1、Lecture 7教育話題Report nIt is said that peoples life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it? 或者遇到這樣的字樣what is the reason, what is the affect ,what should our government do? Report的結(jié)構(gòu) n分四段。n第一段：引出來(lái)題，只是report文章不需要有什么觀點(diǎn)存在，只要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象就可以。n第二段，就要寫引起這件事的reason.n第三段：effect

2、了。就順著題目的問(wèn)法一段段寫。n第四段：也就是how to solve it.Argumentation 議論文的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)n一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)PK對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)n辯論型題目的提問(wèn)方式，一般有如下幾種：1.(To what extent) do you agree or disagree?2.What is your opinion?3.What do you think?4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of sth?5.What are the benefits and drawbacks of sth?6.Discuss both sides and

3、 give your opinion.一邊倒n在一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)中,建議分五段.第一段:因?yàn)樵陬}目中一定會(huì)有提出兩方觀點(diǎn),所以在第一段的時(shí)候也要亮出雙方觀點(diǎn)(萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不可抄寫題目,要把題目的意思換個(gè)句式說(shuō)法) 同時(shí)亮出你是同意或者不同意,或者是你的觀點(diǎn)是怎樣.通常第一段會(huì)有固定的模式,這樣看你自己的句套是怎樣設(shè)計(jì).第二段:要講你為什么支持你的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn).通常在這一段中會(huì)有5句話.第1句就是你為什么同意你這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的第一個(gè)理由(IDEA),第2句到第4句便是你這個(gè)IDEA的說(shuō)明句.第5句便為這一小段的小總結(jié).第三段:寫你支持你這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的第二個(gè)IDEA,寫法同第二段.第四段:寫你支持你這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的第三個(gè)IDEA,

4、寫法同第二段.第五段:便是文章的結(jié)尾段.這一段中要再一次明確你的觀點(diǎn). 對(duì)稱式結(jié)構(gòu)n第一段:用你的句套啦.但是記住,這里不用寫觀點(diǎn)了.只是對(duì)題目分析就OK了.第二段:可以寫你支持作者觀點(diǎn)的IDEA.寫法同上.第三段:便為反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)段.第四段便是一個(gè)總結(jié)了. n“對(duì)稱式結(jié)構(gòu)”雙方都說(shuō)，“一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)”只說(shuō)一方。n“對(duì)稱式結(jié)構(gòu)”比“一邊倒結(jié)構(gòu)”可說(shuō)的內(nèi)容多，更容易寫夠字?jǐn)?shù)。 怎么復(fù)習(xí) n1.要了解雅思考題都會(huì)有怎樣的問(wèn)法,熟練掌握各種問(wèn)法所使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。n2.要自己想許多的IDEA。由上述段落寫法時(shí),大家可見通常一篇文章中都需要三個(gè)IDEA。所以沒(méi)有IDEA怎么才能支持你自己的觀點(diǎn)呢?文章會(huì)沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的

5、。 n3.是要練好基本功,基本功怎么練？ nvoluntary euthanasianorgan transplantn雅思的文章，它絕對(duì)不是簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言的堆砌。文章，它承載的是思路，承載的是思想。所以在寫文章之前，不要一味的去堆砌語(yǔ)言，應(yīng)該考慮一下你的想法，你的中心思想，你的邏輯思維。nIf you do not think clearly, you can not write clearly. 教育應(yīng)該包括哪些內(nèi)容？n母題：母題：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development

6、of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions? (050312)n提示提示：本題圍繞教育的兩大功能來(lái)展開（個(gè)人與社會(huì)），準(zhǔn)備好這篇文章，即可應(yīng)付教育類話題中的最大分支教育的功能，做到以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。對(duì)于社會(huì)角度，可以從促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、增加社會(huì)流動(dòng)性(social mobility)、維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定這幾個(gè)方面來(lái)展開，對(duì)于個(gè)人，可以寫改變思維模式、有利于就業(yè)和便利生活來(lái)寫。教育的功能the functions of educa

7、tionnHome education: what do parents teach us?nSchool education: what do schools teach us?Home education: what do parents teach us?npass down both academic knowledge and practical experience npassionate love and the feeling of a true family nEverything they sacrifice is derived from affection and th

8、e consciousness of responsibility. nparents love is an incentive for us to study, work and overcome the troubles in life.School education: what do schools teach us?nAgent of social controlncertain values such as, obedience, discipline, perseverance, respect and punctuality. Schools also teach us con

9、formity; it encourages us to be good and to be a law abiding citizen.nhindrances towards individual development. School education: what do schools teach us?n Modifying behaviour- Education helps to modify the past behaviour through learning and through different agencies of education.nAll-round deve

10、lopment- Education aims at the all round development of children-physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual.nadjustability , preparing for the future , completion of education School education: what do schools teach us?ntransmitting the dominant culturenthe young generation is exposed to the

11、 belief, norms and values that had long been exist on a particular culture.nEducation also serves to promote social and political integration. Educational institutions transfer the population that is composed of diverse ethnic and religious groups into a kind of society with people sharing at least

12、a common identity.School education: what do schools teach us?n Education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all aspects irrespective of social status, creed, colour, sex and religion.nEducation helps to make rising generation to understand its rights and duties as citizens of a democratic cou

13、ntry.n Education trains people for unity, not for locality, for democracy and not for dictatorship.nEducation can be a real panacea for all social evils.nThe purpose of education: to become autonomous, creative and inquiring, have the will and intelligence to serve the society, create their own dest

14、inynEducation is a progressive discovery of our ignorance. Current education in ChinanThe existing education system, focus on the results, suppress childrens creativity, learning is considered as a tool to cope with exams, marks are the major standard to evaluate students capacitynExplore students p

15、otential, do research, write papers, learn scientific method, sharpen their thinking capacity, challenge the authorityn子題子題：大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)教授理論知識(shí)還是實(shí)踐技能？大學(xué)的是應(yīng)當(dāng)把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成合格的公民還是讓他們自己得益？準(zhǔn)備未來(lái)職業(yè)最好的方法是上大學(xué)還是盡快離校積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)？大學(xué)要不要擴(kuò)招？中學(xué)階段應(yīng)當(dāng)提供通才教育還是專才教育？要不要延長(zhǎng)義務(wù)教育年限？要不要讓農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)生更容易上學(xué)？老師要教學(xué)生如何判斷是非嗎？Theoretical knowledgena well-confi

16、rmed type of explanation of naturenconsistent with scientific methodnthe most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge nteaches the why. It helps people understand why one technique works and where another fails. It shows you the whole forest, builds the context, and helps

17、you set strategy. set a direction for your future education. Theoretical knowledge can often lead to a deeper understand of a concept , understanding the why behind it.Practical knowledgenacquire the specific techniquesnGenuine knowledge comes from practice .nNo practice, no gain in ones wit. nWhats

18、 learned from books is superficial after all. Its crucial to have it personally tested somehow. nlead to a deeper understanding of a concept through the act of doing and personal experience nProfound and impressive memorynSolve specific problem把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成合格的公民還是讓他們自己得益?nQualified citizennEducation instit

19、utionsnPatrioticnour compulsory curriculum nobserve disciplines and obey laws nrespect the old and cherish the young; nNature Is Our Mother. Mother nature, a qualified citizen respecting and caring for nature for every moment. 擴(kuò)招nEnrollment expansion, expanding the scale of enrollment radically, Edu

20、cation Ministry nthe higher education quality deteriorated more than before, education resources,nirresponsible for society, increasing peoples burden, which is contrary to the principle advocated by whole society- building harmonious society reducing social burden.n side effectsnHas aroused debate

21、its efficiency, efficacy and equity. 擴(kuò)招nthe expectation to stimulate domestic consumption and to ease the immediate pressure on the labor market nthe high public interest in and demand for higher education in Chinese societyn the political will of the Chinese government to develop higher education.

22、n reform its structure, curricula, and administration. nEnsure the excellence of higher educationnPossible declining of the quality if it is not accompanied by substantial increase in investmentnRising college tuition, deny poor students the opportunity to receive 擴(kuò)招nEssential to economic developmen

23、tnA better-educated citizen is more productive.nNarrow social inequalitynContribute to the development of a more democratic society. Make informed political decisionsnNeed more talented personnel to sustain rapid economic developmentnStimulate domestic consumption and promote growth in related indus

24、triesnAll-around education, discourage test-oriented, Liberal/general educationnan approach to learning that empowers individuals and prepares them to deal with complexity, diversity, and change. nprovides students with broad knowledge of the wider world (e.g. science, culture, and society) as well

25、as in-depth study in a specific area of interest. A liberal education helps students develop a sense of social responsibility, as well as strong and transferable intellectual and practical skills such as communication, analytical and problem-solving skills, and a demonstrated ability to apply knowle

26、dge and skills in real-world settings. ndisciplines Liberal/general educationnA general education was the best preparation for both work and life, arguing that it gives students the skills to be better citizens and better people. Besides providing a well-rounded course of study, a general education

27、builds a foundation for more specialized study later. A general education can also impart skills-such as writing and critical thinking-that are valuable in nearly any workplace. Depending on the major subject, a general education can also provide practical preparation for the workplace.Specialized e

28、ducationna course of study focused on a particular subject. Specialized education is often focused on training to prepare students for the workplace.nVocationally oriented specialized education curricula can give the student a definite advantage in the job market. nThe very focused course of study,

29、specialized education programs often offer their students work-related experience. nSpecialized education programs can often be completed in a shorter time than general education programs, which can save a significant amount of money.Gap yearna period of time in which people disengage from curricula

30、r education and/or work and undertake activities such as traveling, volunteering or working abroad. ntake a year off prior to attending tertiary education and choose to travel abroad nunsure of their academic or financial direction and want to gain experience in the “real world” before making a big

31、commitment Gap yearn a way to recharge your battery or to explore activities near home or afar that you never had time to experience before. na great way to get a breather from classrooms, tests, and homework assignmentsndissatisfied “gappers” Gap yearnTime off allows students time to think about th

32、eir academic direction and professional goals before jumping in with both feet. nWork experience are great rsum-builders and can result in increased focus and maturityqualities that all competitive colleges like to see in prospective students. nWorking full time can help students save up for tuition

33、 and other college costs. Gap yearnWatching friends and classmates move on to college before you can be disheartening. nFor students who fail to develop important habits, its easy to lose focus and fall out of the academic routine. nStudents who wait sometimes lose access to guidance counselors, pee

34、r support, and even scholarship resources that they had fresh out of high school. distance-learning programsnMany people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (041113, 081023, 100515) distance-learning programs nConvenience: internet, not based on some colleges annual or semester schedule. nFlexibility: time, placenAvailability: nCost: cheaper, no travel ex