1、科技英語翻譯的基本方法和技巧詞義的選擇詞義的選擇 英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現象。英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現象。 一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同的意思。的意思。 一詞多義就是說同一個詞在同一個詞類中，又往往有幾個一詞多義就是說同一個詞在同一個詞類中，又往往有幾個不同的詞義。不同的詞義。根據詞類選擇詞義根據詞類選擇詞義 An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleu

2、s of an atom. 電子是繞著原子核轉動帶有負電荷的極其微小的粒子。（動詞）電子是繞著原子核轉動帶有負電荷的極其微小的粒子。（動詞） The earth goes round the sun.地球環繞太陽運行。（介詞）地球環繞太陽運行。（介詞） Round surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.彎曲面反射器是太陽能裝置的關鍵元件。（形容詞）彎曲面反射器是太陽能裝置的關鍵元件。（形容詞） The tree measures forty inches round.這棵樹樹圍這棵樹樹圍40英寸。（副詞）英寸。（

3、副詞） This is the whole round of knowledge.這就是全部的知識范圍。（名詞）這就是全部的知識范圍。（名詞） Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。（形容詞）同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。（形容詞） In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗內的陽光里，細微的塵埃象金子一般在閃閃發亮。在射入窗內的陽光里，細微的塵埃象金子一般在閃閃發亮。（介

4、詞）（介詞） It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. 正是原子構成了鐵、水、氧等類物質。（名詞）正是原子構成了鐵、水、氧等類物質。（名詞） He likes making experiments in chemistry. 他喜歡做化學實驗。（動詞）他喜歡做化學實驗。（動詞） Waves in water move like the waveform moves along a rope. 波在水中移動就象波形沿著繩子移動一樣。（連詞）波在水中移動就象波形沿著繩子移動一樣。（連詞） Plastics was

5、at first based on coal and wood. 最初塑料是從煤和木材中提取的。（動詞）最初塑料是從煤和木材中提取的。（動詞） As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 眾所周知，堿與酸起反應變成鹽。（名詞）眾所周知，堿與酸起反應變成鹽。（名詞） Iron and brass are base metals. 鐵和黃銅為非貴重金屬。（形容詞）鐵和黃銅為非貴重金屬。（形容詞） We have now accumulated a considerable body of knowledge about el

6、ectronics. 目前，我們在電子學方面已經積累了大量知識。（名詞）目前，我們在電子學方面已經積累了大量知識。（名詞） They are in desperate need of this kind of bodied oil. 他們非常需要這種聚合油。（過去分詞）他們非常需要這種聚合油。（過去分詞） Imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown. 想象力能使未知事物的形象呈現出來。（動詞）想象力能使未知事物的形象呈現出來。（動詞）根據上下文選擇詞義根據上下文選擇詞義 Our work today is to work out t

7、he design.我們今天的工作是把設計做出來。我們今天的工作是把設計做出來。 To move something is to do work.移動物體就是作功。移動物體就是作功。 We like his works very much.我們非常喜歡他的著作。我們非常喜歡他的著作。 The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.這些大型鋼鐵廠的建立會大大地加速我國鋼鐵工業

8、的發展。這些大型鋼鐵廠的建立會大大地加速我國鋼鐵工業的發展。 The works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.這些鐘表里的機件全部都是國產的。這些鐘表里的機件全部都是國產的。 The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving power compared with the optical microscope. 與光學顯微鏡相比，電子顯微鏡具有極高的分辨率。與光學顯微鏡相比，電子顯微鏡具有極高的分辨率。 Power can be transmitted over

9、 a long distance. 電力可以輸送到很遠的地方。電力可以輸送到很遠的地方。 The fourth power of three is eighty-one. 3的的4次方是次方是81。 The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element. 化合物中一種元素的化合價必須等于另一元素的化合價?；衔镏幸环N元素的化合價必須等于另一元素的化合價。 Explosive technological development after 194

10、0 gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness. 1940年以來，隨著技術的迅速發展，醫學界大大提高了戰勝年以來，隨著技術的迅速發展，醫學界大大提高了戰勝疾病的能力。疾病的能力。 Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time. 半導體器件沒有燈絲，因此不需要加熱功率和加熱時間。半導體器件沒有燈絲，因此不需要加熱功率和加熱時間。

11、A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 汽車高速行駛需要很大動力。汽車高速行駛需要很大動力。 Streams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric power. 溪流和瀑布適合用于開發水電能源。溪流和瀑布適合用于開發水電能源。 The nucleus is the information center of the cell. 細胞核是細胞的信息中樞。細胞核是細胞的信息中樞。 He was imprisoned in a cell. 他被關在監獄的單人小牢房中。他被關

12、在監獄的單人小牢房中。 In the center of the spacious workshop stood a cell with packets of block anodes. 在寬敞的車間中央有一個裝有一組組陽極板的電解槽。在寬敞的車間中央有一個裝有一組組陽極板的電解槽。 When the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric cell a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire. 當把一根銅絲的兩端連接到一種叫做電池的電器上時，

13、就會當把一根銅絲的兩端連接到一種叫做電池的電器上時，就會有穩定的電流流過該銅絲。有穩定的電流流過該銅絲。 試譯下列各句，注意根據詞類確定劃線詞的詞義：試譯下列各句，注意根據詞類確定劃線詞的詞義： Aluminium is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. A magnetic

14、field is build up round the coil. Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller. Key: 鋁既輕又堅硬，所以廣泛用于航空工業。鋁既輕又堅硬，所以廣泛用于航空工業。 同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。 正是原子構成了鐵、水、氧等等。正是原子構成了鐵、水、氧等等。 線圈周圍形成了一個磁場。線圈周圍形成了一個磁場。 原子雖小，但電子卻更小。原子雖小，但電子卻更小。 試譯下列各句，注意根據上下文確定劃線詞的詞義：試譯下列各句，注意根據上下文確定劃線詞的詞義： When sunlight fall

15、s on the leaves of plants, it is transformed into chemical energy. There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool. The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current, and the less its resistance. When the pres

16、sure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. Key: 當陽光照在植物的葉子上時，就變成化學能。當陽光照在植物的葉子上時，就變成化學能。 工件和刀具不直接接觸。工件和刀具不直接接觸。 功的大小等于力和距離的乘積。功的大小等于力和距離的乘積。 導線越粗，就越容易導電，電阻也就越小。導線越粗，就越容易導電，電阻也就越小。 氣壓低，沸點就低。氣壓低，沸點就低。Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.Noises may develop in a worn

17、 engine.Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease.Other isolation methods are being developed.In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developi

18、ng of the computers.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.軟件包的開發只是為某一用戶的特定需要服務。Noises may develop in a worn engine.磨損了的引擎里可能會產生各種噪聲。Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.絕緣被磨損時往往會發生短路。Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease.果然，80%的莊稼都染

19、上了這種病。Other isolation methods are being developed.目前正在研究其他隔離方法。In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.在進行設計時，必須考慮加工的可能性。After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers.戰后，這項知識大量地應用于研制計算機。A mathematical or logical operation must m

20、eet a certain condition.Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial programming languages.The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood disorder and hesitate to treat him with an antivenin, which they believe might make his condition worse.The frequency with which the filter should be removed, inspected, and cleaned will be determined primarily