1、被動語態(PassiveVoice)語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態(ActiveVoice)和被動語態(PassiveVoice)。當主語為動作執行者即施動者時，動詞用主動態；如果主語是動作的承受者即受動者時，動詞便用被動態。例如：(1) JohnhelpedPeter.(2) PeterwashelpedbyJohn.句(1)helped是主動態；句(2)washelped是被動態,可見主動態是無標記的，而被動態是有標記的。構成被動語態由助動詞be的時態之一和及物動詞的過去分詞構成。被動語態可用于各種時態，其時態變化通過助動詞be的不同形式來體現。如：一般現在時的被動態構成形式為助動詞am/is

2、/are+過去分詞；而一般過去時的被動態構成形式為was/were+過去分詞。本冊要掌握的被動語態形式有：一般現在時：am/is/are+過去分詞e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.I'moftenaskedtodothiswork.我常常被派做這項工作。一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi'an.Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwasthebuildingcompleted

3、?這座大樓什么時候建成的？一般將來時：will(shall)+be+過去分詞begoingto+be+過去分詞e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.一般過去將來時：should(would)be+過去分詞e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.現在進行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞e.g.Thenewairportisbeingb

4、uiltbyaforeigncompany.一家外國公司正在承建這座新機場。Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.過去進行時：was/werebeing+過去分詞e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintotheteacher'soffice.將來完成時：willhavebeen+過去分詞e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswillhavebeenlearned.Thebuildingwil

5、lhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.現在完成時：has/have+been+過去分詞e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書已被譯成多種語言。過去完成時：hadbeen+過去分詞e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.過去將來完成時：wouldhavebeen+過去分詞e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlea

6、rnedby2001.Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublishedbythenextmonth.情態動詞：情態動詞+be+過去分詞e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.工作中可能需要這些機器零部件。動詞不定式：tobe+過去分詞e.g.I'mgladtobeaskedquestions.Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.失去的時間不可彌補。主要用法被動態常用于下列幾種場合：1當不知道或不必提出動作的執行者時（這時都不帶

7、由by引起的短語）；PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷術是從中國引入歐洲的。TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.這種書是為兒童寫的。2. 動作的承受者是談話的中心（這時可帶有由by引起的短語）；Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.這首歌曲是一個學生譜寫的。Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.3. 出于禮貌措詞等原因而不愿說出動作執行者是誰。Youarerequestedtogethereintime.請

8、您準時來這兒。帶行為主體的被動態行為主體就是動作的執行者，即執行動詞所表達的動作的人或物。在被動句中，往往不提及行為主體；但當強調動作的執行者時，可用介詞by引出行為（by+主體行為主體）,置于被動態句的末尾，說明是什么人或物應對有關事件負責。e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.這個村莊毀于炸彈。Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.這幅畫很值錢，它是梵高畫的。其它用法補充1. “It+被動語態+that從句”。表示謹慎或不太肯定的語氣。常用于該結構的動詞有：say,think,believe,agree

9、,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等。e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.據說本月物價還將上漲。Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.據認為每年約有一百條狗出生。Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.據報導所有乘客在那次飛機墜毀中遇難。Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.2. 用于通告標題廣告等的

10、被動態往往省去助動詞be。e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.Shoesrepaired.FamousPaintingStolen.名畫被盜。Practice一把下列句子變成被動語態或變為主動語態。1. Mybrotheropensthewindowseverymorning.2. Shedidn'tcleantheroomthismorning.3. DotheyspeakEnglishinAmerica?4. Theactorwaslovedbytheyoungpeople.5. Theclothesaren'twashedbyher.6. Whatwasfou

11、ndbythem?7. Bobgaveheraninterestingbook.8. Heboughthischildrensomepencils.9. EveryonecallsmeXiaoWang.10. Maryismakingadoll.11. Shecannotcomposesuchfinemusic.12. Mymotherwascuttingdownthetree.13. Hehasn'treceivedtheletter.14. SomebodywascleaningtheroomwhenIarrived.15. Webelievehimtobeagreatschola

12、r.16. weoftenheardhimsinging.17. Myfathermademegotherealone.18. Everybodywillknowthetruthsoon.二用適當介詞填空1. Hisnameisknowneverybodyisthisschool.2. Thegroundwascoveredleaves.3. Theboxwasfilledapples.4. Areyouinterestedmusic.5. Weweresurprisedthenews.6. ShewasbornAmerica.7. Thisdeskismademilk.8. Butteris

13、madewood.9. I'msatisfiedwhatIdid.10.Isshemarriedtheoldman?三，選擇填空1.WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?_Shehasbyherclassmate.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat2.Ipromisethatthematterwill.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof3. ItenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.

14、gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven4. Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Theroom.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting5. You'difthecarwentoverthecliff.A.killedB.havekilledC.bekilledD.beenkilled6.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing.Peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsformnow.A.arenotkeptwillhavetoB.arenotkepthavetoC.donotkeptwillhavetoD.donotkeephaveto7. LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisev