1、The City of HiroshimaBy:第二組(詹純，賀丹，周歡，劉巧麗，李星星，梁瓊瓊)Catelogue The introduction of Hiroshima Before the atomic bombing World War II and the atomic bombing After the atomic bombingThe introduction of Hiroshima Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of

2、 western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The citys name, means Wide Island in Japanese. Hiroshima gained city status on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1980, Hiroshima became a designated city. As of 2006, the city had an estimated population of 1,154,391. Kazumi Matsui has been the citys mayor sinc

3、e April 2011.GeographyLocationWeatherCultureCuisineOkonomiyakiOystersEducationEconomicIndustryAttraction for touristLocation &WeatherHiroshima is in southwestern Honshu, Japan, on Hiroshima Bay of the Inland Sea. The city is situated on the delta of the Ota River, whose channels divide it into s

4、ix islets. Hiroshima was founded as a castle town in the 16th century. Climate:moderateAverage tempreture:15CuisineOkonomiyaki!Hiroshima is known for okonomiyaki,cooked on a hot plate(usually right in front you).It is cooked with various ingredients which are layered rather than mix together as done

5、 with the Osaka version of okonomiyaki.OystersNo.1EducationHiroshima University was established in 1949, as part of a national restructuring of the education system. One national university was set up in each prefecture, including Hiroshima University, which combined eight existing institutions with

6、 the Hiroshima Prefectural Medical College added in 1953.Economic- Hiroshima is the center of industry.- It has long been a port city and Hiroshima port or Hiroshima International Airport can be used for the transportation of goods. Its largest industry is the manufacturing industry with core indust

7、ries being the production of Mazda cars, car parts and industrial equipment. Attraction for touristMiyajima 宮島宮島ranked as one of Japans three best views. Miyajima is most famous for its giant torii（牌坊、鳥居）（牌坊、鳥居） gate, which at high tide seems to float on top of the water. Hiroshima is best known as

8、the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city at 8:15a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.Before the atomic bombing Sengoku period (15891871) Imperial period (18711939) Sengoku period (15

9、891871) Hiroshima CastleHiroshima was established on the river delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by the powerful warlord Mri Terumoto, who made it his capital after leaving Kriyama Castle in Aki Province. Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and in 1593 Terumoto moved in. Terumoto was on

10、 the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner of the battle, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mori Terumoto of most of his fiefs including Hiroshima and gave Aki Province to Masanori Fukushima, a daimyo who had supported Tokugawa.Imperial period (18711939) After the han was abolished in 1871, th

11、e city became the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture. Hiroshima became a major urban center during the imperial period, as the Japanese economy shifted from primarily rural to urban industries. During the 1870s, one of the seven government-sponsored English language schools was established in Hiroshima

12、. Ujina Harbor was constructed through the efforts of Hiroshima Governor Sadaaki Senda in the 1880s, allowing Hiroshima to become an important port city. During World War I, Hiroshima became a focal point of military activity, as the Japanese government entered the war on the Allied side. About 500

13、German prisoners of war were held in Ninoshima Island in Hiroshima Bay. The growth of Hiroshima as a city continued after the First World War, as the city now attracted the attention of the Catholic Church, and on May 4, 1923, an Apostolic Vicar was appointed for that city.World War II and the atomi

14、c bombing (19391945) At the time of its bombing, Hiroshima was a city of both industrial and military significance. A number of military units were located nearby, the most important of which was the headquarters of Field Marshal Shunroku Hatas Second General Army, which commanded the defense of all

15、 of southern Japan, and was located in Hiroshima Castle. The city was also a communications center, a key port for shipping and an assembly area for troops. It was also the second largest city in Japan after Kyoto that was still undamaged by air raids, due to the fact that it lacked the aircraft man

16、ufacturing industry that was the XXI Bomber Commands priority target. On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 a.m., the nuclear bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, flown by Colonel Paul Tibbets,directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the

17、year, injury and radiation brought the total number of deaths to 90,000166,000. The population before the bombing was around 340,000 to 350,000. Approximately 70% of the citys buildings were destroyed, and another 7% severely damaged.Atomic BombingUnited States Army Air Forces (USAAF) atomic bomb at

18、 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945.80,000 90,000140,00069% The Americans estimated that 4.7 square miles (12 km) of the city were destroyed. Japanese officials determined that 69% of Hiroshimas buildings were destroyed and another 67% damaged. The bombing started fires that spread rapidly through timber a

19、nd paper homes. As in other Japanese cities, the firebreaks proved ineffective. Over 90% of the doctors and 93% of the nurses in Hiroshima were killed or injuredmost had been in the downtown area which received the greatest damage. The hospitals were destroyed or heavily damaged. Only one doctor, Te

20、rufumi Sasaki, remained on duty at the Red Cross Hospital. Nonetheless, by early afternoon, the police and volunteers had established evacuation centres at hospitals, schools and tram stations, and a morgue was established in the Asano library. Most elements of the Japanese Second General Army headq

21、uarters were at physical training on the grounds of Hiroshima Castle, barely 900 yards (820 m) from the hypocenter. The attack killed 3,243 troops on the parade ground. The communications room of Chugoku Military District Headquarters that was responsible for issuing and lifting air raid warnings wa

22、s in a semi-basement in the castle. Yoshie Oka, a Hijiyama Girls High School student who had been mobilized to serve as a communications officer had just sent a message that the alarm had been issued for Hiroshima and Yamaguchi when the bomb exploded. She used a special phone to inform Fukuyama Head

23、quarters that Hiroshima has been attacked by a new type of bomb. The city is in a state of near-total destruction. The public release of film footage of the city following the attack, and some of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission research, about the human effects of the attack, was restricted duri

24、ng the occupation of Japan, and much of this information was censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, restoring control to the Japanese.Hiroshima, My Love戰 后 廣 島 的 和 平 潮 流Trend of HiroshimaAfter the bombingPostwar Period(1945-present) On September 17, 1945, Hiroshima was

25、 struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon (Typhoon Ida). Hiroshima prefecture suffered more than 3,000 deaths and injuries, about half the national total. More than half the bridges in the city were destroyed, along with heavy damage to roads and railroads, further devastating the city. Hiroshima was rebuil

26、t after the war, with the help from the national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. DIRECTORYHiroshima Peace Memorial CeremonyHiroshima Peace Memorial MuseumSome Comments on the Peace Memorial Ceremony of JapanThis monument to the victims of the ato

27、mic bomb is located in Peace Memorial Park in the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The park was dedicated in 1949, four years after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima during World War II.Atomic Bomb MonumentA-Bomb Dome Memorial Here are the buildings survived from the atomic explosion in honor of the victims for later generations now . In 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial