方位的副詞，如up，down ， out，away，in 等放在句首，同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語為人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。(完全倒裝)e.g. Away hurried the boy.Out rushed the girl.Away she w

21、ent with tears in her eyes.Ex： Out , with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush表示地點的介詞短語(如 on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle ofthe room 等 )放在句首時,要全部倒裝。如:On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a play

22、ground.Ex： Under a big tree , half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man9. 在虛擬結構中，條件從句的謂語含有were， had 和 should 這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。e.g. Had I time ( = If I had time ) ， I would go and help you.Were I you ( = If I were you ) ， I would go abroad.Should he

23、 come ( =If he should come ) ， tell him to ring me up.10. as 引導讓步狀語從句時要倒裝(形容詞/ 副詞 / 名詞 / 動詞 + as + 主語 + 謂語) 。e.g. Proud as they are ， they are afraid to see me.Child as he is ， he seems to know everything. ( child 前不加冠詞)Hard as he worded ， he made little progress.Ex： , he's honest.A. As he is po

24、or B. Poor is he C. Pooras he is D. Pooras ishe, he knows a lot of things.A. A child as he is B. Child as he isC. A child as isheD.Child as is he11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g. May you succeed ！Long live the People's Republic of China ！12. So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時要倒裝。So happy did he feel.Such was me.13. 固定搭

25、配hardly when; scarcely when n;o sooner than 可以用正常語序hadhardly done when di或用倒裝句式dHardly had + 主語 + done when did 句式。 hardly所在的句子用過去完成時。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.Ex： Hardly dow

26、n _he stepped in.A. had I sat thaBn. I had sat when C. had I sat theDn . had I sat when14. 在以 often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結構。如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Ex： Many a time swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C

27、.did the boy go D. did go the boy15. so+ 形容詞 /副詞 that 的結構狀語從句可以用正常語序表示，也可以把so+形容詞 /副詞放于句首構成倒裝。句型如下：so +形容詞/副詞 +be/ 助動詞 /情態動詞that + 從句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the wo

28、rk that they finished it in a few days.16. "分詞（代詞） + be + 主語"結構。如:Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.done 做形容詞在句中做表語時，常把表語放在句首，要用倒裝句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.17. 為了保持句子的平蘅或為了強調表語和狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接，把它們放在句

29、首用倒裝句。該結構不需加助動詞。East of the town lies a beautiful lake.In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.Outside the doctor s cliniec twweernty patients.練習：1. and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2. and the lesson began.A

30、. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3. Over , dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4. Where is my shirt, mum? .A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, .A. here he comes B. he

31、 here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he6. The door opened and there .A. enters an old man B. entered an old manC. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now your turn to recite the text.A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often them not to smoke here.A. we advised B. advi

32、sed me C. did we advise D. had we advised9. playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall two large portraits.A. are hanging B .Hanged C. hang D. hangs11. who was wounded in the stomach.A.

33、Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old man B. does an old man liveC. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13.She plays the piano very well, .A. so every o

34、ne of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, , and .A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. .A. So we were B. So we did

35、C. So were we D. So did we16.1 don t think Jack will come today, .A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn Ct . Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, I .A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles C. So was Engles D. So did Engles 19.A fish needs water and without water it will die.A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed the work that she often forgot to her meals.A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make