1、非謂語動詞【非謂語動詞】構成：（ to） +動詞原形動詞不定式非在句中的作用（除謂語動詞外的任何成分）謂構成： V.-ing語動名詞動用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構成： V. -ing / V .-ed（規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補、定、狀）（一）動名詞一、動名詞的構成：動名詞一般由“ 動詞原形 +ing ”構成二、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。吃得太多對你的健康有害。賓語動詞賓語介詞賓語表語定語I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜歡打籃球。 Stamps

2、 are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.She is in the reading room. 她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods. 我們應該改進教學方法。表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經常性的動作。多數(shù)情況下， 動名詞作表語可轉化成作主語。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、 所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意 ：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish, m

3、ind, be worth, be busy,practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（ in）, spend.（in ）, feel like, be used to（習慣于） , give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ）繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up）考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, can't h

4、elp, feel like ）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind ）（二）動詞不定式一、動詞不定時的構成不定時的基本形式為：to+ 動詞原形 ，有時可以不用to，這里的 to 是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+ （ to+ ）動詞原形 。二、動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to主語speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room

5、表語every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。 What sports does he like to play? 他喜歡做什么運動？賓語 He likes to play basketball. 他喜歡打籃球。My mother made me play the piano all the time.賓補我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。定語Have you got anything to say?你有要說的嗎？I'm sorry to trouble you. （表原因）很抱歉， 給你添麻煩了。狀語I went to the library to study En

6、glish.（表目的）1. 不定式 作主語說明作主語用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。多數(shù)情況下， 不定式作表語， 可轉換作為主語。只能做某些動詞的賓語， 一般不作介詞的賓語。在 make， let， see， hear，watch 等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略 to。不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。不定式作狀語， 其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。動詞不定式作主語時，常用it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結構為： It+be+adj. （ + for/ of sb. ） +動詞不定式如： To learn English well is useful. It

7、 is useful to learn English well.It simportant for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind ， good， nice， clever 等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for 而用 of。如：It's very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2. 不定式 作賓語有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like,

8、 like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在 find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it 代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.常見的一些不帶to 的動詞不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（ not ） do., would rather do,could/would/will you p

9、lease（ not ） do.I would rather stay in the room. 我寧愿待在房間里。3. 不定式作 賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他關小收音機。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。

10、這些動詞有：一感（ feel）、二聽（ hear, listen to ）、三讓（ let, make, have ）、四看（ look at, see, watch, notice ）。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to 。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4. 不定式 作定語不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔

11、心的。5.不定式 常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do . 老師正告訴學生們做什么。He didn't know where to go . 他不知道去哪里。例題()1. Tom's mother told him _ eating too much meat.A: stoppingB: to stopC: stopsD: stopped()2. We don't know _ it next. Let's g

12、o and ask Mr. Li.A: what to doB: to do whatC: whether to doD: to do whether()3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me.A: helpB: helpingC: to helpD: helps()4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law.A: driveB: drivingC: to drive()5. Water Park is a good

13、place_.A: to have funB: have funC: having funD: to have a fun()6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxingallows you _to your studies with more energy.A: returnB: to returnC: returning()7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look ter

14、rible.A: not to wearB: not wearC: wearing notD: not wearing()8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.(A: Being ； beingB: To be；beingC: Being ； to beD: To be； to be)9. Don't forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I won&#

15、39;t.(A: bringB: to bringC: bringing)10. What about _a rest?OK. Let's go out and have a walk.(A: to takeB: takesC: taking)11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know _it in my small house.You're supposed to put it in the living room.(A: where to putB: why to putC: how to put)12

16、. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, sowe all stopped _what was wrong with him.A: to run; to seeB: running; seeingC: running; to see)13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report.A: writeB: writingC: to writeD: written)14. I feel a bit

17、 hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?A: goB: did you goC: to goD: do you go練習()1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life.A: saveB: savingC: to saveD: saves)2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email.A: writeB: to writeC: writingD: wrote)3. We can use QQ to chat wi

18、th each other on the Internet.Really? Will you please show me _it?A: how to useB: what to useC: how can I useD: what can I use()4. Where's your brother now ， Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A: playing ； don't do soB: playing ； not to do soC: play； to do so()5. As

19、 teenagers, we're old enough _with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishesand clean our own rooms.A: to helpB: helpingC: helped()6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom.A: readB: to readC: reads()7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compos

20、itions three times a week.A: writeB: to writeC: writtenD: writing()8.Tom often makes his sister, but yesterday he was madeby his sister.A: cry; to cryB: to cry; cryC:cry; cryD: to cry; to cry()9. You'd better _ too much time playing computer games.A: don't spendB: not to spendC: to not spend

21、D: not spend()10. More and more young people are trying to do something _the old.A: servedB: to serveC: serveD: serves()11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A. to join; to speakB. join; speakingC. join; to speakD. to join; speaking()12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in

22、first.A. to letB. to tellC. to allowD. to ask()13. She saw some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.A. playedB. to playC. playing()14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _.(A. to stay at home; go outB. to go out; stay at ho

23、meC. staying at home; go outD. Going out; stay at home)15. It's a good habit _ every day.A. to keep doing exerciseB. to stay up lateC. to make much noiseD. to too much)16. It's hot. Would you mind my _ the window. _. Do it as you like, please!(A. to open; OKB. opening; Certainly notC. closin

24、g; Of courseD. Open; Good idea)17. Who do you think you'd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?(A. to let to goB. letting to goC. to let goD. let go)18. The house was so dirty. They decided _.A. clean it upB. to clean it upC. clean up itD. cleaning up)19. I heard someone _ the door and.A. open; come

25、 inB. to open; to come inC. open; come intoD. to open; to come into)20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. playI. 選擇填空。()1. It is not easy _ maths.A. learnsB. learnC. to learnD. learned()2. It is very nice _ you to _ me about it.A. for , tellB. of , sayC. t

26、o , speakD. of , tell()3. It s too late. It s impossible _ there by nine.A. of him to getB. for him to getC. him to getD. for him getting()4. John knows _ a computer.A. how to useB. how use C. how usesD. how to using()5. Our teacher told us _ .A. carefulB. be carefulC. to be carefulD. to be carefull

27、y()6. He asked me _ leave him alone here.A. don t B. not toC. notD. doesn t()7. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. doB. didC. doing D. to do()8. There is a chair _ . A. to sitB. sitting onC. to sit on D. sit in()9. The question is easy _ .A. answering B. answerC. to answer D. answered()10. My

28、 brother is not strong enough _ the big tree.A. carriesB. carriedC. to carryD. going()11. He is too young _ to school .A. to go B. not to goC. to sayingD. didn t say()12. We made a fire _ warm ourselves up.A. in orderB. toC. so asD. so that()13. My wish is _ a doctor.A. beB. to beC. beingD. been()14

29、. Come on! Please _ run!A. get ready forB. got ready forC. get ready toD. got ready to()15. Our teacher let us _ the composition every other line.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. written()16. You had better _ here to help us.A. stayB. stayingC. to stayD. stayed()17. I have finished _ the novel .A. re

30、adB. to readC. readingD. being read()18. _ on the moon is not easy.A. WalkB. WalkedC. Doing walkingD. Walking()19. Please remember _ your book next week.A. to bringB. bringingC. broughtD. bring()20. I remember _ you somewhere before.A. to seeB. seeingC. seenD. saw()21. The film is worth _ .A. to see

31、B. seeingC. seeD. to seeing()22. The boy sat over there without _ a word.A. sayB. sayingC. saidD. to say()23. I saw him _ on the playground when I entered the school.A. runningB. ranC. to runD. runing()24. He sat at the table, _ a new magazine.A. to readB. readC. readsD. reading()25. He had his bike

32、 _ .A. to repair B. repairingC. repairedD. repair()26. He stood up to make himself _ .A. seeB. seen C. seeing D. sawII. 完成下列句子，使意思相同，一空一詞。1.She is so old that she canShetworkistoo. old _ _ .2.The police said to the hief,t“ Put up your hands!”The police told the thief _ _ up his hands.3. I don t know

33、 how I can get to the station.I don t know _ get to the station.4. He said he would tidy the room.He said he would have the room _ _ .5. I m so strong that I can carry the heavy tree.I m strong _ carry the heavy tree.6. Tom went to Paris for his holidays.Tom went to Paris _ _ his holidays.7. Mac hop

34、es he can visit China one day.He hopes _ _ China one day.8. Do you say anything for yourself?Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?9. This boy is a student. His name is Jack. The boy _ _ is a student.10. Tom s mother saw that he was ngsittion some eggs. Tom s mother saw _ _ on some eggs.11. I helped

35、 her with her English.I helped her _ _ English.(A) 用括號中的動詞適當形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You can t make him _ (do) what you want.4.I don t know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) I m a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upsta

36、irs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11. If he doesn t know, how _ (use) the recorder, youetter _ (show)db him.12.He is the

37、last one _ (leave) the office every day.13. It s bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.(B)填入動名詞的適當形式.1.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay)2.I can't understand your _at that poor child.(laugh)3.She didn't

38、 mind _overtime.(work)4.To make a living, he tried _, _,and various other things,but he had failed in all .(write; paint)5.We are looking forward to Mary's_. (come) .6.She was praised for _ the life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised instead of _ (criticize).8.Is there any possibility

39、of our _the championship?(win)9.He came to the party without _(invite)10. Don t keep me _(wait) for a long time.11. Knives are used for _(cut) things.12. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time.14. Stop _(talk) and listen to me careful

40、ly.15. Thank you very much for _(help) us.16.Granny is very ill and she doesn t feel like _(eat) anything.17.The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.18.Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13 th birthday?19. We couldn t help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.20. What about _(go)

41、out for a walk? . 用不定式完成下列句子1.Have you decided _ （怎樣度假） .2.It is dangerous _ （玩火） .3.She was the first woman _ （環(huán)球飛行的）.4.The boy was made _ （重復他自己的故事）.5.The old lady looked at the children _ （穿過馬路）.6.It took me much time _ （算出這些難題）yesterday.7.The boss made the workers _ （一天工作十小時）.8.I don t know（在會上說

42、什么）.9.Can you tell me _ （在哪里能買到這本書）?10._ （在何時何地召開這會議）hasn t been decided yet.根據(jù)句意改寫句子1 The old man is so old that he can t work.The old man is too old.2. I don t know how I can tgeto the TV factory.3. Mr. Green went back to England for a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.5. Do

43、es he say anything for himself at the meeting?Does he have anythingfor himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.7. He spent two hours doing the work.8. It s time for school.9. It seems that she is an English teacher.Shean English teacher.10. His father said to him,“

44、listen to the teacher carefully.His father told himthe teacher carefully.”實戰(zhàn)演練（一）1. I m thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drinkB. to drinkC. eatD. eating2.It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of having C. haveD. had3.Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time.A. pla

45、ysB. to playC. playD. played4.-Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singingC. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5.Why not _?A. let him to go homeB. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6.They were made

46、 _ fourteen hours a day.A. workB. workingC. workedD. to work7.Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them?A. makingB. makeC. to makeD. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday.A. took; to work outB. takes; worked outC. has taken; work outD. is taking; working out9. When you l

47、eave, dontforget _ off the light.A. to turnB. turningC. turnD. turned10.Who do you think youd like _?A. to make friendsB. make friendsC. to make friends withD. make friends with11.Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often.A. to eatB. not eatC. to not eatD. not to eat12.-Hi, Betty. Shall we go

48、 swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday.A. to doB. doneC. doD. to be done13.Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to writeB. to write withC. writingD. writing with14.John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrateC. to be celebrated D. celebrate15.We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher.A. be the bestB. to be the bestC. being best D. being the best1