1、英語五大根本句型導學案學習目標1掌握五大根本句型的用法。2培養學生運用語言能力。自學指導句子成分一定義：構成句子的各個局部叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有 主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。二主語：主語是一個句子所表達的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句當主語不疑問詞時和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、 不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more

2、popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage

3、 .三謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在 主語之后。謂語的構成如下：1、 簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復合謂語：1由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。女口： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.2由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.四表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于 系動詞如be, become, get, look,grow, turn,

4、seem等之后。表語一般由 名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American .Is it yours ?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exc計 ing Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English .His hobby愛好is plaving football .The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The

5、 class is over.The truth is that he has never been abroad .五賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞 后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition 展覽yesterday.The heavy rain preve nted me form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pr

6、etended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music .I think thathe is fit for his office. 賓語種類：1雙賓語間接賓語 +直接賓語，例如：Lend me your dictionary , please.2復合賓語賓語 + 賓補，例如:They elected him their monitor .六賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞如make等+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、

7、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：His father named him Dongming .They pain ted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustn t force hito lend his money to vou.We saw her entering the room .We found everything in the lab in good order .We will soon make our city what your city is now.七定語：修飾名詞或代詞 的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下

8、等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He

9、is reading an article about how to learn English .八狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞 或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。 可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly .He has lived in the city for ten years .He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination .He is in the room making a model plane. Wait a minute.Once y

10、ou begi n, you must con ti nue.牛刀小試：一、指出以下句子劃線局部是什么句子成分：1. The stude nts got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.4. What a beautiful Chin ese pain ti ng!5. They went hun ti ng together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7.

11、 He took many photos of the palaces in Beiji ng.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shan ghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scie ntist.11. He man aged to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it importa nt to master En glish.

12、14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be hon est; your pronun ciati on is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, read ing a n ewspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clea n and tidy.19. He no ticed a man en ter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.1.

13、Timeflies.2. The moonrose.3. The mancooked.4. We alleat, and drink.5. Everybodylaughed?6. Iwoke.7. Theytalked for half an hour.8. Hewalked yesterday9.Heis playi ng10.Theyhave gone根本句型 二S + V + P主+系+表此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個說 明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分 兩類：be, look, fe

14、el, smell, taste, sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義，只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其局部詞義另 :stay, prove, remain, stand展示點撥英語五種根本句型列式如下:根本句型一根本句型二根本句型三根本句型四根本句型五 根本句型一S+ V主+謂S+ V+ P主+系+表S+ V+ O主+謂+賓S+ V+10 + O主+謂+間賓+直賓S+ V+ O + C主+謂+賓+賓補S + V主+謂此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不

15、及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。這些動詞常見的有：take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist,fall, rise, hang可作及物動詞或不及物動詞等等。2有些動詞如 wash, sell, burn , write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后面加副詞表示主語的性 質。SV是系動詞P 表語1. Thisisan En glish dict ion ary.2. The dinnersmells聞good.3. Hef

16、ellhappy.4. Everyth inglooksdiffere nt.5. Heistall and strong.6. The bookisin teresti ng.7. The weatherbecamewarmer.8. His faceturnedred.3形容詞，名詞，現在分詞，過去分詞，不定式，介詞都可以放在某些連系動詞后做表語。根本句型 三S + V + O主+謂+賓此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。SV實義動詞0賓語Whoknowsthe ans

17、wers?Shelaugh atherHeun dersta ndsEnglishHemadecakesTheyatesome applesDannylikesdonutsIwantto have a cup of teaHesaidGood morning 3主語+謂語+賓語這種句型中的動詞應為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。女口：卩我要一杯茶。2他喜歡每天練習口語。3我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind 的電影。汪思:只能跟不定式做賓語的動詞有：afford , agree

18、, choose , decide , dema nd, desire , determi ne, fail, hope, manage offer ,plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , seek, , wish , arrange , learn , etc.動詞之后只能跟 動名詞做賓語:acknowledge成認，admit , appreciate 感謝，avoid , consider , delay , deny, dislike , prevent , enjoy , escape, finish , imagine , ke

19、ep, mind, practice , quit 放棄,risk , stand , suggest , advise 等；動詞短語有： goon , give up , put off , feel like 等。練習：(1)你能想象他通過這次考試了嗎？(imagine)2你做完作業了嗎？(finish)3我們必須防止再犯這樣的錯誤。avoid4你介不介意我在這吸煙？mind根本句型四S + V +10+ O主+謂+間賓+直賓此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接

20、，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前 時，這一介詞往往被省略。4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指人,直接賓語常常指物 o這類詞常有pass, give, offer ,bring, buy , show, teach, ask 等這種句型還可轉換為其他兩種句型：1)動詞+ 賓語 + forsb.(buy,) ;2)動詞 + 賓語 + to sb.(give,offer,show) 女口：測試題：1昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車做為生日禮物。2請把你的畫給我。3他問了我一個奇怪的問題。5. 主語+謂語+賓語+ 賓語補足語所謂賓語補足語是用來補充說明賓語內容的。通

21、常放在賓語的后面。女口：The news made me excited. 這里 excited 就是 me 的賓語補足語。1L不定式作賓補A. 不定式前帶to常用的動詞有：advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, lead,等，以及表示情感狀態的動詞love, like, p

22、refer, hate等后面跟帶to的不定式作補語.漢譯英練習：村民們不允許他們做這。(allow)他說服了弟弟上床睡覺。爸爸警告我不要吸煙。1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街。2.3. 老師告訴他今晚六點鐘過來這里。4.5. 瑪麗提醒我要準時參加會議6.B. 不定式前不帶to表示感覺的動詞see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel等和三個表示 致使的動詞 make,have, let后面跟不帶to的不定式作補語小試身手：1. 我聽到了他在房間里唱歌。2. 我讓他清掃了教室。3. 我注意到他走進了那家工廠。C .不定式為to be在一些動詞后面的賓語補足語常是to

23、be,女口： believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, know,prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。漢譯英1. 這個答案證明是錯的。2. 我認為他是一個好學生。2、分詞作賓補分詞作賓語補足語時，如果分詞與賓語構成主謂關系,用現在分詞；如果構成動賓關系,那么用過去分詞。常用分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：find, feel, get, have , hear, keep , notice ,see , watch , make, leave 等。練習：1. 我讓機器整個晚上在運轉。have2. 我聽到我的名

24、字被人叫。hear3. 我注意到杯子碎了。notice4. 老師讓學生一直在閱讀課文。keep5. 我讓門鎖著。keep3、形容詞作賓補:keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider2.不要留著門開著。常用形容詞作賓補的動詞有1. 學生要保持課室清潔。3.我覺察這本書很有趣。4.我覺得跟他聊天很有趣。4、名詞作賓補常用名詞作賓補的動詞有：find, name, call, elect, make, choose等例女口: The couple named the child TomWe choose him monitor5、由as構成的短語作賓

25、補常用 as 構成的短語作賓補的動詞有：consider - as, treat - as, regard - as, look onas, have -as, take - as, thinkof as 等6. There be 句型此句型是由there + be + 主語+狀語構成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be之后，there僅為引導詞，并無實際語。Be與其后的主語在人稱和數量上一致，有時態和情態變化。女口，現在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 彳各來有 there will be - /there is /

26、are going to be.可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be -/there must have been.過去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be此句型有時不用 be 動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。合作探究：小組合作，快樂學習判斷以下句子屬于哪種類型1heard the girl playing the piano

27、 in the next room。2. There used to be a well in the village.3. He has lived in the cottage for over 15years.3. what he said made me angry.4. The soup tastes delicious.5. The teacher saw two boys play football on the playground.5. Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday。6. The old man is telling

28、 the children a story.7n front of our teachi ng buildi ng stand some trees.8. we should respect our tacher.9. The sun rises in the east.10had my bike repaired last week.當堂檢測1am sorry to have kept youA. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. waited2.She found her dogover by a car on the road.A. runB. ranC. to ru

29、nrunning3. Rose is going to have her hairA. doB. doneC. didD. doing4. She felt somebodyher.A. touchedB. touchesC. touchD. to touch5. She taught himspeak English.A. howB. how could heC. how he couldD. how to6. He didn t enjoy the play because heA. was boringB. boredC. was boredD. boring7will make you

30、r dreamA. comes trueB. to come trueC. comi ng trulyD. come true8.He warned home .A. us to not goB. us not to goC. we not goD. us not go9. Canned food does not goA. bed easilyB. badly easyC. bad easy D. badly easily10. The sad news kept herall the night.A. awakeB. waken C. wakeD. to wake拓展提咼1thinka bad habit to get up late .A. thatB. itC. this D. its2. He found his money.D