1、1. off: in the sea but in the land 在在 (陸地附近陸地附近) 的海面的海面 e.g. an island off the coast of France 法國海岸附近的一個島嶼法國海岸附近的一個島嶼2. the English Channel 英吉利海峽英吉利海峽3. Between France and Spain is another mountain range- the Pyrenees. (比利牛斯山脈比利牛斯山脈)當表示方位的狀語或表語位于句首時當表示方位的狀語或表語位于句首時,句子采用全部倒裝的結構句子采用全部倒裝的結構, 即把謂語動即把謂語動

2、詞的所有組成部分都移到主語之前詞的所有組成部分都移到主語之前, 這這類狀語或表語的詞常見的有類狀語或表語的詞常見的有:e.g. To the list may be added the following names. 在這個名單上還可以添上下列人員。在這個名單上還可以添上下列人員。There goes the bell. 鈴響了。鈴響了。away, down, in, off, out, over, up,above, below, here, there及介詞短語及介詞短語與分詞。與分詞。4. Twenty percent of the country is covered by isla

3、nds.cover n. 封面封面, 蓋子蓋子, 表面表面 v. 覆蓋覆蓋, 涉及涉及, 包含包含e.g. We tried to find cover from the storm.我們設法尋找我們設法尋找遮蔽遮蔽暴風雨暴風雨的地方的地方。 Do not try to cover a mistake.不要試圖不要試圖掩蓋掩蓋錯誤。錯誤。 By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的時候到日落的時候, 我們已經我們已經走了走了三十英三十英里。里。Paragraph 1.1. Paris is the capital and largest city of

4、 France, situated on the River Seine.situated on the River Seine是過去分是過去分詞作定語詞作定語, 修飾修飾Paris, “坐落在塞納河坐落在塞納河河邊河邊”。situated: to be in a particular place orposition adj.位于位于的的, 坐落在坐落在的。的。 e.g. The hotel is situated at the edge of the town. 該飯店坐落于市區的邊緣。該飯店坐落于市區的邊緣。 2. The most popular place for tourists

5、is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. 最最受游客歡迎的旅游景點是埃菲爾受游客歡迎的旅游景點是埃菲爾鐵塔鐵塔, 它是巴黎著名的象征它是巴黎著名的象征。 the famous symbol of Paris和和the Eiffel Tower是同位關系。是同位關系。symbol n. 符號符號, 標志標志, 象征象征e.g. On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church.在地圖上在地圖上, 十字符號十字符號代表代表教堂。教堂。The dove is the symbol of peace.鴿子是和

6、平的鴿子是和平的象征象征。symbol, sign, marksymbol指作為象征或表達某種深邃意義的指作為象征或表達某種深邃意義的特殊事物特殊事物, 意為意為“象征象征(和介詞和介詞of搭配搭配); 符號符號(和介詞和介詞for搭配搭配)”。sign指代表具有固定意義的一種簡明的符號指代表具有固定意義的一種簡明的符號或標志或標志, 意為意為“符號符號 (和介詞和介詞for搭配搭配); 跡象跡象(和介詞和介詞of搭配搭配)”。mark指在其他事物上留下的可見的印痕或指在其他事物上留下的可見的印痕或先天固有的標志先天固有的標志, 意為意為“符號符號; 記號記號”, 與介與介詞的搭配視情況而定。

7、詞的搭配視情況而定。單項選擇單項選擇1) Scientists have found no _ of life on Mars so far, though great efforts have been made on the research. A. symbols B. signs C. marks D. signalsB2) In ancient China, a gold dragon on the emperors clothes was regarded as a _ of power and position. A. mark B. sign C. symbol D. feat

8、ure 3) Put a question _ at the end of that sentence. A. mark B. sign C. symbol D. featureCA3. One of the worlds largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. located adj. 處于處于, 位于位于e.g. The company has located on the West Coast. 公司公司設在設在西海岸西海岸。Greece is located in the south of Europe.

9、希臘希臘位于位于歐洲南部。歐洲南部。 locate v. 找出找出(確定確定)的準確位置的準確位置e.g. We couldnt locate the source of the radio signal. 我們無法確定無線電信號的來源。我們無法確定無線電信號的來源。 Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. loc

10、ated 選選D。be located .位于位于。此句中。此句中Ideally located for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue作原因狀語。作原因狀語。4. The city is famous for its restaurants, Cafs and theaters. 這個城市這個城市以餐館以餐館, 咖啡館和劇院而聞名。咖啡館和劇院而聞名。 be famous for 因因而著名而著名be famous as 作為作為而著名而著名be remembered for 因因而被懷念而被懷念be remembered as 作為作為而被緬懷而被緬懷

11、 他將作為一名民族英雄而被人們緬懷。他將作為一名民族英雄而被人們緬懷。 He _ always _ a national hero. 那個村莊過去因貧窮而出名。那個村莊過去因貧窮而出名。That village _ its poverty. willwas known forbe remembered as 5. About two thirds of Frances artists and writers live in Paris.法國約三分之二的法國約三分之二的藝術家和作家住在藝術家和作家住在巴黎巴黎。about 作介詞作介詞, 意為意為“大約大約左右左右”。1/5 one fifth

12、one over five 4/7 four sevenths four over seven 6. Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid.= Barcelona, the second largest city of Spain, lies on the northeast coast. The coast is about fi

13、ve hundred kilometres east of the capital, Madrid.本句是個簡單句。本句是個簡單句。主語為主語為Barcelona, and連接兩個并列的系表結構連接兩個并列的系表結構, situated為形容為形容詞化的過去分詞詞化的過去分詞; 意為意為“位于位于的的”; about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid作定語修飾作定語修飾coast, 它它相當于定語從句相當于定語從句which is about . Madrid; Madrid在句中作在句中作the Spani

14、sh capital的同位語。的同位語。7. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. 高迪從高迪從1882年起從事這項工程直至年起從事這項工程直至1926年逝世。年逝世。 work on sth. 從事某事從事某事 相當于相當于spend time/energy on sth. e.g. Whenever I get the time, we go out to the camp and work on it. 只要我有時間只要我有時間, 我們就去營地我們就去營地干活干活。 8. One of Barcelo

15、nas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.= The Church of the Sagrada Familia is one of Barcelonas most famous landmarks and it was designed by an architect who was called Antonio Gaudi.本句是一個主從復合句本句是一個主從復合句。主句是。主句是One of B

16、arcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, 從句是從句是which引導的非限制性定語從句。在從句引導的非限制性定語從句。在從句中中, called Antonio Gaudi是過去分詞短語是過去分詞短語作后置定語作后置定語, 修飾修飾an architect, 相當于定語相當于定語從句從句who was called Antonio Gaudi。9. began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. 始于始于14世紀而且延續了世紀而且延續了

17、300年。年。 in the 1300s 在在14世紀世紀 e.g. He is in his eighties and is still eager to learn. It was in the 1960s that great architect was born. 2) last vi. 繼續繼續, 延續延續e.g. I dont think the nice weather will last for a whole week. The operation lasted for three hours. The conference lasted from Monday to Fri

18、day. This will last me about three days. It will last out the winter. 10. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. 在文藝復興時期在文藝復興時期, 歷史上一些最偉歷史上一些最偉大的畫家在佛羅倫薩生活和工作。大的畫家在佛羅倫薩生活和工作。of all time 有史以來有史以來 in no time 馬上馬上 at no time 絕絕不不 in time 及時及時, 遲早遲

19、早 at the same time 同時同時, 然而然而 at a time 一次一次, 每次每次 at one time 曾經曾經, 一度一度11. Their works has influenced the writers ever since. 他們的作品影響了后世的作家。他們的作品影響了后世的作家。 ever since “從那時從那時起一直到現在起一直到現在” 其中其中since是副詞是副詞, ever since后面也后面也可跟名詞或從句可跟名詞或從句, 解作解作 “從從時起一時起一直到現在直到現在”, 通常與持續性動詞的完成通常與持續性動詞的完成時態連用。時態連用。e.g.

20、I have known her ever since she was 9 years old. 從從她九歲她九歲開始開始, 我就認識她了。我就認識她了。 They have been friends ever since. 從那以后從那以后他們就成了好朋友。他們就成了好朋友。ever 構成的其它常用短語有構成的其它常用短語有:ever more 日益日益; 越來越越來越ever so / such 非常非常for ever (and ever) 永遠地永遠地hardly ever 很少很少; 極少極少1. 她三年前來到這個城市她三年前來到這個城市, 從那時起就從那時起就 一直當老師。一直當老

21、師。2. 自從畢業后自從畢業后, 他就一直在寫一部戲劇。他就一直在寫一部戲劇。 She came to this city three years ago and has worked as a teacher ever since.He has been writing a play ever since he left school. ever before “在以往任何時候在以往任何時候”, 其中其中before是副詞是副詞, ever before常出現在常出現在than后面后面, 其中其中ever 用以加強用以加強before的語氣的語氣, 有時有時before可以省略。例如：可以省

22、略。例如：Its raining harder than ever before. 雨比以前下得都大。雨比以前下得都大。 用用ever before 或或 even since 填空。填空。1). He fell off his horse a week ago and has been in bed _.2). China is richer and stronger than _.3). I have been here _ 1995. ever since ever before ever sinceI. 句型轉換。句型轉換。1. Paris is situated on the Riv

23、er Seine and is known as a city of romance. _ _ the River Seine, Paris is known as a city of romance.Situated / Located on 2. It is known to all that the modern Olympic Games began in Athens, the capital of Greece. _ _ _ _ _, the modern Olympic Games began in Athens, the capital of Greece.As is known to all3. The style of Chinese buildings influenced the Japanese architecture