1、時(shí) 態(tài) 講 解現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時(shí)(1)構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 have +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞 have 有 人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用 have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。以 study 為例，其否定式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問(wèn)式I have not (haven t)studied .Have I studied ?You have not (haven t)studied Have you studied ?He has not (hasn t)studied Has he studied ?否定疑問(wèn)式簡(jiǎn)單

2、回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Haven t I)studied ?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Haven t you)studied ?Yes, I have. No, I haven t.Has he not (Hasn t he)studied ?Yes, he has. No, he hasn t.(2)用法:1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在 說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 或存在的狀態(tài)。 說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào) 的 是 該動(dòng) 作 或 狀 態(tài) 對(duì) 現(xiàn)在 的結(jié) 果 或 影響 。My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒

3、剛出去。Im sure we ve met before.我肯定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段 時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，女口 recently,already, just, lately, for since ,yet 等。如:I haven t heard from her these days.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。We haven t seen you recently. 最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。They have been away for two years.他們離開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been

4、 with us since Monday.A、I .、八注意:a) since 和 for 的區(qū)別since 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如 1993， last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor 后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久” ，如 ten years, a while, twodays 等。Exercise:用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australi

5、a _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _ 1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital_ Octobe

6、r.2) 表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎?的動(dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說(shuō)：He has come here for 2 weeks.xThe old man has died for 4 mon ths.xThey have left only for 5 minutes.x以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only

7、for 5 minutes2) have (has) been和 have (has) gone 的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過(guò)某地”要用 “ have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has)gone”。試比較：Where has he been?他剛才到哪里去了？(已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)Where has he gone?他上哪兒去了？(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他們到過(guò)加拿大。 (現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿 大)They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。 （可能在路上和已 經(jīng)到加拿大) .3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間

8、狀語(yǔ)連用， 如 yesterday, last year, in1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，但可以和 already, yet,sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once,twice, ever, never 等連用。例如：She has already come.她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。I haven t read it yet.我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)。I have met him before.我從前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Ma Hong has always been a good stu

9、dent.馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street.我經(jīng)常在街上看見(jiàn)他。They have never been to Yan an. 他們從未去過(guò)延安。I havent seen him lately.我近來(lái)沒(méi)看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it lastweek.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ j

10、ust _ (come) back from work. He is tirednow.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He_ (go) to the teacher s office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _ (make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _ (stay) here ? Fortwo weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework.9. He _ (go) to scho

11、ol on foot every day.you _ (find) your science book yet?11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.12. The students _ (read) English when the teachercame in.13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree.14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday.15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere?II. Ch

12、oose the best answer.1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. when I was 2.D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. wentD. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. a

13、fter B. since C. for D. that will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will. I _ her several times.A. metB. have metC. had met D.willmeet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, havingD.have, hadyou know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and I _ friends since w

14、e were very young.A. have madeB. have become C. have been D.have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone toC. went toD.will go to10.

15、-_ you ever _ to the US?- Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1. I have been to Macau before. (I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. （就劃線部分提問(wèn)）改為否定句 )?_ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. （用 ju

16、st 改寫(xiě)）? ?I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.（改為同義句 ）We _ _ English _ three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問(wèn)句）6. They have been here since 2000. （ 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn) ）havethey been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _ fora year. （die）（動(dòng)詞填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour

17、 ago. （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.Ask the questions1） I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2） My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ ?3） He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _ ?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?Use “ never, ever, already, just, yet,

18、 for, since ” to fill in the blanks.1.I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4.“Have you _ seen the film? ” “ No, I have _seen it. ”5.“Has the bus left _ ?” “Yes, it has _ left.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、翻譯下列句子：你曾

19、經(jīng)吃過(guò)魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2.我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書(shū)。3.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。4.他已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯5.你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？6.我哥哥還沒(méi)回來(lái)。7. 這本字典我已買了三年了。8. 他離開(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。9. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。10. 他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。11. 自從他搬到濟(jì)寧，他就住這兒了2) I moved to the USA in 2008. Ithe USA12. 我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。13. 自從 1999 年以來(lái)他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。14. 我來(lái)到這個(gè)學(xué)校已 3 年多了。二、用 since 和 for 填空years years agomonth19994 o clock7 _ 4 hou

20、rs hour ago9._we were children lunch time she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. I ve known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. It s about ten years _ she left the city.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)

21、詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短 語(yǔ)。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move tospfbe in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / bethere1)He got toBeijing five minutesBeijing for1) He came out two years _ for _2) We return to Beijing _ _ to Beijing sincebecomefbe1) I became a teach

22、er in 2000. I _ a teacherfor _ .2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _dirty for _ _ .closefbe closedopenfbe open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ for _ .since .3) I went home yesterday. I for .4) They came here last e to / go back to / return tofbe outhomeThey _ here sincefbe

23、back to go out2) The door opened at sixin thedoor _over；marryfbe married；1) I got up two hours _ _ _ since2) He left Shanghai just _ _ _ Shanghaifor five minutes.3) My grandpa died in grandpa _ _ _for _4) The meeting finished at meeting _ _ _ forsix hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ sin

24、ce6)They married in 1990.They _ _since _.6start / begin to do sth.fdo sth.；beginfbe on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at thisschool since _ .2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _for _ _ .7borrowfkeep；losefnot have；buyfhave；put onfwearfor six hours.get upfbe up；diefbe de

25、ad；leave sp.fbe away fromsp.fall asleep / get tot sleepfbe asleep；finish / endfbecatch / get a coldfhave a cold；get to knowfknow1) They borrowed it last week. They _ it since2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ a pen for3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since4) I put on my glasses three years

26、ago. I _ my glassesfor _.8have / has gone tofhave bee n inHe has gone to _ Beijing for two days.9join the league / the Party / the armyfbe a league member /a Party member / a soldierfbe a member of the league / the Partyfbe in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _

27、for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _My brother _ in _ for two years.四、劃線提問(wèn)1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ ?3) He left here

28、 yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _ ?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: C

29、ould you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to及 go 的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How l

30、ong _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6)_ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there manytimes.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, butI _ there before.11) Where _ you

31、 _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1.I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten

32、years.4.“Have you _ seen the film? ” “ No, I have _seen it. ”5.“Has the bus left _ ?” “Yes, it has _ left.八 . 用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空： s _ (live) here ever since she was ten.of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _(leave).5. Mary_

33、(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) ithere and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have)some orange.8. Wealready _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twi

34、ce.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.參考答案：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. haveworked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. h

35、ave, finished 9. goes 10. have,found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seenKeys: 1. Howlong have, been there 2. Howlong has, lived here3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buyKeys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5.yet , just / already現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題答案 一翻譯下列句

36、子：1.Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?2.I have just lost my chemistry book.3.I have never been to the farm before.4.He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5.Have you seen the movie yet?6.My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = Mybrother hasn t returned yet.7.I have had this

37、dictionary for three years / sincethree years ago.8.Has been away from China for three years.9.I have known them for five years.10.They have been in the USA for five years.11.He has been here since he moved to Jining.12.My sister has been a college student for three years =My sister has been in coll

38、ege for three years.13.They have known each other since 1999.14.I have been in this school for over three years.二、用 since 或者 for 填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 10. since11. since 13. since16. since三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短11. has been in , five minutes2. hav

39、e been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week21. have been out, two years2. have been back , yesterday31. have been , nine years2. has been , two years41. has been closed , two hours2. has been open51. have been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , seven years4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married , 199061. have taught , 19952. has been on , two minutes71. have kept , last week2