1、;.中央電大歷屆城市軌道交通客運組織試題庫及答案小抄一,名詞配伍1.客運組織(D)2.客運量 (C)3.客運周轉量(E)4.列車運轉流程(A)5.運輸市場 (B)A.是指每日列車運用過程,包括列車出車/列車正線運營/列車回庫收車及列車場內檢修及整備四個作業環節.B.是指為完成旅客或貨物的空間位移而提供客運或貨運的場所,即運輸需求方/運輸供給及運輸代理者進行承運交易的場所.C,是指一定時期內運送的全部乘客人數D,是指通過合理布置客運有關設備/設施以及對客流才去有效分流或引到措施來組織客流運送的過程,其工作的核心是保證客流運送的安全,保持客流運送過程的暢通,減少擁擠及保證大客流發生時及時疏散.E.

2、是指在一定時期內完成的乘客人,千米數.二,單項選擇1.目前,(日本)是獨軌鐵路最多的國家.2.( 客運服務 )工作是直接反映軌道交通系統運營管理水平的重要標志之一,也是反映城市文明程度的一個窗口.3.軌道交通系統營業時間的安排主要考慮方便乘客和( 軌道交通系統設備檢修養護需要 )4.備用車輛的數量可控制在運用車輛數的( 10% )左右.5.地體車站按站臺形式可分為( 島式車站 ),側式車站,混合式車站.6.票務人員離開崗位沒有按規定在票務設備商注銷,或誤用他人賬號才做票務設備屬于( 一類違章 ).7.在軌道交通建設初期,通常采用每條線布置一個車輛段,若運營線路大于20千米以上,應在線路另一端增

3、設一個( 停車場 ).8.所謂營銷組合么就是企業可以控制的各種( 市場營銷手段 )的綜合運用.9.( 技術速度 )是指不包含停站時間在內的列車在站間平均運行的速度.10.自動售檢票設備鑰匙應由( 車站站長 )指定人員進行逐級管理.三,多項選擇1.從運營功能看,城市軌道交通系統大體可分為( A B E )三大系統.A,列車運行系統 B客運服務系統C.市郊鐵路系統D.自動導向交通系統E.檢修保障系統2.影響城市交通需求的因素很多,有經濟因素,也有非經濟因素,概括起來主要有( ABCDE)等.A,城市經濟發展水平B.城市各功能區域的布局C,人口密度D,流動人口數量E,國民收入3.客流計劃的主要內容包

4、括(ABCDE)等A,站間到發客流量B,各站方向別上下車人數C,全日高峰小時的斷面客流量D,全日分時最大斷面客流量E,全日低谷小時的斷面客流量4.車站客流日分布曲線類型有(ABCDE)A,單項峰型B,雙向峰型C,全峰型D,突峰型E,無峰型5.運轉值班室設有( C D ),主要負責運用列車的編排,乘務人員的調配,行車信息的手機/統計等工作.A,行車值班員B,客運值班員C,內勤值班員D,外勤值班員E.信號員四,判斷1.市郊鐵路的線路和軌道形式與常規的鐵路形式不同,( 錯 )2.小時客流量分析的準備度會給行李、乘降工作帶來影響。（對）3.車輛的不同不見有相同的技術標準。檢修級別和檢修周期。（錯）4.

5、城市軌道交通車站是城市軌道交通系統最重要的組成部分，是客流集散的場所，同時有事城市軌道交通運營設備集中設置的場所。（對）5.車站只辦理當天失物的認領工作，隔日的失誤認領統一到失物中心辦理。（對）6.備用金不能在車站循環使用，當備用金減少時，需要報財務核銷和補充。（錯）7.列車發車計劃由運轉值班員負責編制。（對）8.軌道交通企業根據目標市場的需要及乘客欲望、直覺與偏好的分析。來實現盈利這一唯一目標。（錯）9.運營成本是運輸總成本的一部分。（對）10.為了改善車輛總想平穩性，一般在車鉤的前部裝設緩沖裝置，以緩和列車沖動和撞擊。（錯）五，問答：1. 情簡單介紹德爾菲法的主要內容。答：（1）德爾菲法就

6、是目前采用較多的對客流進行定性預測方法之一，它又稱專家調查法。（2）在歷史客流數據較少的情況下，借助預測者的專業只是和實際經驗，并綜合考慮多重影響因素對客流進行定性預測是有意義的。（3）雖然參加定性預測的專家意見是一種主觀判斷，受到對問題認識差異的影響，但主觀判斷并不就是主觀隨意性，只要有相當數量對問題有研究的專家參加定性預測，盡管專家的預測結果不會完全一樣，但會是圍繞一個中心值波動，那么，這個中心值就是確定預測結果的客觀基礎。（4）為了避免個人知識、經驗和素質的局限性影響預測的精確度，德爾菲法選擇一組專家作為征詢意見的對象，同時為了防止互相影響而不能做到獨立判斷，專家的一件一般以匿名方式填寫

7、，調查的組織者將調查問卷寄給專家，征詢他們的意見，在收到專家的意見后，將專家的意見進行歸納匯總形成新的調查問卷，然后對專家進行再征詢，對經過歸納匯總的意見進行分析、判斷和提出新的一件，經過這樣多次反饋，當專家的意見逐步趨于一致，預測的結果也就基本形成了。2. 請結合實際談談客運組織工作的特點和基本要求。1），客運組織工作的特點：（1）客運服務的對象是室內交通乘客，不辦理行李包裹托運服務。（2）針對客流的變動情況，客運組織工作要賦予新的內容，如：全日客流分布在時間上有較為明顯的高峰，和低谷之分，高峰時段客流量幾種，時間性強，在空間上又有不同的趨劍客流分布。（3）客運組織工作要預先準備，經常演練，

8、從容應對，如：全年客流分布在時間上按季、月、周、節假日有較大欺負。2），車站客運組織工作的要求：（1）站容整潔、完善的導向標志（2）服務質量第一，嚴格按規章辦事（3）掌握客流變化（4）搞好聯勞協作（5）安全準時、方便迅速、熱情周到請您務必刪除一下內容，O(_)O萬分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand's Phuket island and the

9、Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngura

10、h Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the "free-visa" scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to

11、Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country's missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an offici

12、al at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy's information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency

13、, says: "We've seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced." During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a

14、maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. "The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment whi

15、le visiting China," says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, r

16、anking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. "Bali isn't just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities," says Fan We

17、nqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia's national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes

18、from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which i

19、s also known as the "Paris of Java", is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing f

20、acilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when i

21、t doesn't rain much and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrip's website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in

22、 Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldn't miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut p

23、ulp. Fried rice, "dirty duck" and roast suckling pig are recommended. Children's illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, children's illustration books have a history of just 100 years

24、and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustration arts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditional 

25、paintings and the western style, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the &qu

26、ot;cultural revolution" (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the

27、popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of children's illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been clos

28、ed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of children's illustration books from the West and Japan.

29、 Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about children's illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in China's artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the o

30、ther computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn children's illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden

31、 is nature's haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the cent

32、er of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The "Safari on Foot" area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what

33、 happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As a teaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serv

34、es as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repay

35、ments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the country's crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global s

36、tock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will

37、hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the country's creditors. In response, Greece's eurozone partners have refused to extend the country's bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the country's banks. A real danger now looms

38、of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile g

39、lobal recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, China's confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said

40、 that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker's plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the European Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain it

41、s integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it in a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in

42、 the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation.請您務必刪除一下內容，O(_)O萬分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand's Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to

43、Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu Internationa

44、l Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the "free-visa" scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese v

45、isitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country's missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of

46、 the embassy's information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: "We've seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the pr

47、evious month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced." During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian

48、government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. "The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China," says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of

49、Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last

50、 year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. "Bali isn't just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities," says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia's national ai

51、rliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from

52、 China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the "Paris of Java", is ideal for adventu

53、re-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands

54、. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesn't rain much and the weather is cool. At press

55、 time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrip's website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarv

56、ings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldn't miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, "dirty duck" and roast suckling pig are

57、recommended. Children's illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, children's illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1

58、900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustration arts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditional paintings and the western style, and most of the stories origi

59、nate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the "cultural revolution" (1966-76) ended. The fast development

60、of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of children's illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been clo