1、GrammarGrammar修飾名詞和代詞的成分修飾名詞和代詞的成分定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ):a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語(yǔ)從句the best film 先行詞that關(guān)系詞This is the best film that I have seen.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系詞的作用 1） 2） 3）Beijing is the city that / which has got the

2、chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games. Beijing the city get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb關(guān)系副詞指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial

3、起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意義不完整。意義不完整。起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意義不受原句意義不受影響。影響。修飾修飾先行先行詞詞修飾先修飾先行詞行詞 / 整個(gè)句整個(gè)句子子無(wú)逗無(wú)逗號(hào)隔號(hào)隔開開有逗有逗號(hào)與號(hào)與主句主句隔開隔開有有that 無(wú)無(wú)that Revision 2 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a so

4、ldier, always encourages her to go to college.Revision 2 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（隱含意思：或許不止一個(gè)哥哥）她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Ph

5、oenix. ，我昨天買的那本書是 哈里.波特與鳳凰令1.1.指物時(shí)只用指物時(shí)只用that that 或或which which 的情況的情況2.2.介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞3.Whose 3.Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式4.as 4.as 與與whichwhich的區(qū)別的區(qū)別5.5.指人時(shí)指人時(shí)that that 與與whowho的區(qū)別的區(qū)別6.6.如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞7.7.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問題定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問題1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. wha

6、t C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that4. He talked

7、happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommende

8、d to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級(jí)最高級(jí)修飾先行詞前有修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或者者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)關(guān)系代詞不要再用系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用而

9、用 that。 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞等不定代詞2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞為人和物的組合5.若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who

10、 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情況的情況:that 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this A.which B that C this D.itD.it只用只用which

11、的情況的情況:1,逗號(hào)后面逗號(hào)后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this 考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞與與先行詞先行詞習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由語(yǔ)

12、時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing UniversityBeijing University .I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man (who/whom/that)(who/whom/that) I talked I talked about about at the meeting at th

13、e meeting is from Beijing is from Beijing University.University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通常可。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whom但遇固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組但遇固定

14、詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置主體，不作前置 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。Thats t

15、he child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 3. whose的先行詞指物時(shí)的先行詞指物時(shí), 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，但詞序不同，即即whose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the ro

16、om whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四：asas與與whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用可以互換，但下列情況多用asas。1. 1. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與suchsuch或或the samethe same連用時(shí)，一般用連用時(shí)，一般用asas。e.g

17、. e.g. SuchSuch books books as as you tell me are you tell me are eresting. I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2. 2. asas 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首, as , as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 knowknow, , see, expect, announce, point out see, expect, announce, point

18、 out 等。等。e.g. e.g. AsAs we all know, the earth is round. we all know, the earth is round.1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody

19、knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,

20、those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時(shí)時(shí), 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六:如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞?選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：1.先行詞先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｗ鲋髡Z(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)用做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)用做狀語(yǔ)用做狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I wi

21、ll never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)七:定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致問題定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致問題 定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的的先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of diffic

22、ulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books 3. This is one of the best books _._. A. that have ever been written A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written C. that has written D. that have

23、written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the 4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. A. which sings B. who sing who sing C. who sings D. C. who sings D. who to singwho to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this

24、the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。述句式。ExercisesExercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行詞是先行詞是situation, case, scene時(shí)，時(shí)，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳選擇則是選擇則是in which3. S

25、he will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、w

26、ho wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseABCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try

27、 my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB10. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD11. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?

28、A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as

29、 I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支 .15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the onesABso .that 后面跟的是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句后面跟

30、的是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句16. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. ThatB17. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all D18. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that

31、 B. which C. the one D. the one what C19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.A. of which B. whichC. that D. in whichA21.Here are players from Japan, some of 21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends._ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.some of _ are our old friends. A. whi