1、 閱讀專題二. 英語閱讀詞義猜測 設問形式 The underlined word.in the second (third) paragraph refers to (means) _.By saying.in the firs (second) paragraph, the author means that _. In paragraph , 

2、; can be replaced by _. The meaning of  in paragraph is related to _. Which of the following has the closest meaning to.? The underlined sentence in the

3、60; paragraph probably means that _.  詞義猜測方法：1. definition 定義法 2. contrast 對比法 3. similarity 相似法 4. cause and effect因果法5. examples 舉例法 6. word formation 構詞法 7. context 上下文 8. common sense 普通常識一、定義法   通過對其定義、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來推測出它的詞義。常用“to be called, be defined as

4、, be known as, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等詞語來提示。還有一些標點符號，如：冒號、破折號、括號等都表示后文要解釋前文。如：1. The schools are reluctant to take time off - even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. (06福建A)A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. car

5、eless2. Here is the Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces. (04 福建E)A. Place in which you can see many mobile homesB. Mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. Town which happens to be near the

6、 Banff National ParkD. Restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food3. It will be very hard but very brittle- that is, it will break easily.A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong4. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( ) 二、對比法通過前面或后面出現的反義詞或對比詞語推知生詞的意思。體現對比關系

7、的詞主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。標點符號分號也可表示對比。如：1. Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating.（05 天津 D）A. adult education B. childhood overweightC. parents influence D. grow

8、ing pains2We tried to borrow white shirts everywhere so as to take part in the evening party. But we tried in vain. Every one of us looked disappointed at the bad news.A. in surprise B. uselessly C. in silence D. usually3. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middl

9、e of her first class.A. late B. slowly C. punctual D. quickly4. My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training, Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A. She was absent-minded B. She was nervous C. She was excited D. She was curious.5. The main po

10、int of the plan is clear to me, but the details are still hazy. ( )三 相似法所謂同等關系，指的是一個詞，一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞意都屬于同一義域。通常有并列連詞and或者or等作同等關系的標志詞。一些常見的引出同義詞的標志性詞語有or, like, similar等。如：1.The new tax law supersedes, o

11、r replaces, the law that was in effect last year.   A. supervise    B. review   C. take the place of     D. start to enforce2. Early human beings

12、 used very fragile houses and boats, often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause right waves that endangered travelers. Peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests。（06 重慶 E）A

13、. impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protectedC. easy to damage D. difficult to find3. “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,says friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupid D. Dav

14、e was shy.4. In lab tests, carbon dioxide was better than heat and several other lures in drawing the bedbug out of hiding.A. used to kill bugs. B. used to attract bugs C. used to tease bugs D. used to feed bugs5. Doctors believe smoking detrimental to your health; 

15、;they also regard drinking harmful. ( )四、因果法    我們可通過對原因或結果進行邏輯推理，猜出結果或原因中的生詞詞義。通常由because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore, so that, sosuchthat等詞匯及結構來體現。如：1The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.

16、Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, of young leaves. (05江西D)A. regular cutting of the plants B. frequent wateringC. regular use of chemicals D. growing the plants high in the mountain2. But t School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the USA. Thats

17、 no surprise, because they offer many benefits. （05 北京春季 E）A.tasks B. messages C differences D. advantages 3. I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do

18、60;.A. full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quite4. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers of

19、f because they made the product look weak and ineffective. The underlined part ”the colors turned the customers off” means that the colors_.  A.  attracted the custo

20、mers strongly      B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping   D. caused the customers to lose interest5. She didnt hear what you said b

21、ecause she was completely engrossed in her reading. ( )6. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. ( )5、 舉例法利用文中的舉例猜測詞義，常見的提示詞有for instance, for example, such as等。Today, young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing mach

22、ines, color televisions and refrigerators. ( )六. 構詞法英語中很多單詞都是有詞根家前后綴組成的，知道詞根及前后綴的意思， 就可以推斷出生詞的意思。(1) 合成：兩個或兩個以上的單詞組成一個新的單詞。如：blackboard, man-made,overthrow(2) 詞性轉化：I was asked to minute the race. “minute”轉化成動詞，意為“為計時”hand(n.)hand(v.) empty(adj.)empty(v.)(3) 詞綴：super- (超） mini-(極小的) micro-（極微小的） re-(

23、再，反復) mis-（誤）im-（不） un-/in-/non-/dis(不) -able(能.的) -less(不，無) -wards(向)eg: childish mispronounce homeless sleep-walk antiageing 1 Many artists find inspiration in traditional Indian designs.A. confidence B. creative ideas C. power D. good advice2.My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father

24、 died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he moved away.(04 NMET) A. preferred to stay alone at home B. lost interest in his studies C. refused to talk to others D. began to dislike his mother3. According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that

25、can cure your illness, or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.A. an effort without results B. a search for diet without fruits C. a diet serving as medicine D. a research on fruitless diet.4. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgment

26、al listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(03 NMET)7 上下文 利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。1. There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen ma

27、ny years of service, but was now past its best.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A. Dirty. B. Dark. C. Worn-out. D. Plain-looking.2. when I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well-paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small newspape

28、r . At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? I wanted to know.(NMET 2006 廣東)The underlined phrase “turn his bake on ”most probably means A. leave for B. ret

29、urn to C. give up D. rely on3. Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found. Their experiment on more than 630 Americans showed that they were measurably happier when they spend money on others.A. help to fin

30、d B. help to bring C. help to increase D. help to get4. The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it has caused to stock and crops. There was very little we could do about the crops. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again.A.

31、 money owned by the family B. goods for sale C. supplies for family use D. farm animals5. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?”I guess if you wanted to use one word,itd be plasticity.”says Erie Gese,an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large pac

32、ks like wolves,hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles,and live on all sorts of food,from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.The underlined word “plasticity”in Paragraph 2refers to_.A.the ability to fit the environment    

33、60;        B.notorious smartnessC.hunting ability                           D.being human-tolerant8 常識運用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經驗及生活常識，根據上下文能讀懂的部分

34、，正確猜出生詞詞意，是一種行之有效的猜測詞意的方法。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風俗習慣、宗教信仰、政治結構、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解。1Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them. 2Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then

35、eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.3. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.4. In

36、 old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.鞏固練習1He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.A. get worse B. improve C. was recorded D. developed 2. The young man failed in h

37、is experiment. He seemed to have lost all his hope. Just at that time his father came to help him, saying, “ dont despair, child. If you work harder, youll succeed in the end.”A. to fail in the experiment B. to help someoneC. to succeed in the end D. to lost ones hope3. There was a talk between an E

38、nglish visitor and a Chinese leader. The visitor could speak nothing but English, and the leader could speak only Chinese. They couldnt understand each other. How could they talk on ? now came an interpreter, who could speak both Chinese and English. So the talk between the English visitor and the C

39、hinese leader went on with the help of the interpreter.A. a thing which gives quick translation of words spoken in another languageB. a person who gives an immediate translation of words spoken in another languageC. a person who can speak nothing but EnglishD. a person who can speak nothing but Chin

40、ese4. There is a legend that, long ago on Qing-Ming holiday, a young man named Xu Xian was coming back home when suddenly it started to rain heavily. He ran at once to an old tree so as to keep out of the rain. When he reached the tree, he saw a beautiful lady and her servant standing there. The you

41、ng man and the beautiful lady fell in love with each other at first sight.A. a letter from England B. a story from old timesC. a book by Lu Xun D. a novel by Charles Dickens5. The young man was bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. afraid B. shocked C. shy D. surprised6. When george Wa

42、shington was quite a little boy, he chopped down the young tree his father loved best. This made his father very angry. Later, the boy told his father the truth that he had cut down the tree. And this made his father happy.A. to shop B.to make C. to cut D. to love7. A group of soldiers were going to

43、 fight with the enemy in the village. In order to win the battle the officer had to order two soldiers to go scout the village at night, because he wondered how many soldiers there were in the village, and where the enemy soldiers were hiding.A. to look for a place to live in B. to search a place to get informationC. to leave a place for another one D. to get to a place to attend a meeting8. Researchers are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controller