1、 (五短文填空題的命題特點(diǎn)短文填空是陜西省、重慶市、武漢市、黃岡市、福州市等省、市近兩年才創(chuàng)設(shè)的一種新題型。這種題型通常有四種形式:1、給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞,讓考生根據(jù)上下文填上所缺的單詞。2、給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞,但給出這些單詞的第一個(gè)字母,讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文的意思和所給的提示字母,天上所缺的單詞。3、給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞,同時(shí)在一個(gè)方框內(nèi)給出一些單詞,讓考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容,把這些單詞填入空白處,使文章正確、通順。4、給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ),同時(shí)給出這些單詞或短語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)意思,讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文和所給漢

2、語(yǔ)的提示,填上適當(dāng)?shù)貑卧~或短語(yǔ)。陜西省的短文填空題采用的基本上是第四種形式。這種題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力、基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用能力和書面表述能力,特別是單詞和短語(yǔ)的拼寫能力。它是介于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)之間的一種題型。陜西省中考英語(yǔ)題中的短文填空題又有什麼具體特點(diǎn)呢?1、從文體上看,議論文和敘事文為主。2002年陜西省的短文填空題所給的短文是一篇論說(shuō)文,論說(shuō)的主題是:只有母親的愛(ài)是真正的愛(ài)。2003年的中考說(shuō)明樣題所給的短文是一篇敘事文。講述的是圣誕節(jié)的情況。2003年的中考題中的短文填空題也是一篇敘事文。講述的是主題是因特網(wǎng)的歷史。2、從填空的內(nèi)容上看,以詞組和短語(yǔ)為主。2002年短文填空題共

3、有10個(gè)空,其中6個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。2003年中考說(shuō)明中短文填空題共有10個(gè)空,其中7個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。2003年中考題中的短文填空題共有10個(gè)空,其中5個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)短文填空題要填的詞組和短語(yǔ)總體上保持在5-7個(gè)。3、從考查的范圍上看,以英語(yǔ)的一些特殊用法為主。2002年的短文填空題考到了enough作副詞,放在被修飾詞之后的用法,考到了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)的用法。2003年終考說(shuō)明中的短文填空題又一次出現(xiàn)了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)用法。2003年中考題的短文填空題考查了something wrong這樣的形容詞后置的特殊用法。4、從所留的空白上看

4、,以給出漢語(yǔ)提示為主。2003年中考說(shuō)明的短文填空題共留出10個(gè)空白,其中8處給出了漢語(yǔ)提示, 2處沒(méi)有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空題同樣是10個(gè)空白,全部給出了漢語(yǔ)提示。二、短文填空題的解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ),理解文章大意和主旨的能力,牢固掌握英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配,熟記英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫。做短文填空可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手:1、從語(yǔ)法方面考慮短文填空題所涉及的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容通常包括:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)、主謂一致、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、介詞和連詞的選用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空題的第一個(gè)空:“Most of us 1 (忙于talking about

5、 and using the 要加be, 而be還要和主語(yǔ)most of us保持一致,變成are。2、從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮如上所說(shuō),陜西省的短文填空以詞組和短語(yǔ)為主,而詞組和短語(yǔ)必然會(huì)涉及到很多習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考說(shuō)明短文填空的第8個(gè)空:“8 (在圣誕夜children are very happy.”用英語(yǔ)表示“在圣誕夜”必須用On Christmas Eve。因?yàn)樵凇澳骋惶斓耐砩稀绷?xí)慣上用介詞on。3、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮有的空白必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什麼樣的單詞或短語(yǔ)。例如2003年考試說(shuō)明短文填空的第9個(gè)空:They put their sto

6、cking at the end of their beds 9 their parents can put presents in them.從上下文文我們可以看出,他們把他們的長(zhǎng)筒襪放在床頭上是為了讓他們的父母親能夠把禮物放在里面。以此判斷,后面的句子應(yīng)是一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。因此,應(yīng)填so that。三、短文填空題的實(shí)例分析(2003,陜西省V. 短文填空:(共10空,計(jì)10分。單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤不給分,短語(yǔ)中單詞大小寫、拼寫錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分根據(jù)上下文和括號(hào)里的漢語(yǔ)提示,在下面短文的空白處寫出正確的單詞或詞組。使短文意思完整,語(yǔ)句連貫。Most of us 1 (忙于talking about an

7、d using the Internet every day, but how many of us know the 2 (歷史of the Internet? Many people are 3 (驚訝when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. 4 (那時(shí),computers were large and 5 (貴的. Computer networks didnt work 6 (好. If there was 7 (出故障with one computer in the network, the whole net

8、work stopped, so a network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many 8 (不同的kinds of computers. If 9 (任何部分of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. 10 (用這種方法, computer network system would keep on working all the time.1.are busy。漢語(yǔ)提示應(yīng)填“

9、忙于”,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,所填的詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作謂語(yǔ),英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為be busy。句子的主語(yǔ)是most of us, 謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Be busy應(yīng)變?yōu)閍re busy。2.history。漢語(yǔ)提示為“歷史”,在定冠詞之后應(yīng)為名詞。3.surprised。漢語(yǔ)提示為“驚訝”,在句中作表語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)是人,人感到驚訝,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞surprised。4.At that time。漢語(yǔ)提示為“那時(shí)”,其真正意思是“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”,又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句首,第一個(gè)字母應(yīng)大寫,相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)是At that time。5.expensive/dear。漢語(yǔ)提示為“貴的”。因?yàn)樵诰渲凶鞅碚Z(yǔ),應(yīng)用形容詞exp

10、ensive/dear。6.well。漢語(yǔ)提示為“好”,在句中作狀語(yǔ),因此用well表示。7.something wrong。漢語(yǔ)提示為“出故障”,英語(yǔ)表示“某個(gè)東西出了故障”常常用There was something wrong with sth.這個(gè)句型。8.different。漢語(yǔ)提示為“不同的”,其形容詞形式是different。9.any part。漢語(yǔ)提示為“任何部分”,相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)應(yīng)是any part。10.In this way。漢語(yǔ)提示為“用這種方法”,又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句首,第一個(gè)字 能級(jí)演練1Most of American businesses are open fi

11、ve days a week. American school children attend school five days a week as well.American families usually have a 1 (兩天weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time 2 (以許多不同的方式 . Many families enjoy weekends 3 (一起 . They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit

12、 friends. They may also invite friends over and 4 (聚會(huì) at home. Many American families participate(參加in sports during the weekend. 5 (跑步, biking, playing volleyball and swimming 6 (流行in summer. Skiing and skating are the 7 (最喜愛(ài)的 winter sports.Weekends are also a time for American families to work on

13、something in their yards or in 8 (他們的 houses. Many families plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends 9 (粉刷or repair their houses. 10 (對(duì)大部分美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō), weekends are very busy.1. two-day2. in many different ways3. together4. have a party5. Running6. are popular7. favourite8.

14、their9. to paint 10. For most Americans2Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car 1 (一直是 a common thing 2 (從以來(lái) the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved 3 (外面 of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Am

15、ericans spend 4 (每天兩小時(shí) or more in their cars 5 (去上班 and home again. Cars have become the 6 (工具 of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations.Americans 7 (過(guò)去常常 like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, 8 (然而, the cost of gasoline has increas

16、ed, smaller cars have become9 (更常見. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought10 (大量的Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.1. has been2. since3. outside4. two hours a day5. going to work6. means7. used to8. however9. more common 10

17、. large numbers of3In American high school 1 (大多數(shù) students take English, science, math and history.2 (在英語(yǔ)課堂上 , the students study grammar and read famous literature. In science class, they study biology, chemistry or physics. History is3 (更有趣 to some students because they learn about important event

18、s and places4 (在美國(guó) . Students take5 (其它c(diǎn)ourses, too. These are electives. Some study6 (音樂(lè) because they feel it is more enjoyable. Some study7 (計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)because they8 (認(rèn)為it is more practical.9 (在各自課堂上, teachers give students exams. Some exams are more difficult than others, but a good student can always

19、do 10 (好.1. most2. In English class3. more interesting4. in the United States5.other6. music7. computer science8. think9. In each class 10. well One kind of vacation that many Americans enjoy is camping. Each summer 1 (數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 Americans drive to the countryside where they find places 2 (野營(yíng). The nationa

20、l parks, many of which are 3 (在山里 , are favourite camping places. Campers enjoy the 4 (新鮮空氣, the lakes and the forests which they find in these parks. Campers hike, swim and fish. They can also find 5 (許多種animals and plants in the parks. Mostly campers have trailers which they drive or pull behind t

21、heir cars to their campsites. Trailers are like houses 6 (在輪子上. They have many conveniences which people have in their homes, 7(例如electricity and hot water. But 8 (大多數(shù)campers dont have trailers. They camp in tents which they 9 (搭起in their campsites. Campers in tents dont have the conveniences that c

22、ampers in trailers have. Tent campers enjoy 10 (一種簡(jiǎn)單的生活 .1.millions of2. to camp3. in the mountains4. fresh air5. many kinds of6. on wheels7. such as8. most9. set up 10. a very simple life5Farm Life in the United StatesAll big cities are quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city is not very 1 (不同

23、於living in an American city. The same cannot be said about living 2 (在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上, however.In many parts of the world, farmers and their families live 3 (在村莊和城鎮(zhèn)里. In the United States, however, each farm family lives on its own fields, often beyond the sight of any neighbors. 4 (不用traveling from a village t

24、o the fields every morning, American farmers stay 5 (在他們的土地上throughout the week. They travel to the nearest town 6 (在星期六for shopping or on Sundays for church. The children ride on buses to large schools which serve 7 (所有的農(nóng)場(chǎng)家庭 living in the area. In some areas, there are small schools serving a few f

25、arm families, and the children walk to school.8 (當(dāng)然life keeps changing for everyone, including farmers. Today there are cars, good roads, radios, and television sets. And of course there are modern machines for farming. All of these have changed farm life.For many years, however, farming in America

26、was often a lonely way of living. Farmers 9 (不得不deal with their own problems, instead of getting help from others. They 10 (學(xué)會(huì)to try new methods, and to trust their own ideas instead of following older ways.1. different from2. on farms3. in villages or towns4. Instead of5. on their land6. on Saturda

27、ys7. all of the farm families8. Of course9. had to10. learned6He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15,1929. He was black. He lived 1 (僅僅thirty-nine years, but he became world-famous in that short time. He 2 (長(zhǎng)大 in the southeastern part of the United States. He studied at Morehouse College whe

28、re he met many outstanding men whose ideas he found important and exciting. There he read the writings of Thoreau, which gave him many ideas 3 (關(guān)于自由 .After he graduated from Morehouse, he 4 (接著 to study at the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, and Boston University. At Boston Universit

29、y, he 5 (minister of a small church 6 (南方的. There he became the leader of the black people, who were poor and without power. He gave speeches and led marches. For his ideas and actions, he went to jail 7 (一段時(shí)間.8 (許多年以后, in Washington, D.C., he spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people. He told them, “I hav

30、e a dream.” That speech is still 9 (著名. In 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. His work was not 10(結(jié)束 when he died on April 4, 1968. Who was he? He was Martin Luther King.1. only2. grew up3. about freedom4. went on5. In 19546. in the south7. for a short time8. Many years later9. famous 10. finished7D

31、ear Mr. Costa,Im sorry it has taken me so long to write. Ive been very busy with work and school, but Ive 1 (想起you often.Howve you been lately? Did you have a good Christmas and New Years? Mac says youve been working hard at the restaurant and that business is very good. What2 (別的 have you been doin

32、g?I had a short but good vacation. Mac and I went to Chicago for 3 (幾天before Christmas, but I 4 (不得不 come back and work between Christmas and New Years (including Christmas Day and New Years Eve! 5 (每次something like that 6 (發(fā)生I wonder if I really want to work in the hotel business.The other day I was thinking about the fun we used to have 7 (在我們英語(yǔ)課堂上. I havent seen many of our classmates since the course was over. 8 (事實(shí)上, the only one I see very often is Tomiko. Id really like to get in touch with Franco. Does he 9 (曾經(jīng) write to you? If so, could you please send me his address?Well, Mac and